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	Jay Lovestone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jay Lovestone (1897-1990) was at various times head of the Communist Party, leader of a small oppositionist party, and foreign policy advisor to the leadership of the AFL-CIO and various unions within it.
		Lovestone had, while within the Communist Party, played an active role in the Party's labor activities, primarily within the United Mine Workers, where the party supported the revolt against John L. Lewis's leadership led by John Brophy.
		Martin's and Lovestone's tactics, however, only succeeded in unifying all of the disparate groups in the leadership of the union at that time into a single coalition opposed to Martin and, unintentionally, enhancing the reputation of CP members within the union.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jay_Lovestone (1182 words)

	Jay Lovestone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Jay Lovestone, 1897 - 1990, born Jacob Liebstein in Lithuania, emigrated with his parentsin 1907 to New York's Lower East Side.
		During his brief period as leader of the CPUSA Lovestone was instrumental in expelling the followers of J.
		Lovestone and his friends had thought that they commanded the following of the mass of party members but on their attempt to found a new party, which they named the Communist Party (Opposition), they attracting only a few hundred people.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Jay_Lovestone.html (438 words)

	ILCA Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Lovestone, a New York City College graduate, became a Communist in 1917 at age 17, and rose to head the U.S. party, but was expelled in 1929 on Stalin’s orders at a Comintern meeting in Moscow, after demanding some independence for American communists.
		Lovestone’s grand mission, fully supported by Meany, Dubinsky and Woll, was to eliminate pro-communist unions everywhere, especially in countries under Soviet domination, and supplant them with “free” unions, American style, that respected the rules of a free market economy.
		Lovestone was on the lookout for people whom he could manipulate in future actions in their respective countries.
	www.ilcaonline.org /print.php?sid=953 (1935 words)

	A Covert Life: Jay Lovestone, Communist, Anti-Communist, and Spymaster - Covertaction.org
		Jay Lovestone was born Jacob Liebstein in 1897 to Orthodox Jewish parents who never felt quite at home in the bustling America whose political life their son helped shape.
		Lovestone became a spy and a spymaster, a schemer and a conspirator, a faction-fighter and a political insider-as well as a grand strategist who never doubted that the "final battle" would be between the communists and the ex-communists.
		Lovestone had been a leader of the American communist movement in the ‘20s and ‘30s (after graduating from City College of New York), first as a Party leader, and later, after he was removed and nearly killed on Stalin's orders, as a dissident.
	www.covertaction.org /content/view/101/75 (1119 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Berman spent some time discussing Lovestone's career in the post World War II period, boasting that even before the existence of the CIA, Lovestone and Irving Brown of the AFL had set up the first American effort to undermine European trade unions which were under the leadership of Communists.
		Although Lovestone played ball with the CIA, he kept his network of anti-Communist agents under the authority of the control of the International Department of the AFL and later, the AFL-CIO, a situation that continued until the departure of Lane Kirkland from the leadership of the AFL-CIO in 1995.
		During the same week that Reuther was attacking Lovestone's role in the international labor movement, delegates from auto workers unions in 14 countries met in Detroit to launch a different approach to international labor solidarity.
	www.pww.org /past-weeks-1999/Jay%20Lovestone.htm (567 words)

	Jay Lovestone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Jay Lovestone 1897 - 1990 born Jacob Liebstein in Lithuania.
		Despite Lovestone's opposition to Stalin Soviet archives after the fall of the USSR indicate Lovestone engaged in spying on behalf of the Soviet Union in hopes that he would one day rehabilitated by Moscow and restored to his position in the Communist Party USA.
		Lovestone was tapped by ILGWU and American Federation of Labor leader David Dubinsky to try to the rival Congress of Industrial Organizations and its affiliate the United Auto Workers.
	www.freeglossary.com /Jay_Lovestone (1267 words)

	Encyclopedia: Communist Party USA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		At the same Congress, Lovestone had impressed the leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union as a strong supporter of Nikolai Bukharin the general secretary of the Comintern.
		This was to have devastating consequences for Lovestone when, in 1929, Bukharin was on the losing end of a struggle with Stalin and was purged from his position on the Politburo and removed as head of the Comintern.
		Lovestone and Gitlow formed their own group called the Communist Party (Opposition), a section of the pro-Bukharin International Communist Opposition, which was initially larger than the Trotskyists but failed to survive past 1941.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Communist-Party-USA (11096 words)

