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Topic: Jean Antoine Houdon

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	Biography
		Houdon created four different busts of Voltaire in addition to the renowned seated figure of him at the Comédie-Française, for which he made first studies shortly before the death of the aged philosopher in 1778.
		The most celebrated of Houdon's mythological works is his supple, elegant statue of Diana, first shown in 1777, although not at the Salon - possibly to avoid questions of propriety because of the artist's frank treatment of the life-size undraped figure.
		At the Salon of 1791 Houdon exhibited busts of the Marquis de Lafayette, Benjamin Franklin, the Count de Mirabeau, the banker Jacques Necker, and the astronomer J.-S. Bailly.
	www.wga.hu /bio/h/houdon/biograph.html (428 words)

	JEAN ANTOINE HOUDON - LoveToKnow Article on JEAN ANTOINE HOUDON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In Italy Houdon had lived in the presence of that second Renaissance with which the name of Winckelmann is associated, and the direct and simple treatment of the Morpheus which he sent to the Salon of 1771 bore witness to its influence.
		With Franklin, whose bust he had recently executed, Houdon left France in 1785, and, staying some time with Washington at Mount Vernon, he modelled the bust, with which he decided to go back to Paris, there to complete the statue destined for the capitol of the State of Virginia.
		After his return to his native country Houdon executed for the king of Prussia, as a companion to a statue of Summer, La Frileuse, a naif embodiment of shivering cold, which is one of his best as well as one of his best-known works.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HO/HOUDON_JEAN_ANTOINE.htm (530 words)

	Encyclopedia: Jean Antoine Houdon
		thomas Jefferson by jean Antoine Hudon1789 museum of fine arts, boston, massachusetts, USA The copyright status of this vintage image is undetermined; it may still be copyrighted.
		Jean Jacques Rousseau (June 28, 1712 â€“ July 2, 1778) was a Franco-Swiss philosopher, writer, political theorist, and self-taught composer of The Age of Enlightenment.
		In 1761 Houdon won the Prix de Rome, but he was not influenced greatly by the treasures of art in Rome.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Jean-Antoine-Houdon (865 words)

	Jean Antoine Houdon -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Jean-Antoine Houdon (March 20, 1741 - July 15, 1828) was a (The Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France) French (An artist who creates sculptures) sculptor.
		Jean-Antoine Houdon was born in (A city in north central France near Paris; site of the Palace of Versailles that was built by Louis XIV in the 17th century) Versailles.
		Jean Antoine Houdon died in Paris and was interred at the (Click link for more info and facts about Cimetière du Montparnasse) Cimetière du Montparnasse.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/j/je/jean_antoine_houdon.htm (149 words)

	Those Lips, Those Eyes... Jean-Antoine Houdon: Sculptor of the Enlightenment
		Houdon was the son of the concierge of the Ecole royale des eleves protégés; thus he grew up "at the feet of the Academy".
		For his part, the author of the Declaration of Independence saw the crucial importance of commissioning Houdon to give convincing pictorial form to both the character and achievements of his fellow founders, in works capable of conveying their personalities to succeeding generations.
		Houdon's marble bust, which established the primary iconography for Washington in Europe and America, is a masterpiece of introspection and soulfulness that offers us a much-needed third dimension to the image of the father of our country which we get from the Gilbert Stuart paintings.
	www.artcyclopedia.com /feature-2003-06.html (1569 words)

	The Washington Diplomat
		Houdon also believed that although artists should portray the truth, they should also edit that truth somewhat until the only things left are the most beautiful aspects of the subject.
		Houdon was a master at capturing the truth about his subjects’ personalities and souls, which is why his sculptures are not merely admirable and beautiful but also often moving and affecting.
		Houdon captures her from a performance of “Iphigenia.” In both the plaster version and the marble bust, there is an improbable, almost impossible amount of passion and soul in her—so much so that you might think the cool marble would almost be too hot to touch.
	www.washdiplomat.com /03-06/b3_03_06.html (747 words)

	Jean Antoine Houdon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Jean-Antoine Houdon (March 20, 1741 - July 15, 1828) was a French sculptor.
		He was out of favor during the French Revolution (although he escaped imprisonment), but came back into favor under Napoleon Bonaparte.
		Jean Antoine Houdon died in Paris and was interred at the Cimetière du Montparnasse.
	www.lighthousepoint.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Jean_Antoine_Houdon (207 words)

