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Topic: Jay Gould

	Jay Gould
		Jay Gould (May 27, 1836 - December 2, 1892), American financier, was born in Roxbury, New York.
		It was during the same period that Gould and Fisk became involved with Tammany Hall; they made Boss Tweed a director of the Erie, and Tweed in turn arranged favourable legislation for them.
		Gould also obtained a controlling interest in the Western Union telegraph company, and after 1881 in the elevated railways in New York City, and was intimately connected with many of the largest railway financial operations in the United States from 1868-1888.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ja/Jay_Gould.html (582 words)

	W. T. Stead, "Jay Gould" (The American Review of Reviews, February, 1893)
		Jay Gould was dead at the age of fifty-eight, leaving a fortune of $70,000,000 to his children and making absolutely no bequests of any kind to the nation whose development had made him rich or to the society which tolerated and fostered his accumulations.
		Jay Gould was faithful to his wife, devoted to his children, and his character outside his all-absorbing devotion to money-making seems to have been tolerably simple and exceptionally good.
		Gould was a man of tried personal and moral courage, a kind, considerate and generous friend, modest and gentle in demeanor, moderate in speech, judicial and just in his judgments.
	www.attackingthedevil.co.uk /reviews/gould.php (4458 words)

	Socialism Today - Stephen Jay Gould
		Gould points out that all he has done is recognise that "If evolution almost always occurs by rapid speciation in small, peripheral isolates — rather than by slow change in large central populations — then during [a large central population’s] recorded history in the fossil record, we should expect no major change".
		One of Gould’s most famous collections is The Panda’s Thumb, in which he describes the evolution of the Panda’s ‘thumb’, a muscled and flexible digit which evolved from a bony part of its forepaw and is used to grasp the bamboo the Panda subsists on.
		Gould protests that Dawkins’s theory arises from "some bad habits of Western scientific thought the idea that wholes should be understood by decomposition into ‘basic’ units; that properties of microscopic units can generate and explain the behaviour of macroscopic results".
	www.socialismtoday.org /67/gould.html (1860 words)

	Stephen Jay Gould - MSN Encarta
		In 1972 Gould and American paleontologist Niles Eldredge of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City originated the punctuated equilibria theory of evolution.
		Gould and Eldredge noted that the fossil record contained few examples of organisms exhibiting a continuous, gradual evolution in form, but many examples of the abrupt appearance of completely new species.
		From these observations Gould and Eldredge proposed that the evolution of a species results from rapid changes to an isolated population, caused by such natural phenomena as major climate change, followed by long periods of evolutionary stability.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761573648/Gould_Stephen_Jay.html (382 words)

	Obituary - Stephen Jay Gould
		Gould's speciality was evolution, and the conventional wisdom was (and still is to a large extent) that evolution is a gradual process that happens over many millions of years.
		Gould challenged this orthodoxy by suggesting a mechanism he called "punctuated equilibrium", where evolutionary jumps happen over relatively short periods with long periods of inactivity in between.
		Gould may be proved wrong about punctuated equilibrium one day, and had he lived I am sure he would have been disappointed, but I am equally sure that, as a scientist, he would have accepted the decision gracefully.
	www.ratbags.com /rsoles/comment/gould.htm (648 words)

	The apotheosis of Stephen Jay Gould by Paul R. Gross (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Gould was not a politician, not a film star, not, despite his well-advertised baseball know-how, a sports figure.
		Gould proclaims his monstrous book to be part of a Hegelian dialectic, in which traditional Darwinism (the Modern Synthesis) has become the thesis, with Gould’s own ideas as antithesis, and a future synthesis waiting to be born.
		To people outside the field, Stephen Jay Gould was the answer: a uniquely articulate scientist who spoke for fairness and decency, who fought dangerous denizens of society such as creationists, racists, economic oppressors, and who defeated them with science.
	www.newcriterion.com /archive/21/oct02/gould.htm (2102 words)

