Jean-Jacques Dessalines

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	Jean-Jacques Dessalines - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jean-Jacques Dessalines (September 20, 1758–October 17, 1806) was a leader of the Haitian Revolution and an Emperor of Haiti (1804–1806 under the name of Jacques I).
		Dessalines was born as a servant in Grande-Rivière-du-Nord in what was at that time the French colony of Saint-Domingue on the island of Hispaniola.
		Dessalines also believed in the tight regulation of foreign trade, which however was essential for Haiti's sugar- and coffee-based export economy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jean-Jacques_Dessalines (576 words)

	Jean Jacques Dessalines
		Jean Jacques Dessalines was born in 1758 a slave in St Domingue now known as Haiti.
		Words of General in Chief: Jean Jacques Dessalines, hero of the Haitian war of Independence.
		Dessalines is known as one of the founders of Haiti.
	foundspirits.com /jjdessalines.htm (1103 words)

	Jean-Jacques Dessalines - TLP
		Dessalines was assassinated north of Port-au-Prince at Pont Larnage, (now known as Pont-Rouge) on October 17, 1806 en route to battle the rebels.
		Dessalines is widely regarded by Haitians as one of the outstanding heroes in the struggle against slavery and colonialism, in this spirit he is also affectionately called: 'Papa Desalin' (lit.
		Dessalines, hearing of this, brought five hundred white prisoners in sight of the French, and hung them up, so that the cruel monster could see the result of his own barbarous example.
	www.thelouvertureproject.org /wiki/index.php?title=Dessalines (762 words)

	www.hauinc.org
		Jean-Jacques Dessalines was one of Toussaint Louverture's principal lieutenants.
		Dessalines was born in 1758 at the Cormiers Plantation in the northern part of Haiti.
		Dessalines was ambushed and assassinated on October 17, 2006 near Port-au-Prince.
	www.hauinc.org (230 words)

	Jean Pierre Boyer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Old French Haiti split north–south in 1806 following the overthrow of Emperor Jean-Jacques Dessalines into two separate realms of Henri Christophe and Pétion.
		Boyer was made the successor of Pétion and took control of the south following his death in 1818.
		He returned in 1802 with the French army of Charles Leclerc but later joined the patriots under Alexandre Pétion, who chose him as his successor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jean_Pierre_Boyer (432 words)

	1804-1820: Part 2
		The first leader of free and independent Haiti was Jean-Jacques Dessalines, a former slave and victim of a cruel and brutal master, furious warrior, hero and leader of the last days of the revolution, and sworn enemy of whites, especially the French.
		Dessalines, Christophe and Petion, the earliest Haitian leaders, were quite worried, even completely preoccupied, with the expectation that the French would come back and try to resubjugate Haiti.
		One recent work even suggested that some of Dessalines' declamation that the French were coming, and his harsh treatment of Haitian free workers, were, in part, tactics to remind them of the dangers of a French return, thus keeping the militarist spirit alive in order to insure a willing military readiness to defend the nation.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/43a/106.html (2452 words)

	Joan Jacques Dessalines Biography / Biography of Joan Jacques Dessalines Biography
		Jean Jacques Dessalines (1758-1806) was a Haitian nationalist and the first ruler of a free Haiti.
		Jean Jacques I was assassinated in an ambush near Port-au-Prince on Oct. 17, 1806.
		Joan Jacques Dessalines Biography / Biography of Joan Jacques Dessalines Biography
	www.bookrags.com /biography-joan-jacques-dessalines (598 words)

	ilangDR - Institute of Languages, history: Pirats
		Born in Africa around 1758, Jean-Jacques Dessalines was captured at an early age, and found himself a slave in the Caribbean plantation economy.
		Indeed, Jean-Jacques Dessalines could neither read nor write; but he was a brilliant tactician and a skilled strategist.
		Emperor Dessalines confiscated the properties of the murdered and divided them among his sympathizers; he is even said to have participated himself in the evictions and expropriations.
	www.ilangdr.com /en/haiti.asp (300 words)

	Jean Jacques Dessalines
		DESSALINES, Jean Jacques, Haitian emperor, born ill Guinea, Africa, ill 1758; died in Haiti, 17 October 1806.
		In a slender and hideous frame Dessalines united the wildest passions of the ferocious savage with extraordinary shrewdness, an undeniable keenness of judgment, and a clear statesmanlike knowledge of the men and things with whom he had to deal.
		Dessalines erected 500 gibbets, and hanged half a regiment of French that he had captured by a bold countermarch.
	www.famousamericans.net /jeanjacquesdessalines (847 words)