	A Covert Life: Jay Lovestone Communist, Anti-Communist, and Spymaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Jay Lovestone, born Jacob Liebstein, cut his teeth as a youth in the leftist street culture of New York's Lower East Side.
		Lovestone lived a fairly reclusive life, shunning the spotlight that some of his more colorful colleagues and coconspirators, such as James Jesus Angleton and George Meany, craved.
		Although Morgan believes that his subject's anticommunist beliefs were genuine, one finishes A Covert Life with the conclusion that Lovestone's motivations lay in his obsessive love of political intrigue rather than the ideological passions that moved both the far left and extreme right for much of the 20th century.
	www.freeglossary.com /p:0679444009 (367 words)

	Jay Lovestone -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		When Bukharin was purged from the Soviet (The chief executive and political committee of the Communist Party) Politburo in 1929, Lovestone suffered the consequences.
		With Dubinsky's support, Lovestone went to work for Homer Martin, the embattled President of the (Click link for more info and facts about United Auto Workers) United Auto Workers, who was attempting to drive his political rivals out of the union by charging them with being communists.
		Lovestone had maintained his relationship with Dubinsky throughout this period; Dubinsky helped finance Martin's new union and worked for its affiliation with the (A federation of North American labor unions that merged with the Congress of Industrial Organizations in 1955) AFL.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/j/ja/jay_lovestone.htm (1060 words)

	A Fierce, Freedom-Loving Man by Elena Danielson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Jay Lovestone was one of the half-dozen most powerful men in the hidden American power structure during the Cold War period.
		In photographs in the Hoover Archives Lovestone’s unfamiliar face is shown with those of the movers and shakers of the postwar world: Lovestone with the pope, with Nixon, Meany, Adenauer, and Willi Brandt; Lovestone as the gray eminence behind Dean Rusk’s shoulder.
		Jay Lovestone’s opposition to the communist movement evolved from his firsthand experiences in the American Communist Party underground.
	www.hooverdigest.org /991/danielson.html (1194 words)

	National Interest, The: A Covert Life. Jay Lovestone: Communist, Anti-communist, and Spymaster - Review
		Lovestone liked to say that, "I may be wrong, but I'm never in doubt." Fortified by supreme confidence in the cold warrior's world-view, Lovestone fought communist influence wherever the opportunity arose, and spent little time agonizing over the tactics or alliances required for victory.
		Lovestone's early history was not dissimilar from other radical Jewish immigrants of the early twentieth century.
		Lovestone brought along a delegation of ten "ordinary American workers" to buttress his claim to leadership of the proletariat, and the Lovestoneites proved to be quite thoroughly American in their lack of respect for authority and their loyalty to their chosen leader.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2751/is_56/ai_55015120 (1398 words)

	Jay Lovestone American Bolshevik: Communist turned Democrat. - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Jay Lovestone is not only one of the oddest characters in the history of the American left but easily its most slippery.
		A renamed Jay Lovestone was one of the "City College Boys" who aspired in 1919 to lead the American Bolsheviks to victory.
		Jay Lovestone was born Jacob Liebstein in Lithuania in 1897, the year the Forward was founded.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=93943 (1408 words)

	International solidarity key for labor
		Later Lovestone moved into the UAW and became an advisor to Homer Martin who was later exposed as a Ford agent.
		Lovestone’s benefactor played a major role in getting George Meany elected national secretary-treasurer of the AFL – that’s the same George Meany who later boasted that he had never walked a picket line.
		Lovestone was assigned to a post in charge of literature but he remained Meany’s advisor and had real power on international affairs.
	www.pww.org /past-weeks-2001/International%20solidarity.htm (1286 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 98039514 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		As Lovestone veered away from Moscow, he came to work for the American Federation of Labor, managing a separate union foreign policy as well as maintaining his own intelligence operations for the CIA, many under the command of the legendary counterintelligence chief James Angleton.
		Lovestone also associated with Louise Page Morris, a spy known as "the American Mata Hari," who helped him undermine Communist advances in the developing world and whose own significant espionage career is detailed here.
		Lovestone's influence, always exercised from behind the scenes, survived to the end of the Cold War and the demise of the Soviet Union.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/random0412/98039514.html (380 words)

	Definition of Jay
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	www.wordiq.com /search/Jay (536 words)

	Commentary Magazine - A Covert Life by Ted Morgan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		...Ironically, in a classic case of the left and right hand of government acting out of sync, the FBI began investigating Lovestone in 1950 on the suspicion that he was a Soviet spy: his mail was intercepted and screened, his telephone was tapped, and he was tailed...
		...It is certainly true, as some of Lovestone's critics on the Left charged, that in advancing his cause, Lovestone the fanatical anti-Communist employed many of the manipulative tactics he had first learned in the Communist partyincluding the use of front organizations, factional warfare, and secret government funds...
		...Jay Lovestone the human being does not exactly come across as a warm or expansive type: although intensely loyal to those he worked with, he was also an acerbic, demanding, hypercritical workaholic with virtually no outside interests...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V107I4P58-1.htm (1309 words)