	National Gallery of Art \| Press Office
		Despite Houdon’s reputation as the foremost sculptor of the remarkable era that encompassed the American and French Revolutions, the Directoire, and the Empire, this is the first international exhibition devoted to his art.
		Houdon’s portraits established the primary iconography for Washington in Europe and America and were copied and imitated by many sculptors in the 19th century.
		To come as close as possible to the anatomical truth of his models, Houdon employed a rigorous system of measurements using calipers: his exactitude was demonstrated when the exhumed skull of Jones was compared with the head sculpted by Houdon, and the dimensions were identical.
	www.nga.gov /press/2003/exhibitions/167 (1844 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Jean-Antoine Houdon
		One of Houdon's first efforts, a work he never surpassed, was the heroic statue of St. Bruno for the church of Sta Maria degli Angeli.
		On his return to Paris, Houdon sent his "Morpheus" to the Salon of 1771 and, owing to it, was made an associate of the Academy, becoming a full member in 1775.
		Appointed teacher at the Academy, Houdon presented to it, for the use of the students, his well-known "Ecorché", the human figure stripped of its skin to show the muscles and tendons uncovered; this is still used in most art schools.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07499a.htm (755 words)

	Bust of Biré (New Acquisitions at the Getty)
		Made at the height of Houdon's career, the bust was recently rediscovered after it disappeared from public view following the Salon of 1785.
		Houdon's exacting attention to realism gave his sculptures a lifelike quality.
		To precisely render each sitter's likeness, Houdon measured the head and face with calipers and usually made a plaster "life mask" for reference.
	getty.museum /art/acquisitions/houdon.html (271 words)

	Jean-Antoine Houdon
		Houdon is universally recognized as the greatest European portrait sculptor of the last half of the 18th century.
		This exhibition focuses on Houdon's greatest fully documented sculptures, in some instances showing terracotta, plaster, and marble versions of the same portrait.
		Only in the period of 1777-1778 Houdon executed circa 40 busts with an excellent knowledge of anatomy and strong psychological expression.
	www.stylusart.com /noticias/houdon/houdonen.htm (318 words)

	The State Hermitage Museum: Collection Highlights
		The figure of Voltaire seated in a chair is the most vivid and polished of all Houdon's sculptural portraits of the famed writer and philosopher.
		Voltaire posed for the master not long before his death and is here portrayed as a frail old man, and yet the sculptor managed to convey the inner fire which burned on within Voltaire until the very last days of his life.
		Houdon was able to reproduce the smooth and shining surface of the fabric, the deep wrinkles on the face, the dryness of the old man's fingers, and his piercing gaze.
	www.hermitagemuseum.org /html_En/03/hm3_3_3_3c.html (149 words)

	Jean-Antoine Houdon: Sculptor of the Enlightenment - J. Paul Getty Center - Absolutearts.com
		More than 70 Houdon sculptures, created in marble, bronze, terracotta, and plaster, have been brought together for the first time in nearly two centuries, demonstrating the remarkable degree of insight and physical accuracy that the sculptor incorporated into his art.
		Focusing on Houdon's key fully documented sculptures, the exhibition features vivid portraits of the prominent intellectual, political, and military figures of the Enlightenment—including leaders of the American Revolution—as well as charming portraits of children and works depicting allegorical and mythological subjects.
		Houdon's busts and statues, full of vitality and brimming with personality, have helped shape the modern-day view of such Enlightenment heroes as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Voltaire, Molière, Denis Diderot, and many others.
	www.absolutearts.com /artsnews/2003/11/05/31512.html (802 words)

	Software for Collectors: Books: Jean-Antoine Houdon : Sculptor of the Enlightenment, Collecting Sculpture
		Jean-Antoine Houdon (1741-1826) has long been recognized as the greatest European portrait sculptor of the late eighteenth century, flourishing during both the American and French Revolutions as well as during the Directoire and Empire in France.
		Houdon's genius animated even his less illustrious subjects, like his portraits of his family and friends, and filled his sculptures of children with delicacy and freshness.
		Accompanying the images of Houdon's masterworks are four insightful essays that discuss Houdon's views on art (based in part on a newly discovered manuscript written by the artist) as well as his prominence in the highly varied cultures of eighteenth-century France, Germany, and Russia.
	www.primasoft.com /book_collecting/collecting_sculpture_book_14.htm (543 words)

	Treasure of the Month - February 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Antoine was executed and Anne-Marie only escaped death by claiming she was pregnant.
		Houdon has skilfully exploited the lustrous qualities of the marble, the various dark flaws of which serve to enliven its surface.
		Sérilly’s beauty is enhanced by the subtle turn of her head and the sensuous fall of her locks onto smooth skin (she reputedly had clear, pale skin, chestnut hair and grey eyes).
	www.wallacecollection.org /c/w_a/t_m/m/feb_02.htm (654 words)

	Antoine Houdon Biography / Biography of Antoine Houdon Biography Biography
		The portrait busts by the French sculptor Jean Antoine Houdon (1741-1828) are among the greatest of all time.
		Jean Antoine Houdon was born on March 20, 1741, at Versailles, in the house of a rich nobleman for whom his father worked as caretaker; his mother's family were peasants and gardeners.
		Later, when Houdon won a fellowship to the French Academy, his teachers included the painter Carle Vanloo and François Dandré Bardon, the historian of ancient Rome.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-antoine-houdon (238 words)

