Jean Baptiste Lamarck

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	Jean-Baptiste Lamarck - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lamarck is however remembered today mainly in connection with a discredited theory of heredity, the "inheritance of acquired traits" (see Lamarckism).
		Lamarck was born in Bazentin-le-Petit, Picardy on 1st August, 1744.
		Lamarck saw spontaneous generation as being ongoing, with the simple organisms thus created being transmuted over time (by his mechanism) becoming more complex and closer to some notional idea of perfection.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck (770 words)

	Lamarck - MSN Encarta
		According to Lamarck, once nature formed life, the arrangement of all subsequent forms of life was the result of time and environment interacting with the organization of organic beings.
		Lamarck's theoretical observations on evolution, referred to as transformism or transmutation in the early 19th century, preceded his extensive observational work on invertebrates.
		While Lamarck's contributions to science include work in meteorology, botany, chemistry, geology, and paleontology, he is best known for his work in invertebrate zoology and his theoretical work on evolution.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761557486 (544 words)

	Rocky Road: Lamarck
		Where Lamarck's theory fell short was in his supposition that parents could pass on acquired characteristics, e.g., a longer neck developed by a lifetime of stretching to eat from higher branches.
		Lamarck quickly began reorganizing, and among his many new classifications, he split the group of worms into annelids (such as earthworms) and flatworms (such as tapeworms).
		Lamarck has been largely laughed out of the textbooks for proposing a bad theory, but he may have been too easily dismissed.
	www.strangescience.net /lamarck.htm (678 words)

	Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)
		Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck was born on August 1, 1744, in the village of Bazentin-le-Petit in the north of France.
		Lamarck's scientific theories were largely ignored or attacked during his lifetime; Lamarck never won the acceptance and esteem of his colleagues Buffon and Cuvier, and he died in poverty and obscurity.
		Today, the name of Lamarck is associated merely with a discredited theory of heredity, the "inheritance of acquired traits." However, Charles Darwin, Lyell, Haeckel, and other early evolutionists acknowledged him as a great zoologist and as a forerunner of evolution.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /history/lamarck.html (1669 words)

	Lamarck (1744 - 1829)
		However, Jean was not inclined to the ministry, and when his father died in 1760 Lamarck quit his Jesuit college, bought himself a horse, and rode away to join the French army in their campaign near Fissinghausen, Germany.
		Lamarck's books and the contents of his home were sold at auction, and he was buried in a temporary lime-pit whose remains were exhumed every five years or so, to be piled up in the Paris catacombs, anonymously and without dignity, alongside those of the impoverished, vagrant and unnamed dead.
		Lamarck's theory was not generally accepted in his lifetime, and Cuvier, his colleague at the Museum, appears to have done as much as he could to undermine Lamarck and any ideas about transformism.
	www.victorianweb.org /science/lamarck1.html (2283 words)

	chronology report
		Jean Baptiste Lamarck was born in the village of Bazentin-le-Petit in northern France on August 1,1744.
		Jean Baptiste Lamarck was one of the first people to propose a theory of evolution to the public.
		Lamarck was appointed to the professorship of the natural history of insects and worms.
	www.udayton.edu /~hume/Lamarck/lamarck.htm (2488 words)

	Nonsense in schoolbooks: 'The Imaginary Lamarck'
		Lamarck, however, tried to explain everything in strictly materialistic terms, with body fluids acting in ways that were vaguely analogous to the movement of air in the atmosphere or the movement of water within the earth.
		Lamarck's idea about giraffes -- that their necks grew longer as they stretched for distant leaves, and that their elongated necks were inherited by their offspring -- has been cited and illustrated in one schoolbook after another, to the point of utter tedium.
		Lamarck did not originate the idea of organic evolution (a concept that dates from ancient times), did not originate any ideas to explain why evolution happens, and did not originate the doctrine that acquired characteristics could be inherited.
	www.textbookleague.org /54marck.htm (2837 words)

	Evolution: Library: Jean Baptiste Lamarck
		Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) is one of the best-known early evolutionists.
		Jean Baptiste Lamarck argued for a very different view of evolution than Darwin's.
		Although the name "Lamarck" is now associated with a discredited view of evolution, the French biologist's notion that organisms inherit the traits acquired during their parents' lifetime had common sense on its side.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/evolution/library/02/3/l_023_01.html (389 words)

	Untitled Document
		Jean Baptiste Pierre-Antoine de Monet de Lamarck was born in Bazentin-le-Petit, Picardy, France on August 1, 1744.
		Lamarck's entry into the zoology field was followed by publications and the development of his own theory of evolution.
		With a small salary, Lamarck also taught classes and in 1793 after the Jardin des Plantes was reorganized as the French Museum of Natural History Lamarck became a professor of zoology where he studied invertebrates and paleontology.
	www.humboldt.edu /~histbio/Wakeman/About.htm (590 words)