	Thomas Braden
		Lovestone's very extensive, and expensive, anti-communist operations in Europe were largely financed from money siphoned off from the Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Plan), which provided $13 billion to Western European nations between 1948 and 1950.
		But Lovestone, while complimenting the CIA for the assistance it had given the AFL in several emergency situations, still insisted that improvements had to be made in the relationship.
		Lovestone said that if the CIO were brought in, all their work would be placed in jeopardy.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /JFKbraden.htm (5170 words)

	Encyclopedia: CPUSA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Comintern was not happy with two Communist Parties and in January, 1920 dispatched an order that the two parties merge under the name United Communist Party.
		The factional infighting within the CPUSA did not end, however; the communist leadership of the New York locals of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union lost the 1926 strike of cloakmakers in New York City in large part because of intra-party factional rivalries.
		In the United States the principal impact of the Third Period was to end the CPUSA's efforts to organize within the AFL through the TUEL and to turn its efforts into organizing dual unions through the Trade Union Unity League.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/CPUSA (4759 words)

	Lovestone's Thin Red Line
		Lovestone viewed the aspiration of non-Communist leaders like Léon Jouhaux and British Laborites for a "Third Way"--leading labor and socialistic governments on a course independent of either superpower--as a heresy exceeded only by Communism.
		Lovestone himself, convinced until the end of his life that détente was only a Soviet ruse, became more and more of an anachronism, except of course in the hawkish command headquarters of the AFL-CIO.
		That strategy had already failed miserably, and we can even now wonder that a Jay Lovestone could wield so much power for so long, with so little support or even knowledge of those who paid the dues to keep the gold-plated offices shiny for their masters.
	www.thenation.com /docprint.mhtml?i=19990524&s=buhle (1675 words)

	Lovestone's Thin Red Line
		Lovestone and former college classmate Bertram Wolfe nevertheless had a good idea in "American Exceptionalism," the theory that capitalism had achieved here a certain stability, and consequently, Communists had to abandon their near-insurrectionary mentality for a nuanced program of tactical alliances.
		Lovestone, who had commanded the party from its own Star Chamber, gravely erred in thinking he could influence either the Comintern or the membership in New York, Chicago or Los Angeles.
		On orders from Dubinsky, Lovestone provided staff and personally oversaw an attempted palace coup and purge of the United Auto Workers; when that failed, he supported disgruntled ex-leader Homer Martin in an aborted effort to create a company-friendly (and lily-white, according to some followers) union for faithfully anti-CIO auto workers.
	www.thenation.com /doc.mhtml%3Fi=19990524&s=buhle (931 words)

	Communist Party USA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Comintern was not happy with two Communist Parties and in January, 1920 dispatched an order that the two parties, which consisted of about 12,000 members, merge under the name United Communist Party and to follow the party line established in Moscow.
		When Lovestone returned to the United States, he and his ally Benjamin Gitlow were purged despite holding the leadership of the party.
		From 1959 until 1989, when Gus Hall attacked the initiatives taken by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union, the Party received a substantial subsidy from the Soviet Union.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_Communist_Party (5749 words)

	Week In Review March 14, 2004
		In the late 1940s the Meany leadership of the AF of L brought on board a renegade former head of the Communist Party, Jay Lovestone, to coordinate labor foreign policy.
		Lovestone developed close ties with not only the State Department and employer groups but also the CIA.
		Lovestone soon figured out that there was even more gold to be had from Washington than had ever been made available to him by Moscow.
	www.kclabor.org /Week_in_review%203142004.htm (884 words)

	William Moriarty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		He was expelled from the party in 1930 as a supporter of the "Right Opposition", pro-Bukharin, Jay Lovestone current in the Comintern.
		He founded the Toronto based Marxian Educational League which was a branch of Lovestone's Communist Party (Opposition) and the International Communist Opposition.
		He was the M.E.L.'s delegate at the national Cooperative Commonwealth Federation convention that drafted the Regina Manifesto in 1933.
	william-moriarty.area51.ipupdater.com (180 words)

	Wikinfo \| Jay Lovestone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Jay Lovestone, 1897-1990, born Jacob Liebstein in Lithuania, emigrated with his parents ten years later to New York's Lower East Side.
		Within the AFL-CIO Lovestone was affiliatged with the International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU).
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.phtml?title=Jay_Lovestone (403 words)

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