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Topic: Jean Charles Athanase Peltier

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	Jean Charles Athanase Peltier - LoveToKnow 1911
		JEAN CHARLES ATHANASE PELTIER (1785-1845), French physicist, was born at Ham (Somme) on the 22nd of February 1785.
		He was originally a watchmaker, but retired from business about the age of thirty and devoted himself to experimental and observational science.
		This page was last modified 16:50, 3 Sep 2006.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Jean_Charles_Athanase_Peltier (111 words)

	Jean-Charles-Athanase Peltier -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The effect, known by his name, is used in devices for measuring temperature and, with the discovery of new conducting materials, in refrigeration units.
		Flemish singer and composer Jean d'Ockeghem was celebrated during his lifetime as one of the greatest composers of the late 15th century.
		Usually known as the prince of Wales, Charles is also earl of Chester, duke of Cornwall, duke of Rothesay, earl of Carrick, and baron of Renfrew, among other titles.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9059020?tocId=9059020 (797 words)

	Technical Info - Electrical Equations
		The voltage difference, V, produced across the terminals of an open circuit made from a pair of dissimilar metals, A and B, whose two junctions are held at different temperatures, is directly proportional to the difference between the hot and cold junction temperatures, Th - Tc.
		In 1834, a French watchmaker and part time physicist, Jean Charles Athanase Peltier found that an electrical current would produce heating or cooling at the junction of two dissimilar metals.
		The proportionality constant is known as the Peltier coefficient.
	www.customthermoelectric.com /History.html (399 words)

	Absolute Zero and the Conquest of Cold
		Charles Saint-Ange Thilorier makes "dry ice" -- which is frozen carbon dioxide -- and reaches -110° C. Jean-Charles-Athanase Peltier discovers that current between two dissimilar metals will produce heat or cold depending on the direction of current flow – beginning the field of thermoelectricity.
		The Peltier effect is still used in devices for measuring temperature and in refrigeration units.
		William Thomson (later knighted Lord Kelvin) develops a new “absolute” temperature scale that sets as zero the coldest anything can be – which came to be known as absolute zero.
	www.absolutezerocampaign.org /get_involved/historical_timeline.htm (698 words)

	Ars Technica: The Ars guide to advanced cooling: Peltier edition - Page 1 - (4/2000) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Peltier coolers, also known as thermoelectric coolers, are solid state heat pumps that, with the application of electrical current, transfer heat from one side of the device to the other.
		The Peltier Effect was discovered in 1834 by a French watchmaker and physicist by the name of Jean Charles Athanase Peltier.
		The Peltier Effect takes place when an electrical current is sent through two dissimilar materials that have been connected to one another at two junctions.
	arstechnica.com /guide/cooling/peltier-1.html (643 words)

	Geek.com Geek News - AMD patents on-chip peltier
		In 1834 Jean Charles Athanase Peltier discovered what would thereafter be known as the peltier effect, where current flowing through the junction of two different metals would either heat or cool the junction.
		Peltiers are very good at moving large quantities of heat energy, so they are commonly used in conjunction with water-cooling or compressive cooling technologies to supercool processors.
		On top of that, a peltier requires electrical energy, and a significant amount of it, which means that it adds a significant amount of heat energy to the energy being transposed from the die.
	www.geek.com /news/geeknews/2004Oct/wbc20041022027541.htm (3285 words)

	February 22 - Today in Science History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		French physicist who discovered the Peltier effect (1834), that at the junction of two dissimilar metals an electric current will produce heat or cold, depending on the direction of current flow.
		In 1812, Peltier received an inheritance sufficient to retire from clockmaking and pursue a diverse interest in phrenology, anatomy, microscopy and meteorology.
		Peltier made a thermoelectric thermoscope to measure temperature distribution along a series of thermocouple circuits, from which he discovered the Peltier effect.
	www.todayinsci.com /2/2_22.htm (1902 words)

	Nexus Hardware - We tell it like it is! - Peltier Basics, Danger Den Maze 4-1 & Z Chipset (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Maze 4-1 is a peltier powered CPU water block, and the Z Chip block is used on the northbridge.
		Jean Charles Athanase Peltier, a French clockmaker, was the first to discover the peltier effect.
		The last drawback of peltier cooling is the tremendous amount of heat that must be dissipated in order for the system to perform well.
	nexushardware.com /articles/index.php?id=18 (751 words)

	Battery History, Technology, Applications and Development
		Charle's Law and Gay Lussac's Law together with Boyle's Law are known collectively as the Gas Laws.
		At the time it was however witnessed by the young Charles Wheatstone who was later credited in the UK with the invention of the telegraph.
		See also the Peltier effect discovered 13 years later which is the reverse of the Seebeck effect.
	www.mpoweruk.com /history.htm (17339 words)

