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Topic: Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac

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	[No title]
		MARIGNAC, JEAN CHARLES GALISSARD DE (1817-1894), Swiss chemist, was born at Geneva on the 24th of April 1817.
		Marignac's name is well known for the careful and exact determinations of atomic weights which he carried out for twenty-eight of the elements.
		In physical chemistry he carried out many researches on the nature and process of solution, investigating in particular the thermal effects produced by the dilution of saline solutions, the variation of the specific heat of saline solutions with temperature and concentration, and the phenomena of liquid diffusion.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?content_id=43296&locale=en (366 words)

	List of chemical element name etymologies
		The oxide was at first called barote, by Guyton de Morveau, which was changed by Antoine Lavoisier to baryta, which soon was modified to "barium" to describe the metal.
		Dysprosium was first identified in Paris in 1886 by French chemist Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran; however, the element itself was not isolated in relatively pure form until after the development of ion exchange and metallographic reduction techniques in the 1950s.
		In 1880, Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac observed spectroscopic lines due to gadolinium in samples of didymium and gadolinite; French chemist Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran separated gadolinia, the oxide of Gadolinium, from Mosander's yttria in 1886.
	www.ibpassociation.org /encyclopedia/Chemistry/List_of_chemical_element_name_etymologies.php (2738 words)

	Ytterbium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ytterbium was discovered by the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in 1878.
		Marignac found a new component in the earth then known as erbia and named it ytterbia (after Ytterby, the Swedish town where he found the new erbia component).
		He suspected that ytterbia was a compound of a new element he called ytterbium (which was in fact the first rare earth to be discovered).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ytterbium (794 words)

	Triple DES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In cryptography, Triple DES (also 3DES) is a block cipher formed from the Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher.
		It was developed by Walter Tuchman (the leader of the DES development team at IBM) and is specified in FIPS Pub 46-3.
		DES is not a group; if it were one, the Triple-DES construction would be equivalent to a single DES operation and no more secure.
	www.kiwipedia.com /3des.html (309 words)

	Education Resources » List of chemical element name etymologies
		This agreement replaced the longstanding standard metre located in Paris which was a metal bar made of a platinum-iridium alloy (the bar was originally estimated to be one ten millionth of a quadrant of the earth’s polar circumference).
		Both men found lutetium as an impurity in the mineral ytterbia which was thought by Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (and most others) to consist entirely of the element ytterbium.
		Platinum was discovered by astronomer Antonio de Ulloa and Don Jorge Juan y Santacilia (1713-1773), both appointed by King Philip V to join a geographical expedition in Peru that lasted from 1735 to 1745.
	www.thecatalyst.org /resource/2006/04/21/List-of-chemical-element-name-etymologies (7951 words)

	August 15 - Today In Science History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Louis Victor Pierre Raymond duc de Broglie was a French physicist best known for his research on quantum theory and for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons.
		De Broglie was of the French aristocracy - hence the title "duc" (Prince).
		In 1923, as part of his Ph.D. thesis, he argued that since light could be seen to behave under some conditions as particles (photoelectric effect) and other times as waves (diffraction), we should consider that matter has the same ambiguity of possessing both particle and wave properties.
	www.todayinsci.com /8/8_15.htm (2163 words)

	70 Ytterbium
		On 22 October 1878, Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac reports that he has split terbia in two new earths, terbia proper and ytterbia, which Ytterbium.
		Marignac's ytterbia was split by Nilson in 1879 into scandia (see Scandium) and a new ytterbia.
		Finally, Nilson's ytterbia was separated by Georges Urbain (1872-1938) in 1907 into neo-ytterbia and lutecia, with the elements Neo-ytterbium and Lutecium Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l\'Académie des sciences 145 (1907), p.
	elements.vanderkrogt.net /elem/yb.html (703 words)

	Niobium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Niobium-tin and niobium-titanium alloys are used as wires for superconducting magnets capable of producing exceedingly strong magnetic fields.
		Hatchett found niobium in columbite ore that was sent to England in the 1750s by John Winthrop who was the first governor of Connecticut.
		There was a considerable amount of confusion about the difference between the closely-related niobium and tantalum that wasn't resolved until 1846 by Heinrich Rose and Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac who rediscovered the element.
	www.freedownloadsoft.com /info/soduko.html (811 words)

	de Marignac, Jean Charles Galissard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Marignac studied in Paris under Dumas and in Giessen at the laboratory of Liebig.
		In 1841 he became professor at the University of Geneva.
		He his given credit for the discovery of ytterbium and gadolinium.
	www.euchems.org /Distinguished/19thCentury/demarignac.asp (44 words)

