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Topic: Jean Buridan

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16th century

CALABARZON

	BURIDAN, JEAN. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Buridan promoted the theory of impetus, arguing that a projectile continues in motion not, as Aristotle held, because it is supported by the surrounding air, but because of the force transmitted to it by the object that launched it.
		Buridan’s theory of the will was that choice is determined by the greater good and that the freedom a person possesses is the power to suspend choice and reconsider motives for action.
		Traditionally but almost certainly erroneously he is supposed to have used the simile of “Buridan’s ass”—an unfortunate animal midway between two identical bundles of hay and starving to death because it cannot choose between them.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/bu/Buridan.html (123 words)

	Jean Buridan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jean Buridan, following in the footsteps of John Philoponus, proposed that motion was maintained by some property of the body, imparted when it was set in motion.
		Buridan further held that the impetus of a body increased with the speed with which it was set in motion, and with its quantity of matter.
		Buridan used the theory of impetus to give an accurate qualitative account of the motion of projectiles but he ultimately saw his theory as a correction to Aristotle, maintaining core peripatetic beliefs including a fundamental qualitative difference between motion and rest.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jean_Buridan (638 words)

	John Buridan (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Buridan applied these analytical techniques so successfully in his metaphysics, physics, and ethics that, for many of his successors, they came to be identified with the very method of philosophy, understood as a secular practice, i.e., as distinct from theology.
		Buridan sees that it is misleading to assign a special logical sense to terms being used to refer to themselves or to the concepts they express, as if this were any different from figurative or metaphorical usage, since only terms that refer to things existing per se are being used in their proper sense.
		Buridan's account of motion is in keeping with his approach to natural science, which is empirical in the sense that it emphasizes the evidentness of appearances, the reliability of a posteriori modes of reasoning, and the application of naturalistic tropes or models of explanation (such as the concept of impetus) to a variety of phenomena.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/buridan (9264 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Buridan applied these analytical techniques so successfully in his metaphysics, physics, and ethics that, for many of his successors, they came to be identified with the very method of philosophy, understood as a secular practice.
		Buridan’s death was a result of being thrown into the Seine River in a sack by the orders of the King of France after a supposed scandalous affair with the Queen.
		Buridan was, as Zupko states, “committed to a vision of philosophy as a secular enterprise beginning from what is evident to the senses and intellect, as opposed to theology, which begins from non-evident truths revealed in scripture and doctrine.” (John Buridan: Portrait of a 14th-Century Arts Master)
	www.smcm.edu /users/mlshakan/Bio.htm (488 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Jean Buridan
		Still better known is the phrase "Buridan's Ass", which refers to the "case" of a hungry donkey placed between two loads of hay, equal as to quantity and quality and equally distant.
		The "case" is not found in Buridan's writings (though the problem it proposes is to be found in Aristotle), and may well have been invented by an opponent to show the absurdity of Buridan's doctrine.
		Buridan, therefore, maintains that in a conflict of motives the stronger motive always prevails—the will is "determined" by the strongest motive.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03078a.htm (671 words)

	John Buridan (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Spring 2003 Edition)
		Buridan often lectured more than once on the same text over the course of his career, with the result that we sometimes have different written versions of his commentary on the same work.
		Buridan sees that it is misleading to assign a special logical sense to terms being used to refer to themselves or to the concepts they express, as if this were any different from figurative or metaphorical uses, since only terms that refer to things existing per se are being used in their proper sense.
		Buridan seems to have been a philosopher who, though he was well aware of the shortcomings of the Aristotelian natural philosophy, tried to reshape as much of it as he could in the face of an increasingly mechanistic worldview.
	www.science.uva.nl /~seop/archives/spr2003/entries/buridan (9040 words)