	52.html
		Lamarck was ahead of most scientists of his time for believing in mutability (the ability of a species to change in physiology) at all.
		Lamarck’s most famous example is that of a giraffe stretching its neck in its lifetime in order to reach leaves on tall trees.
		Lamarck, along with Georges Cuvier, with whom he studied fossils and invertebrates, invented the field of paleontology and re-classified invertebrates.
	www.priweb.org /ed/ICTHOL/ICTHOL02_peer_review_papers/52.html (843 words)

	Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
		The character of Lamarck as a naturalist is remarkable alike for its excellences and its defects.
		To the general reader the name of Lamarck is chiefly interesting on account of his theory of the origin of life and of the diversities of animal forms.
		Moreover, Lamarck was the first to distinguish vertebrate from invertebrate animals by the presence of a vertebral column, and among the Invertebrata to found the groups Crustacea, Arachnida and Annelida.
	www.nndb.com /people/275/000057104 (1180 words)

	Lamarck
		If Lamarck was to be shut out by his colleagues as the eighteenth century drew to a close because of his musings about a general physico-chemical system of nature, he would continue to be excluded and derided in the nineteenth century because of his general theories concerning the origin ant development of life.
		Lamarck was clear that the changes induced in any individual organism would be minute, and that, therefore, a great amount of time would be necessary for the species to develop a new characteristic.
		Lamarck was true to the physical and chemical parameters that he had early concluded were the determining ones.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/fgregory/Lamarck.htm (5434 words)

	jean
		Jean Baptiste Lamarck died in 1829 as a common poor man. He was not even given his own grave but rather a rented one was allotted to him.
		Jean Baptiste Lamarck was born in a small village in Northern France called Bazentin-le-Petit in 1744.
		But Lamarck took on the challenge and as a result was able to create new taxonomic classifications of species and even spawning a new interesting area of scientific study.
	dragon.zoo.utoronto.ca /~inx411/jean.html (505 words)

	BrainConnection.com - Charles Darwin and the Theory of Evolution - Page 4
		It was Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, however, a turn-of-the-nineteenth-century French scientist—and the creator of the very term "biology"—whose ideas about evolution, published in 1809, proved to be the frame upon which Darwin's evolution was to be built.
		Lamarck's theory was based on a sort of ladder of evolution, leading from those invertebrate species on the lowest rung—sponges one could barely call animals—up an ever ascending line of species, all the way to the top, where man comfortably stood as master.
		Lamarck's vision of evolution was an attempt to answer the question of how new species are formed.
	www.brainconnection.com /topics?main=fa/darwin4 (653 words)

	Lamarck - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste (1744-1829), French botanist and invertebrate zoologist who formulated one of the earliest theories of evolution.
		Can a giraffe lengthen its neck by reaching for food, and then pass on this longer neck to its offspring?
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Lamarck.html (67 words)

	Ockham's Razor - 01/11/1998: Lamarck's Signature
		And one of the great scientific Mavericks of history was Jean Baptiste Lamarck, a French aristocrat who provided one of the more unconventional theories of evolution, you know, the one that says giraffes' necks get longer as they stretch for food, and the neck extension gets passed to baby giraffes.
		Lamarck assumed that bodily characteristics acquired in the parents by use or disuse of a tissue or organ system reacting to a sustained environmental stimulus could be inherited by the offspring.
		Lamarck is thus one of the founding fathers of modern biology and evolutionary thinking.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/science/ockham/stories/s14075.htm (1900 words)

	Natural History: A Division of Worms - Jean Baptiste Lamarck's contributions to evolutionary theory - Part One
		Lamarck fully repaid the confidence invested in his general biological abilities by publishing distinguished works in the taxonomy of invertebrates throughout the remainder of his career, culminating in the seven volumes of his comprehensive Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres (Natural history of invertebrate animals), published between 1815 and 1822.
		Lamarck had been an avid shell collector and student of mollusks (then classified within Linnaeus's large and heterogeneous category of Vermes, or worms)--qualifications deemed sufficient for his shift from botany.
		Lamarck then published this short discourse in 1801, as the first part of his treatise on invertebrate animals, Systeme des animaux sans vertebres (System of invertebrate animals).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1134/is_1_108/ai_53682801 (298 words)

	lamarck
		Lamarck explained the evolution of the long necks of giraffes as having occurred by the stress and strain of reaching their necks high into trees for food.
		Although Lamarck was not the first person to propose the idea of evolution, he was the first person to propose a method for the working of evolution.
		Lamarck's Principle of use and disuse is generally considered to be on target, but his Principle of inheritance of acquired characteristics is simply not true.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /llpellegrini/lamarck.html (354 words)

	Lamarck - World of Biography
		Born in rural France, Lamarck discontinued at an early stage, careers at the church, the army, the bank and in music – for botany.
		Lamarck’s works were largely ignored or attacked during his lifetime.
		The man who coined the word biologie (biology) and one of its pioneers was French scientist Lamarck.
	www.top-biography.com /9100-Lamarck (269 words)