	Stephen Jay Gould Biography \| World of Genetics
		Gould developed the theory in further papers, and his work was recognized in 1975 with the Schuchert Award, presented by the Paleontological Society for excellence in research by a paleontologist under forty years old.
		Although Gould concedes that human intelligence has a specific location in the brain and can be measured by a standard number score, he argues that any efforts to label groups as possessing inherently inferior or superior intelligence represents a misuse of scientific data and a violation of the scientific process.
		Gould started writing about an increasingly wide range of topics, including the fl widow spider, the "Hottentot Venus" (referring to an African woman who was caged to be publicly displayed in nineteenth century Europe), and the disappearance of.400 hitters in baseball.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/stephen-jay-gould-wog (1477 words)

	Stephen Jay Gould: An Appreciation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Gould agreed that there was much in the complex workings of the mind -- and by extension, human society in general -- which could not be explained by evolution in a one-plus-one sense.
		Gould, for instance, immediately embraced the theory that dinosaurs were wiped out by a meteor 65 million years ago, seeing it as a classic example of mere chance determining the shape of evolution.
		Gould subjects Yerkes' tests to an intensive critique, describing the spurious contents of the tests themselves, the difficult conditions -- for the testees -- under which they were set, and the fiddling, in effect, of the results to conform to prior prejudices (this latter being a feature of all intelligence testing).
	www.wpunj.edu /~newpol/issue36/Bradley36.htm (6837 words)

	Stephen Jay Gould * September 10, 1941- May 20, 2002
		Gould was a champion for teaching evolutionary science in school curricula, arguing that creationism was not an adequate alternative.
		Stephen Jay Gould was born September 10, 1941, in New York City; received a degree in geology from Antioch College in 1963 earned a PhD in paleontology from Columbia University in 1967; and went on to become one of the most well-known and widely read scientists of recent decades.
		Gould is particularly celebrated for his ability to popularize science and the punctuated equilibrium theory of evolution he and Niles Eldredge developed.
	www.americanhumanist.org /press/sjgould.html (295 words)

	KLI Theory Lab - Authors - Stephen Jay Gould
		Gould, S.J. Tempo and Mode in the Macroevolutionary Reconstruction of Darwinism.
		Gould, S.J. Darwinism and the expansion of evolutionary theory.
		Gould, S.J. Lewontin, R.C. The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: A critique of the adaptationist programme.
	www.kli.ac.at /theorylab/AuthPage/G/GouldSJ.html (396 words)

	Jay Gould - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jason Gould, the son of John Burr Gould (1792–1866) and Mary Moore Gould (1798–1841), was born on a small dairy farm near Roxbury, New York.
		Gould died of tuberculosis on December 2, 1892 and was interred in the Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx, New York.
		At the time of his death, Gould was a benefactor in the reconstruction of the Reformed Church of Roxbury, now the Jay Gould Memorial Reformed Church.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jay_Gould (1231 words)

	Presidential Lectures: Stephen Jay Gould: Introduction
		Gould's critique of central concepts of the Darwinian paradigm has been founded on the notion of "punctuated equilibria" and his assertion of the importance of historical contingency and other factors in evolution besides the mechanism of adaptation to the external environment.
		Gould considers the dramatic implications for this interpretation in the context of his historical critique of the gradualist model of evolution.
		Gould's involvement in public and at times vituperative public debates has had little negative impact on either his popularity as a writer or his prominence in the American scientific community.
	prelectur.stanford.edu /lecturers/gould (1858 words)

	stephen jay gould
		Gould was among the most vehement critics of the search for the evolutionary basis of human behavior, the so-called science of sociobiology.
		Steve Gould was an expert witness in the modern day rerun of the Scopes evolution trial in Tennessee more than a decade ago when his court testimony successfully served to relegate the "creationist" version of the origin of life to a faith-based belief having nothing to do with scientific inquiry.
		Gould did not shy away from citing with enthusiasm and agreement the work of Marx's cothinker, Friedrich Engels, whose essay, "The Part Played by Labor in the Transition from Ape to Man," was considered by Gould as seminal in rejecting the "idealistic" and "Western" prejudice regarding the primacy of the brain in human evolution.
	www.geocities.com /youth4sa/gould.html (2628 words)