	Jean Jacques Dessalines
		Dessalines was born a slave in Grande-Riviere-du-Nord, Haiti.
		In 1791, Dessalines became a part of the freedom movement that lead to the total abolition of slavery in Haiti in 1793.
		Notably, it is Dessalines' victory overRochambeau in Vertieres that forced Napoleon to abandon his bid for the control of Louisiana and eventually, the rest of the 'New World'.
	dolphin.upenn.edu /~dhsa/dessa_bio.html (207 words)

	NCHR - Michael S. Hooper Award - Jean Dominique Eulogy
		When Jean’s brother, Lieutenant Philippe Dominique, a renegade Haitian army officer, was killed in a valiant attempt to topple Papa Doc Duvalier from power, Jean was jailed for six months, during which time he was tortured as a perceived possible enemy of the state.
		Jean Dominique was born in 1931, one of twelve children.
		As the political and social situation deteriorated over the remainder of the past decade, Jean remained at the microphone, perhaps quixotically, speaking with the voice of the people, for the people, to the people until the morning he was gunned down in the shadows of his studio.
	www.nchr.org /hrp/jando/demme_eulogy.htm (1246 words)

	Jean-Jacques Dessalines
		After compelling the French to leave Haiti (1803), he was created governor and crowned emperor as Jacques I, but his despotic behaviour alienated his adherents and he was assassinated.
	www.lagcc.cuny.edu /ctl/africa/jd.htm (60 words)

	Jean Jacques Dessalines
		In 1804, after Haiti was declared an independent nation, Dessalines crowned himself emperor of Haiti, renaming himself Jacques I. As he was trying to reestablish the economy, he instituted forced-labor laws and other drastic measures.
		Dessalines was born a slave, and in the early part of his life, he served as an officer in the French army.
		Dessalines gave Haiti its name and is renowned for creating the Haitian flag by ripping the white from the French colors, symbolically suggesting the total evacuation of the whites in Haiti.
	www.gettysburg.edu /academics/history/hist106web/site4/Dessalines.htm (182 words)

	Dessalines, Jean Jacques on Encyclopedia.com
		DESSALINES, JEAN JACQUES [Dessalines, Jean Jacques], c.1758-1806, emperor of Haiti (1804-6), born a slave.
		In 1802 Dessalines fought brilliantly against the French, whose forces were led by Gen. Charles Leclerc, earning the nickname of the Tiger.
		His barbaric cruelty against the mulattoes whom Toussaint was unable to control led to a bitter struggle with the mulatto leaders André Rigaud and Alexandre Pétion.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/D/Dessalin.asp (469 words)

	Discover Haiti: Haiti History - Dessalines: hero or tyrant Part 1
		He attributes Dessalines' cruelty at war to his african origin by stating that the young Dessalines, fresh from the savannas was completely ignorant of European culture and that dominated by the influences of his origin, could only harbor feelings of barbaric vengence and assassination.
		Dessalines was as revered by his soldiers as he was feared.
		Dessalines on the other was convinced that peace with the whites was no longer possible.
	www.discoverhaiti.com /history00_10_1.htm (3068 words)

	HAITI PROGRES
		Papa Dessalines di non, non e non, Papa Dessalines mande redresman pou demokrasi sa a, ki fè yon ti ponyen moun nan yon zòn nan Gonayiv, pran tout vil Gonayiv ann otaj, bloke biznis, lekòl, kreye plis grangou paske mache pa ka fonksyone.
		Sanble jès ipokrizi Osner Fevry fè a se pou touye papa Dessalines yon lòt fwa ankò, puiske pati politik li a mare sosis li ak sektè makout ki vin ak rezolisyon 15 desanm pou voye prezidan ale a.
		Si Dessalines ta retounen ankò, se sèten li pa t ap pèmèt ti gwoup sa a, ti lelit apatride sa a fè san pitit pèp la kontinye koule.
	www.haiti-progres.com /2003/sm031022/cre10-22.html (1504 words)