	MARIGNAC, JEAN CHARLES... - Online Information article about MARIGNAC, JEAN CHARLES...
		- Online Information article about MARIGNAC, JEAN CHARLES...
		CHARLES GALISSARD DE (1817-1894), Swiss chemist, was See also:
		End of Article: MARIGNAC, JEAN CHARLES GALISSARD DE (1817-1894)
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MAL_MAR/MARIGNAC_JEAN_CHARLES_GALISSARD.html (492 words)

	Facts about Samarium
		Samarium was discovered by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Switzerland in 1853.
		It was isolated in France in 1879 by the French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran.
		The famous Russian Scientist, Dimitri Mendeleev, perceived the correct classification method of "the periodic table" for the 65 elements which were known in his time.
	www.facts-about.org.uk /science-element-samarium.htm (451 words)

	June 5 - Today in Science History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		French philosopher and physiologist noted for Rapports du physique et du moral de l'homme (1802; "Relations of the Physical and the Moral in Man"), which explained all of reality, including the psychic, mental, and moral aspects of man, in terms of a mechanistic Materialism.
		He argued that "to have an accurate idea of the operations from which thought results, it is necessary to consider the brain as a special organ designed especially to produce it, as the stomach and the intestines are designed to operate the digestion, (and) the liver to filter bile..."
		In Élémens de botanique (1694), he arranged the petal-bearing plants into classes based on the form of the corolla, then into families based on the position of the corolla, and finally into genera as defined by the character of the fruit and seed.
	www.todayinsci.com /6/6_05.htm (2267 words)

	Historical Information on Ytterbium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Chemists and scientists since the late 1800's have been working with a form of ytterbium, named erbia.
		In 1878 Jean de Marignac claimed that he had separated a new ingredient from erbia.
		He decided that this new ingredient he called ytterbia was a compound of the newly found element, ytterbium.
	web1.caryacademy.org /chemistry/rushin/StudentProjects/ElementWebSites/yterbium/historic.htm (107 words)

	Chemical Element: gadolinium (Modern Latin: chemical element; named after gadolinite, a mineral named for Johan ...
		Spectroscopic lines due to gadolinium were observed by Jean-Charles Galissard de Marignac in 1880 in samples of didymia and gadolinite.
		Gadolinia, the oxide of gadolinium, was separated by Paul-Émile Lecoq de Biosbaudran (1838-1912) in 1886.
		The element was named for the mineral gadolinite from which this rare earth was originally obtained.
	www.wordinfo.info /words/index/info/view_unit/3103/?letter=C&spage=10 (151 words)

	Samarium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Samarium was discovered by its sharp absorbtion lines in 1853 by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac.
		It was isolated in 1879 by Lecoq de Boisbaudran from the mineralk samarskite.
		Some of the interesting uses of Samarium are the carbon-arc lighting for motion pictures.
	ghsonline.net /projects/periodictable/2000/Sm.htm (60 words)

	Facts about Niobium
		Niobium was discovered by Charles Hatchet in 1801 in the columbite ore that was sent to England in the 1750s by John Winthrop, the first governor of Connecticut.
		Heinrich Rose and Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac rediscovered the element in 1846.
		The Standardised Periodic Table now recognises more periods and elements than Dimitri Mendeleev knew in his day but still all fitting into his concept of the "Periodic Table" in which Niobium is just one element that can be found.
	www.facts-about.org.uk /science-element-niobium.htm (453 words)

	64 Gadolinium
		Delafontaine's terbia was split by Jean de Marignac in 1880 into an earth to which he gave the provisial name Yα and true terbia Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l\'Académie des sciences 90 (1880), p.
		After a correspondece with Marignac, Lecoq announced the Academie that Marignac had chosen to give Yα the name gadolinia.
		Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l\'Académie des sciences 102 (1886), p.
	elements.vanderkrogt.net /elem/gd.html (547 words)

	History of the Origin of the Chemical Elements and Their Discoverers
		It should be noted that the ytterbium listed above was a mixture discovered in the mineral erbia by de Marignac in 1878 and not the neoytterbium/aldebaranium element renamed ytterbium that was found in the mineral ytterbia.
		The element was discovered by the Scottish chemist and physician Thomas Charles Hope in 1792 observing the brilliant red flame color of strontium.
		It was discovered by the Swiss chemist Jean-Charles Galissard de Marignac in 1878 in erbium nitrate from gadolinite (ytterbite renamed).
	www.nndc.bnl.gov /content/elements.html (11235 words)