	History
		The voltage difference, V, produced across the terminals of an open circuit made from a pair of dissimilar metals, A and B, whose two junctions are held at different temperatures, is directly proportional to the difference between the hot and cold junction temperatures, Th - Tc [2].
		In 1834, a French watchmaker and part time physicist, Jean Charles Athanase Peltier found that an electrical current would produce heating or cooling at the junction of two dissimilar metals.
		The proportionality constant is known as the Peltier coefficient.
	www.its.caltech.edu /~jsnyder/thermoelectrics/history_page.htm (809 words)

	Thermoelectrics Basics
		The Peltier effect was discovered in 1834, 12 years later after Seebeck's breakthrough.
		The Peltier effect occurs whenever current passes through the circuit of two dissimilar conductors; depending on the current direction, the junction of the two conductors either absorbs or releases heat.
		Only in 1838 Russian academician Emily Lenz (1804-1865) proved that the Peltier Effect was an autonomous physical phenomenon, which consisted in releasing and absorbing of additional heat on conductor's junctions when current passed through them.
	www.kryotherm.ru /history_spr.html (800 words)

	Micropelt – Thermoelectrics – Advantages
		In 1821 the Seebeck effect was discovered by Thomas Johann Seebeck (1770–1831) and in 1834 the Peltier effect by Jean Charles Athanase Peltier (1785–1845).
		The third thermoelectric effect is the Thomson effect found by Sir William Thomson (1824–1907), better known as Lord Kelvin.
		All those effects have been employed in components of suitable compound semiconductors: in thermogenerators for converting heat into electric energy and in Peltier elements for transporting heat under current flow.
	www.micropelt.com /tech/advantages.php?style=global_n (256 words)

	NIST: Neutron Imaging Facility - Neutron Camera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Peltier Effect was discovered in 1834 by a French watchmaker and physicist by the name of Jean Charles Athanase Peltier (1785-1845).
		The Peltier Effect follows from a related effect discovered in 1821 by Thomas Johann Seebeck who showed that if heat is applied to a circuit at the junction of two different conductors a current will be generated.
		He found that when a current is passed through a circuit of two dissimilar conductors there will be a rise or fall in temperature at the junction depending on the direction of the current flow.
	physics.nist.gov /MajResFac/Nif/Features/NeutronCamera/NeutronCamera.html (446 words)

	Selected Nineteenth Century Works: P
		Observations sur les multiplicateurs et sur les piles thermo-electriques; par Peltier.
		Disagrees with the electrical theories of both Benjamin Franklin and Jean Antoine Nollet; reports Petetin's electrical experiments, and includes a paper on the electrical treatment of mental diseases.
		Stone, of New York, on the facts related in his letter to Dr. Brigham, and a plain refutation of Durant's exposition of animal magnetism, andc., by Charles Poyen, with remarks on the manner in which the claims of animal magnetism should be met and discussed, by a member of the Massachusetts bench.
	www.thebakken.org /library/books/19p.htm (2793 words)

	NEW and IMPROVED Medi - Fridge Micro - Refrigerator Includes TWO (2 POWER SOURCES: (110V-240V) for house current AND a ...
		The Peltier effect is named after a French scientist who discovered it in 1834.
		Conversely, when an electric current is passed through the module, heat is absorbed at one face of the module and rejected at the other face; thus, the device operates as a refrigerator.
		Jean Peltier noted that when an electrical current is applied across the junction of two dissimilar metals, heat is removed from one of the metals and transferred to the other.
	www.insulincase.com /detail.aspx?ID=398 (1436 words)

	Jean Charles Peltier
		French physicist born in the Somme department of France, Peltier was a watchmaker who gave up his profession at the age of 30 to devote himself to experimental physics.
		In 1834 Peltier demonstrated the converse effect (the Peltier effect).
		He found that when a current is passed through a circuit of two different conductors a thermal effect will be found at the junctions.
	fys.kuleuven.be /pradem/fysici/Peltier.html (120 words)

	Thermoelectric Cooling System and the Peltier Effect- CustomChill, Inc.
		They are a modern application of a scientific discovery called the Peltier effect, discovered in 1822 by Jean Charles Athanase Peltier (1785 - 1845).
		Peltier found that a reversible cooling/heating effect occurs when an electric current passes through two conductors bonded together.
		The TEC module for this Peltier effect consists of p-type and n-type semiconductor pairs (couples) connected electrically in series between two ceramic plates.
	www.customchill.com /pages/techcoolsys.php (322 words)

