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| | Thermometers, National Science Museum Maynooth |
 | | However, most of the thermometers in the Maynooth collection are of the liquid-glassvariety, which use the expansion of a liquid, typically alcohol (spirit) or mercury, rather than a gas. |
 | | Knowles Middleton (1966,27) attributes the invention of the liquid-glass thermoscope to Jean Rey (c1582-1645), a French physician, in 1630, and the sealed liquid-glass thermometer to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinand II (1610-1670), one of the great family of the Medici, in 1654. |
 | | The 1742 scale of the Swede, Anders Celsius (1701-1744), was the first to be divided into 100°, with 0° for the boiling point of water, and 100° for the freezing point. |
| www.nuim.ie /museum/thermometers.html (317 words) |
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