	Chemical Elements words: erbium to hydrogen, part 3 of 8.
		Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by de Boisbaudran when he found a zinc ore that displayed hitherto unknown spectral lines.
		In the form of hydrocarbons, it is a constituent of petroleum and coal and is contained in all acids.
		The first industrial use of hydrogen was the inflation of balloons by Jacques A. Charles in 1783.
	www.wordquests.info /htm/L-Gk-chem-elem-Pt-3.htm (2398 words)

	Gadolinium
		Paul-'Emile Locoq de Boisbaudran used element 62 from other rare earth.
		Paul offered to let Jean name the element because of his work in the past to try to discover it.
		After those minerals were discovered Marignac studied samarskite and gadolinite.
	www.mvschools.org /ms/projects/html/red/gadolinium.htm (341 words)

	Samarium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		History: In 1853, Samarium was discovered using spectroscopy by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in an "earth" called didymia.
		The reason it was discovered this way was due to its sharp absorption lines.
		Paul emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran isolated it in the year 1879.
	people.clarkson.edu /~bogdandc/Sm.html (122 words)

	Chemical Elements words: plutonium to samarium, part 6 of 8.
		Plutonium was synthesized by Seaborg, McMillan, Kennedy, and Wahl in 1940 by deuteron bombardment of uranium in a cyclotron (a device used to accelerate atomic particles) at Berkeley, California, USA.
		A number of investigators in the past had claimed to have proven the existence of element 61 in naturally occurring rare earths; among the names they applied were illimium and florentium.
		Samarium was discovered spectroscopically by its sharp absorption lines, in 1853, by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in an “earth” called didymia.
	www.wordquests.info /htm/L-Gk-chem-elem-Pt-6.htm (3562 words)

	BookRags: Ytterbium Summary
		In 1878, Jean-Charles Galissard de Marignac (1817-189) analyzed a rare earth material known as erbia and found that it consisted of two parts.
		Urbain showed in 1907 that Nilson's ytterbia was actually a mixture itself of two oxides.
		The first he named lutecia and the second, neoytterbium, in order, he said, "to leave the illustrious Marignac, in the future, the credit of his fundamental discovery." The name of the second element was eventually shortened, however, to ytterbium.
	www.bookrags.com /research/ytterbium-wsd (276 words)

	Gadolinium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		History: Gadolinium left spectrospic lines, and they were fist observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in 1880.
		Paul-Emile de Biosbaudran separated the oxide of gadolinium, called gadolinia, in 1886.
		The element was named for the mineral gadolinite from which this rare earth was found.
	people.clarkson.edu /~bogdandc/Gd.html (174 words)

	Page Title
		He was searching for the missing element between aluminum and indium and based his search on the proposition that the arrangement of lines within chemically-similar elements are repeated according to the same general arrangement.
		Boisbaudran continued his spectroscopic investigations, concentrating on rare earth elements, and he is credited with the discovery of dysprosium, and samarium.
		It appears that his spectroscopic skills also supported the work of prominent chemists such as Jean-Charles Galissard de Marignac (discoverer of ytterbium and gadolinium).Boisbaudran spoke English well, but often translated his French thoughts too literally.
	www.s-a-s.org /epstein/oldbook/page2.html (948 words)

	Lutetium - Gurupedia
		Both men found lutetium as an impurity in the mineral ytterbia which was thought by Swiss chemist
		Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (and most others) to consist entirely of the element ytterbium.
		He chose the names neoytterbium (new ytterbium) and lutecium for the new element but neoytterbium was eventually reverted back to ytterbium and in 1949 the spelling of element 71 was changed to lutetium.
	www.gurupedia.com /l/lu/lutetium.htm (601 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A team led by Charles Weissmann at Biogen conclusively shows that they have produced interferon using recombinant DNA technology.
		Charles J. Pedersen is born in Pusan, Korea.
		The element had been discovered spectro-scopically in 1853 by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac.
	www.chemheritage.org /explore/dateline04/timeline.html (2405 words)

	Samarium
		Samarium was discovered spectroscopic ally by its sharp absorption lines in 1853 by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in an "earth" called didymia.
		The element was isolated in 1879 by Lecoq de Boisbaudran from the mineral samarskite, named in honor of a Russian mine official, Colonel Samarski, and which therefore gave samarium its name.
		Samarium is found in nature in a number of different minerals.
	www.chem.shef.ac.uk /chm131-2002/cha02nis/62.html (181 words)

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