	Chaos, metastability, and Buridan's donkey.
		We recall the philosophical story of Buridan's donkey (or ass, dog, etc), who, when faced with two equally appealing bales of hay (or barley and oats, or carrots) could not make up its mind which to eat and so died of starvation.
		The purpose of this brief page is to put the Buridan's donkey paradox of metastability into the context of the theory of dynamical systems which exhibit deterministic chaos, and to make a link with the Zeno paradox which is also concerned with the calculus, limit points, and the representation of numbers.
		Buridan's donkey is postulated to sit at a limit point, which is in every respect similar to the limit of the sequence of intervals in Zeno's paradox.
	www.ee.surrey.ac.uk /Personal/D.Jefferies/donkey.html (720 words)

	Jean Buridan Summary
		But Buridan took the point a great deal further, producing an amazingly accurate hypothesis regarding impetus: that one object imparts to another a certain amount of power, in proportion to its velocity and mass, that causes the second object to move a certain distance.
		In the realm of philosophy, Buridan was primarily concerned with the same issues of epistemology as his teacher, Ockham, though the two reputedly came to a parting of the ways on certain issues.
		Buridan's most important philosophical argument sprang from a discussion of Aristotle's De caelo (On the heavens), and borrows the image of a dog used by the Greek philosopher to make a point in that book.
	www.bookrags.com /Jean_Buridan (1007 words)

	Jean Buridan
		Jean Buridan, in Latin Joannes Buridanus, French philosopher, was born at Béthune in Artois between 1297 and 1300.
		In philosophy Buridan was a rationalist, and followed Ockham in denying all objective reality to universals, which he regarded as mere words.
		The aim of his logic is represented as having been the devising of rules for the discovery of syllogistic middle terms; this system for aiding slow-witted persons became known as the pons asinorum.
	www.nndb.com /people/240/000102931 (392 words)

	Buridan's Ass about
		Buridan's Ass refers to a Medieval paradox concerning the logic of rationality and freewill.
		Jean Buridan was a 14th-century French philosopher and physicist (c.1295-1356), whose account of freewill was later parodied with the following paradox:
		For Buridan, freewill entailed the ability to withhold judgment indefinitely due to lack of certainty.
	www.buridansass.com /index.php?/buridan/about (335 words)

	Impetus Force
		Buridan gave this hypothetical force of Philoponus the name "impetus" which depends upon both the speed and the quantity of the mass in a body.
		Buridan also used his theory of impetus to explain the behavior of falling bodies.
		Unlike many of Galileo's contemporaries, Buridan claimed that rocks accelerate as they fall, but like Aristotle, he wrongly assumed that a falling object acquired a velocity proportional to its weight.
	members.tripod.com /~jimmar/index-6.html (3563 words)

	Miscellany About Buridan. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		John (Jean) Buridan was a 14th century (ca.
		Buridan's most significant accomplishment is his Summulae de Dialectica.
		Buridan created his own theory of, "The meaning of truth." His theoretical roots lie in Western classical thought; however, he breaks ranks with portions of classical thinking in several ways.
	www.quantonics.com /Miscellany_About_Buridan.html (176 words)

	Buridan Jean - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Buridan Jean - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Freedom of the will has necessarily been a concern of metaphysicians, who attempt to formulate theories explaining the nature of ultimate, universal...
		Bernoulli, Johann (1667–1748), Swiss mathematician, younger brother of Jakob, and tenth child of his parents (also known as Jean or John).
	au.encarta.msn.com /Buridan_Jean.html (96 words)

	Philosophical Dictionary: Bradley-Butler
		His commentaries on Aristotle's theory of action made famous the predicament involved in choosing (as must "Buridan's ass") between two equally attractive alternatives.
		Although he defended nominalism as a solution to the problem of universals, Buridan rejected the extreme version developed by his teacher, Ockham.
		Jean Buridan's Logic: The Treatise on Supposition, the Treatise on Consequences
	www.philosophypages.com /dy/b9.htm (702 words)

	time: a novel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		From their meeting in the first chapter while waiting to cross the street, the two attempt to dine together, a task which will end up taking them the entire day, and which they appear to be off to finally consummating as the novel ends (not to spoil the ending, or anything).
		Jean scribbled on the receipt and handed it to the man. "You know, I'm less and less sure as I go.
		The book is interspersed with chapters from a second novel, one which Jean is rumoured to have written, though not as of yet.
	www.sanemagazine.com /time.html (297 words)