	Magazine Antiques: Houdon - Current and Coming - Jean-Antoine Houdon, sculpture, National Gallery of Art, Washington, ...
		The French sculptor Jean Antoine Houdon, who Thomas Jefferson thought was "unrivaled in Europe," is still considered to have been the finest sculptor in Europe during the Enlightenment.
		Houdon's oeuvre is fascinating for the penetrating and accurate likenesses he created of many of the most important figures of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.
		During the French Revolution Houdon was forced to move out of the studio that he had worked in for decades, but under Napoleon he was rehabilitated and received official commissions.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1026/is_5_163/ai_101530814 (742 words)

	Portrait bust of Christoph Willibald von Gluck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The presence and realism of this terracotta representation of the composer Christoph Willibald von Gluck, (1714 -1787) by Jean Antoine Houdon are a tribute both to the abilities of the sculptor and to the musician he commemorates.
		Such honest depictions of sitters are a rarity in an era when artists were influenced by the smooth tones and elegant lines of classical statuary and clearly, Houdon sought to depict his contemporary as he was known to those in musical circles.
		Houdon exhibited widely at the Paris Salons throughout his career where a plaster bust of Gluck is recorded as having been displayed in 1775.
	www.historicalportraits.com /p_view.asp?ID=2A6160A5D0E511D4AD6B00104B458180 (570 words)

	Jean-Antoine Houdon (Getty Museum) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Jean-Antoine Houdon studied in Paris under such sculptors as Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne and Jean-Baptiste Pigalle.
		Skilled in marble, bronze, plaster, and clay, Houdon became a member of the Académie Royale in 1771 and a professor in 1778.
		In 1785, at the request of Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin, Houdon crossed the Atlantic.
	www.getty.edu /art/collections/bio/a540-1.html (214 words)

	Jean-antoine Houdon (1741 - 1828) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		Houdon visited the United States in 1785 at the request of Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin where he spent fourteen days at Mount Vernon creating a statue of George Washington.
		Jean Antoine Houdon - Bust of Anne-Marie-Louise Thomas de Domageville de Serilly, Comtesse de Pange n.d.
		More than 70 Houdon sculptures, created in marble, bronze, terracotta, and plaster, have been brought together for the first time in nearly two centuries, demonstrating the remarkable degree of insight and physical accuracy that the sculptor incor...
	wwar.com /masters/h/houdon-jean-antoine.html (661 words)

	The State Hermitage Museum: Collection Highlights
		The Academic style of the late 17th and early 18th centuries is represented by bronze models of celebrated monumental works, the most important is a model of the famous equestrian statue of Louis XIV by Francois Girardon; the statue was destroyed during the French Revolution (1789-1793), and is now known only through surviving models.
		The foremost French sculptor of the 18th century, Jean-Antoine Houdon, was much admired by Catherine the Great, who commissioned from him portraits of the great French philosopher Voltaire, of which the marble statue of Voltaire seated (1781) is rightly regarded as a masterpiece.
		Houdon's contemporary Claude Michel, known as Clodion, produced a number of fine reliefs, among them Bacchanalia and The Death of St Cecilia.
	www.hermitagemuseum.org /html_En/03/hm3_3_3_3.html (479 words)

	Houdon, Jean-Antoine -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Houdon began sculpturing at the age of nine and underwent the…
		A French rococo artist whose charming and graceful paintings show his interest in theater and ballet, Antoine Watteau is probably best known for his fêtes galantes.
		The H.D. Lee Mercantile Company was the first manufacturer to introduce jeans with a zipper fly.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9041181 (676 words)

	AllRefer.com - Jean-Antoine Houdon (European Art, 1600 To The Present, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Jean-Antoine Houdon, European Art, 1600 To The Present, Biographies
		He succeeded not only in creating sculptural documents of his time, but in developing a type of portraiture remarkable for its elegance, measured realism, and depiction of individuality.
		Houdon exerted a strong influence over European and American sculptors for several generations.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/Houdon-J.html (320 words)

	Jean Antoine Houdon
		HOUDON, Jean Antoine (oo-don'), French sculptor, born in Versailles, France, 20 March, 1740; died in Paris, 15 July, 1828.
		In 1785 he accompanied Franklin to the United States to prepare a model for the statue of Washington which had been ordered by the state of Virginia, and passed two weeks at Mount Vernon for that purpose.
		Among Houdon's later works were busts of Napoleon and Josephine, and other celebrities of the first empire, and the noted statue of Cicero in the palace of the Luxembourg.
	www.famousamericans.net /jeanantoinehoudon (477 words)

	Diana by HOUDON, Jean-Antoine
		Houdon received his earliest training in apprenticeship to Michelangelo Slodtz; he then went to the École des Élèves Protégés in Paris, before spending four years in Rome.
		The idea for a statue of Diana leaving for the hunt was conceived in 1776.
		In the bronze version in the Louvre, the tuft of rushes used as a support for the marble statue could be eliminated, enabling Houdon to accentuate the lightness of the figure, which is entirely classical in inspiration.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /html/h/houdon/diana.html (159 words)

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