	Jay Gould
		The American financier Jay Gould was born in Roxbury, Delaware county, New York, on the 27th of May 1836.
		With Tweed, Gould was cartooned by Thomas Nast in 1869.
		Evolutionary biologist Stephen Jay Gould is a distant, not direct, relative.
	www.nndb.com /people/421/000050271 (597 words)

	Stephen Jay Gould - (1941 - 2002)
		Stephen Jay Gould, Harvard's outspoken and often controversial paleontologist whose groundbreaking work on evolutionary theory - coupled with his award-winning writings - brought an expanded world of science to thousands of readers, died this morning in Manhattan of metastasized lung cancer.
		Gould, along with Niles Eldredge, a paleontologist at the New York's Museum of Natural History, developed an evolutionary theory called "punctuated equilibrium," where long periods of evolutionary stability are broken by shorter spurts of evolutionary change, perhaps sparked by external events such as climate change or the impact of a comet.
		Gould's most recent book, "The Structure of Evolutionary Theory" (2002), is a 1,433-page opus that took him more than 20 years to complete.
	www.dickran.net /news/gould.html (434 words)

	Stephen Jay Gould Biography \| scit_0712_package.xml
		Gould moved on to other species and was particularly devoted to the theory of exaptation, which proceeds much more rapidly than adaptation.
		In subsequent publications, Gould used other illustrations of exaptation, such as the swim bladders in fish that kept them buoyant in water, but were readily converted into lungs for land species because of the thin flap of tissue that permitted an exchange of gases both in and out of water.
		In addition to his many awards and prizes, Gould is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Society of Naturalists, the Paleontological Society, the Society for the Study of Evolution, the Society of Systematic Zoology, and Sigma Xi.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/stephen-jay-gould-scit-0712 (603 words)

	Jay Gould - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Gould, Jay, full name Jason Gould (1836-1892), American financier, born in Roxbury, New York.
		Gould, George Jay (1864-1923), American financier, oldest son of Jay Gould, born in New York City, and privately educated.
		Gould, Stephen Jay (1941-2002), American evolutionary biologist, paleontologist, and author of popular science books and essays written for a lay...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Jay_Gould.html (108 words)

	Steve Sailer on Stephen Jay Gould on National Review Online
		Gould was wonderfully ambitious — he marketed himself as the new, improved Charles Darwin for our age of political correctness.
		Gould's most famous and influential book was The Mismeasure of Man, which exemplified his trademark combination of antiquarianism and guilt by association in the service of character assassination.
		After Gould's death this week, Pournelle summed up, "I think Gould's legacy left the House of Intellect stronger — particularly where he was wrong, because he made his opponents rethink their positions and sharpen their concepts.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/comment-sailer052202.asp (768 words)

	Stephen Jay Gould - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gould was born and raised in the Queens borough of New York City, New York.
		Gould was a passionate advocate of evolutionary theory and wrote prolifically on the subject, trying to communicate his understanding of contemporary evolutionary biology to a wide audience.
		Gould and Dawkins also disagreed over the importance of gene selection in evolution: Dawkins argued that all evolution is ultimately caused by gene competition, while Gould advocated the importance of higher-level competition including, but certainly not limited to, species selection.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould (4246 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Acclaimed science writer dies
		Stephen Jay Gould, one of the world's best-known palaeontologists and science writers, has died at the age of 60.
		A Harvard professor since the age of 26, Gould was also a best-selling author known for his engaging and often witty style of science writing.
		In July 1981, when he was only 40, Professor Gould learned he had abdominal mesothelioma, a rare and deadly form of cancer usually associated with exposure to asbestos.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/1999341.stm (458 words)