	Book Proposal 2nd Part - Modification of Einstein's E=mc2
		Practically it is same as Jean Buridan’s law in slightly elaborated form.
		It must be noted that essence of above three doctrines is the same, but only difference is that Buridan’s theory there is no direct mention that if no force acts on the body then it remains in the state of rest.
		Jean Buridan, in case he wanted to include and acknowledge the ideas in the
	www.mrelativity.net /Papers/8/SharmaBPP2.htm (6943 words)

	[No title]
		Q.10 What is mathematical basis for Jean Buridan’s Impetus doctrine, Galileo’s law of Inertia or Newton First law of motion.
		Q.10 What is mathematical basis for Jean Buridan’s Impetus Law, Galileo’s law of inertia or Newton First law of motion.
		But Buridan is not credited properly for his pioneering contribution in the existing literature.
	www.wbabin.net /ajay/faqs.htm (14617 words)

	sanemagazine: wonderful rubbish
		They were the sort of issues that mentioned a novel (or two), that hadn't been written yet, and, due to popular demand (all right, demand of one or two people, in the case of one of them), one of them got written.
		Time, a novel (subtitled "Jean Buridan is Throwing Things Again") didn't exactly storm the literary world.
		But the bulk of them were incredibly gracious and sometimes even amused upon our reply that our Buridan studies didn't go much further than what we needed to make a few lame jokes about gravity and the Earth being the center of the Universe.
	www.sanemagazine.com /now258.html (586 words)

	The BURIDAN planner
		Instead of terminating when it builds a plan that provably achieves the goal, our planner terminates when it builds a plan that is sufficiently likely to succeed: our algorithm produces a plan such that the probability of the plan achieving the goal exceeds a user-supplied probability threshold, if such a plan exists.
		Second, we describe an implemented algorithm, named after Jean Buridan, for probabilistic planning.
		Long (Artificial Intelligence, 76:239-86) and short (AAAI-94, pp 1073-8) papers describing BURIDAN are available.
	www.cs.washington.edu /ai/buridan (326 words)

	Buridan, Jean - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Traditionally but almost certainly erroneously he is supposed to have used the simile of "Buridan's ass" —an unfortunate animal midway between two identical bundles of hay and starving to death because it cannot choose between them.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Buridan, Jean" at HighBeam.
		More information is at your fingertips at HighBeam Research:
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-buridan.html (287 words)

	Theories of Jean Buridan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		One of Jean Buridan's theories are linked to physics/ science.
		The body is the original force, but when the force stops the body still moves.
		RESOURCES: The Web site that has PHY100F-The Magic of Physics and the Web site 'washington.edu' titled: "Jean Buridan" You could probably find more on Jean Buridan if you check out the Middle Ages in physics.
	warrensburg.k12.mo.us /math/buridan/katie.html (146 words)

	Stratigraphy
		See Peters, chapter 5, for a critical discussion of ambiguities glossed over by Chernicoff here.
		Was Buridan's system of the earth uniformitarian or catastrophist?
		Did Jean Buridan's system of the earth suggest a different view?
	homepage.mac.com /kvmagruder/earth/dwg/stratigraphy.htm (703 words)

	A Review of G. E. Hughes' Treatise on John Buridan's Sophismata, Chapter 8
		Historical Biography: Jean Buridan (Peter Ravn Rasmussen on Buridan)
		Philosophers: Chronological Index (A link to Buridan is absent.
		Note: There are many links to material on Buridan.
	www.quantonics.com /Hughes_on_Buridan_Review.html (479 words)

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