	Lefalophodon: J. B. P. A. de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck
		Lamarck's arrogance, wordiness, political isolation, and reputation for wild theorizing left him with few allies before his death, but later in the century he was perceived as perhaps even more important than Darwin as a founder of evolutionary biology.
		Lamarck was a prodigious taxonomist and wrote lengthy, poorly received theoretical discourses on mineralogy and meterology, but is best known for his sweeping evolutionary theory, which he developed shortly after 1800.
		Lamarck called for spontaneous generation of numerous lineages that evolved under the influence of vital fluids up one or a few scales of complexity.
	www.nceas.ucsb.edu /~alroy/lefa/Lamarck.html (267 words)

	Early Concepts of Evolution: Jean Baptiste Lamarck
		Lamarck was struck by the similarities of many of the animals he studied, and was impressed too by the burgeoning fossil record.
		Lamarck started his scientific career as a botanist, but in 1793 he became one of the founding professors of the Musee National d'Histoire Naturelle as an expert on invertebrates.
		Lamarck was mocked and attacked by Cuvier and many other naturalists of his day.
	evolution.berkeley.edu /evolibrary/article/0_0_0/history_09 (713 words)

	Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine - Bright Sparcs Biographical entry
		Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine (1744- 1829)
		Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine - Bright Sparcs Biographical entry
		Jean Baptiste P. Lamark was appointed botanist to the French king in 1781 and from 1793 was professor of invertebrate zoology at the Museum of Natural History, Paris.
	www.asap.unimelb.edu.au /bsparcs/biogs/P002134b.htm (114 words)

	Jean Baptist de Lamarck
		Lamarck did not really explain the origin of this ladder, nor did he acknowledge the possibility of a species becoming extinct.
		Until the late nineteenth century, it was generally believed that characteristics acquired by organisms in response to the conditions of life or as a result of their own habits could be inherited by their descendents, and both Lamarck and Darwin shared this general opinion.
		In Lamarck's view organic beings constituted a ladder of life from simplest to complex animals, with humans at the top rung.
	www.kheper.net /evolution/Lamarck.htm (295 words)

	Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck: Tutte le informazioni su Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck su Encyclopedia.it
		Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, vero nome Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet cavaliere di Lamarck (Bazentin le Petit, 1 agosto 1744- Parigi, 28 dicembre 1829),è stato un noto naturalista e biologo francese del XIX secolo; coniò verso la fine del 1700 il termine biologia.
		Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck: Tutte le informazioni su Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck su Encyclopedia.it
		Lamarck elaborò teorie scientifiche, peraltro successivamente non avallate appieno, sul tema dello sviluppo e della evoluzione.
	www.encyclopedia.it /j/je/jean-baptiste_de_lamarck.html (93 words)

	Jean-Baptiste Lamarck - Wikipedia
		Tumbuhan kaktus yang hidup dengan tegar di sepanjang gurun Afrika merupakan hasil manisfestasi daripada proses adaptasi terhadap lingkungan gurun, demikian teori evolusi Lamarck yang luar biasa itu.
		Jean Baptisct Lamareck merupakan fenomena evolusi dalam perkembangan ilmu biologi.
	ms.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck (67 words)

	Evolution: Library: Zoological Philosophy
		Lamarck was convinced that species evolved, but he was wrong about the process by which this evolution occurred.
		Some of his observations about the influence of the environment on organisms and the use and disuse of organs affecting their development did have an element of truth.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/evolution/library/02/3/l_023_02.html (84 words)

	Vermes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vermes ("worms") is an obsolete taxon used by Carolus Linnaeus and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck for all non-arthropod invertebrate animals.
		For other uses of the term, see Vermes, Switzerland.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vermes (247 words)

	Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Biography / Biography of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck World of Biology Biography
		Jean Baptiste Lamarck was born on August 1, 1744, in the village of Bazentin-le-Petit in northern France.
		Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Biography / Biography of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck World of Biology Biography
		in Jean-Baptiste Lamarck World of Biology Biography and
	www.bookrags.com /biography-jean-baptiste-lamarck-wob (261 words)

	EGU - Jean Baptiste Lamarck Medal
		The Jean Baptiste Lamarck Medal is established by the Division on Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Paleontology in recognition of the scientific achievement of Jean Baptiste Lamarck.
		The medal will be awarded each year, alternating between the three subdivisions, so that each third year a Stratigrapher, Sedimentologist or Paleontologist will be awarded.
	www.copernicus.org /EGU/awards/jean_baptiste_lamarck_overview.html (65 words)

	Chevalier de Lamarck
		Lamarck believed that all species derived their energy from heat and electricity; the more primitive species, he argued, relied on their environment and their behavior was therefore
		Since Lamarck first envisioned evolution as a progression from less to more complex organisms, his notion of progression was represented as a straight line.
		The most familiar example of this theory is giraffes: Lamarck suggested that giraffes who, through stretching to reach tall trees, make their necks longer, would then pass on longer necks to their offspring.
	www.english.upenn.edu /Projects/knarf/People/lamarck.html (478 words)

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