	Online NewsHour: Conversation with Stephen Jay Gould -- November 26, 1996
		STEPHEN JAY GOULD: That’s how we always draw the history of evolution, from amoeba to human, or from crouch chimpanzee to upright white male in a business suit, thereby encoding other biases of that culture into the process, but evolution isn’t that.
		STEPHEN JAY GOULD: Evolution is a process of constant branching and expansion.
		STEPHEN JAY GOULD: It’s like flipping six heads in a row because he staggers five feet, but his movement is entirely random.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/gergen/november96/gould.htm (1822 words)

	Digital History
		Jay Gould considered himself to be most hated men in late-nineteenth century America.
		In an age of scandal and corruption, Jay Gould was regarded as a master of bribery and insider stock manipulation.
		When Gould was placed under the custody of a court officer for this illegal act, he bribed members of New York's legislature to change the law.
	www.digitalhistory.uh.edu /database/article_display.cfm?HHID=203 (420 words)

	Jay Gould : the greatest financer and the most powerful Robber Baron in American history
		I have uncovered many previously unknown (or, at least, unpublished) personal letters written by Gould, which reveal his character not to be the ‘Evil Incarnation of doom’, as the press portrayed him to the American public.
		In 1869 Gould and Fisk attempted to corner the gold supply of the United States; the scheme, which touched even the Presidency of General Grant, caused a massive depression in the country, which lasted several years.
		Jay Gould died in 1892, at the age of only 57.
	www.booneshares.com /JayGould.htm (1025 words)

	Arthur Jensen Replies to Steven Jay Gould
		The centrality of this theme for Gould is shown by his claim that he was inspired to write the book "because biological determinism is rising in popularity again, as it always does in times of political retrenchment." Hence, the book is primarily an attack on "biological determinism" as it applies to human mental ability.
		The essence of Gould's message in his two chapters on race and sex differences in brain size, and the relationship between brain size and intelligence is that craniometry served no valid scientific purpose, but was merely an expression of the prejudicial self- interest of comfortable white males.
		Gould writes: "Craniometric arguments lost much of their luster in our century, as determinists switched their allegiance to intelligence testing- amore "direct" path to the same invalid goal of ranking groups by mental worth- and as scientists exposed the prejudiced nonsense that dominated most literature on form and size of the head" (p.
	www.debunker.com /texts/jensen.html (7873 words)

	Amazon.com: The Dark Genius Of Wall Street: The Misunderstood Life of Jay Gould, King of the Robber Barons: Books: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Jay Gould did both of those things during the Gilded Age, when America's industrial capitalists used any means necessary to win their battles for competitive advantage.
		Gould was already using the letter of the law to his advantage as a teenager, but no one ever suggested at the time that he was anything but a shrewd businessman.
		Jay met his ambition, and his family enjoyed the resources of opulence; his victims suffered chaos and the destruction of families that must have resulted.
	www.amazon.com /Dark-Genius-Wall-Street-Misunderstood/dp/0465068855 (3454 words)

	The George Jay Gould Estate
		The health benefits of Lakewood enticed George Jay Gould, son of railroad magnate Jay Gould, to build Georgian Court in 1896.
		Edith and George Gould believed Lakewood would be an ideal spot in which to rear their two sons and four daughters.
		The Gould family could not have imagined the delight that the beauty of Georgian Court and its myriad treasures would afford an endless stream of visitors.
	www.georgian.edu /aboutgcc/gould.htm (301 words)

	Salon: Stephen Jay Gould
		To Stephen Jay Gould, that's not the half of it.
		Gould takes up a series of apparently unrelated and seemingly abstruse questions -- from the disappearance of the.400 batting average in recent decades to the likelihood of his own surviving an episode of stomach cancer -- and weaves them into an impassioned critique of the progressive view of evolution.
		On Gould's graph of the distribution of complexity among life forms (see illustration below), humanity exists at "the right tail," not the top of the heap.
	www.salon.com /weekly/interview960923.html (464 words)

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