	"P" Famous People
		Peltier, Jean Charles Athanase (1785-1845) Physicist, born in Ham, N France.
		Petitot, Jean (1607-91) Painter of enamel miniatures, born in Geneva, SW Switzerland.
		Plank, Charles J (1915-89) Chemist and inventor, born in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), E India.
	www.jonathanselby.com /Pfam (13285 words)

	Amiga Support Association - Fans 101
		Retail Peltiers are usually large, with a big heatsink and fan on top.
		This is because the Peltier isn't magic, the heat on the hot side still has to be taken somewhere and that's what the heatsink and fan are for.
		Peltiers tend to be expensive, but are a very efficient and powerful way of cooling your system, reducing heat a lot more than a fan/heatsink combo alone can.
	www.amigasupport.org.uk /feat_cooling101.shtml (733 words)

	Documenting Instanity: July 2005
		The Peltier, Seebeck, and Thomson effects are reversible; Joule heating is not, and cannot be, under the [[laws of thermodynamics]].
		The '''Peltier effect''' is the reverse of the Seebeck effect; a creation of a heat difference from an electric voltage.
		A '''Peltier cooler'''/heater or thermoelectric [[heat pump]] is a solid-state active heat pump which transfers heat from one side of the device to the other.
	documentinginsanity.blogspot.com /2005_07_01_documentinginsanity_archive.html (4759 words)

	Cool Off That Hot CPU Easily & Effectively (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Employing the Peltier effect in a thermoelectric module that is actually a small solid state device which can be operated as a heat pump, or as an electric power generator, earns it the moniker TEG.
		The resulting chip is situated with its cold side against your CPU and its hot side against a heatsink with a fan attached to draw the heat away from the unit.
		The folks at Magaland Technology, manufacturer of the Peltier Chip, suggest setting the monitoring software that you use in your computer system to power on the Peltier chip at 45C and to shut off the power to the Peltier Chip at 30C to effectively prevent condensation from occurring.
	www.infinisource.com /features/peltier-chip-pf.html (571 words)

	GideonTech.com Case Modification - A Guide To Peltiers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Peltier noticed were the current passed from the copper to the bismuth the temperature increased, and were the current passed from the bismuth to the copper the temperature decreased.
		This effect is called the Peltier effect and is the principle that all peltiers work off of… This effect is amplified when two different semi-conductors are used.
		A peltier itself is made up of paired up p- and n- type semi-conductors wired in series that are sandwiched between two ceramic plates.
	www.gideontech.com /content/articles/218/1 (485 words)

	JEAN CHARLES ATHANASE ... - Online Information article about JEAN CHARLES ATHANASE ...
		- Online Information article about JEAN CHARLES ATHANASE...
		Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.
		Peltier effect," was that if a current pass from an See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PAS_PER/PELTIER_JEAN_CHARLES_ATHANASE_1.html (279 words)

	The Bitstream - January 2004 [Silent PCs]
		Named after Monsieur Jean Charles Athanase Peltier, who demonstrated the thermoelectric effect that bears his name way back in 1834.
		Peltier devices are solid state, thermoelectric heat pumps that, in response to an applied electrical current, move heat from one physical side of the device, the “cold” side, to the other, “hot” side in direct proportion to the current applied.
		Modern Peltier coolers use such exotic semiconductors as bismuth telluride doped with selenium and antimony.
	seneschal.net /papers/bitstream/bstream046.htm (1530 words)

	Peltier Family Crest
		In continental Europe, the most ancient recorded family crest was discovered upon the monumental effigy of a Count of Wasserburg in the church of St. Emeran, at Ratisobon, Germany...
		In the Peltier coat of arms as in all coat of arms the crest is only one element of the full armorial achievement.
		We encourage you to study the Peltier genealogy to find out if you descend from someone who bore a particular family crest.
	www.houseofnames.com /xq/asp.fc/qx/peltier-family-crest.htm (512 words)

	Peltier - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Jean Charles Athanase Peltier, who documented the Peltier effect
		Leonard Peltier, who was convicted of the murder of two FBI Agents
		This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Peltier (73 words)

	Thermocouple History Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Such devices have become controversial, as with the 1997 launch of the Cassini mission to Saturn, because of the small but nonzero chance of a launch accident of a craft that is carrying radioactive material.
		Essentially the opposite of the Seebeck effect, the Peltier effect (named after French physicist Jean-Charles-Athanase Peltier) shows that when a current is sent through a thermocouple in a certain direction the thermocouple will heat up, and it will cool off when the current is sent in the other direction.
		The primary application of the Peltier effect is as a refrigerant, since a sizable current can cool a thermocouple to a temperature low enough to liquify nitrogen and helium.
	www.bookrags.com /history/sciencehistory/thermocouple-woi (510 words)

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