	DESSALINES
		This current production explores the rise and fall of General Jean Jacques Dessalines, (The Tiger) as he leads a fight for freedom in 1802 from the oppression of the French in Haiti, and later becomes the victim of a coup from the very people he liberated.
		As a French officer, Dessalines excels in battles and becomes a role model for the rest of the officers.
		WHAT: "Dessalines." (Full title:"Dessalines (The Heart) Blood And Liberation: For The Love Of Freedom, Part II").
	www.reviewplays.com /dessalines.htm (566 words)

	Dessalines - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Dessalines, Jean-Jacques (1758-1806), black leader and self-proclaimed emperor of Haiti (1804-1806).
		Orbigny, Alcide Dessalines D’ (1802-1857), French geologist and paleontologist.
		Born in West Africa, he was raised as a slave...
	encarta.msn.com /Dessalines.html (69 words)

	San Francisco Bay View - National Black Newspaper of the Year
		For me, the true hero of the Haitian revolution was Dessalines, who knew the white man's whip and believed in the sovereignty of his nation and that of all African people throughout the Diaspora.
		Dessalines, on the other hand, had nothing to do with the French, whom he didn't trust.
		However, none of this regard was shown to the general when after negotiating with French, he ended up in a cold, damp prison, where he died in April 7, 1803.
	www.sfbayview.com /060204/hochschild060204.shtml (678 words)

	Talkin' Broadway Regional News & Reviews: Los Angeles - "Dessalines (The Heart) Blood and Liberation" - 9/19/02
		Cahrr is extremely energetic, and when she bounds onstage and jumps into Dessalines' arms, she brings a vitality to an otherwise slow moving portion of the play.
		Dessalines is an ambitious production, and it is at its most successful when it is transcending the bounds of traditional stagecraft.
		Dessalines led an army of uneducated former slaves to independence for the only time in recorded history.
	www.talkinbroadway.com /regional/la/la66.html (859 words)

	DESSALINES
		Dessalines is depicted much like one of Shakespeare’s tragic heroes, a brave and noble warrior whose tragic flaws plant the seeds of his downfall.
		But Dessalines was real, and the 200th anniversary of Haitian Independence makes it a timely occasion to recall and relive the exciting adventure that is freedom.
		Beyond being informative and entertaining, “Dessalines” is dynamic theatre, performed and presented by people who have already demonstrated that they can make historical depictions of this nature come to vivid life on stage.
	www.robeytheatrecompany.com /dessalines/dessalines1.htm (639 words)

	Index De-Dh
		Dessalines was forced into submission, but when Napoléon in 1803 declared his intention to reintroduce slavery (which had been abolished by the French Convention in 1794), Dessalines and others rose again in rebellion.
		In September he adopted the title of emperor as Jacques I. He confiscated the land of the whites and launched a campaign of extermination against the remaining white inhabitants in which thousands were killed.
		He was helped mightily by the split in the RPR ranks between Philippe Séguin, the official RPR candidate, and Jean Tiberi, the incumbent RPR mayor, who had split with his party but still ran for reelection.
	manic-raven.com /rulers/indexd2.html (13404 words)

	Gallery 1
		She was married to Jean-Jacques Dessalines Ambroise, a well-known educator and co-founder of the communist party PPLN (Parti Populaire de La Liberation Nationale).
		Still in his teens, Rudy Ambroise, was released when Jean Jacques was captured, but his father Alix spent several hours under custody.
		The Duvalier henchmen proceeded with the arrest of every one in the house including Jean Jacques whom they met on their way out.
	www.fordi9.com /Pages/gallery1.html (676 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com :: Clinton's Haitian Nightmare by Michael Radu
		In fact, the country still glorifies the racist Jean-Jacques Dessalines (Emperor Jacques I) as its “founding father.” That a genocidal murderer is the national hero makes perfect sense in Haiti, where Dessalines’ assassin, Henri Christophe (King Henry I, 1806-20), is also glorified as a founding father.
		With good reason, since Jean-Jacques Dessalines’ 1805 Constitution clearly stated that “No white man of whatever nation he may be, shall put his foot on this territory with the title of master or proprietor, neither shall he in future acquire any property therein.”
		This refers to the 90 million francs Haiti alleges it wrongfully had to pay France in 1825 in connection with Haitian crimes under founding father Dessalines as the country fought for independence, including murder, rape, confiscation of property, and similar actions against white French civilians, mostly women and children.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=11865 (1159 words)

	Famous Haitians
		Writer, poet, activist - A descendent of Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Alexis was born on 22 April 1922, in Gonaïves.
		More than just a brilliant intellectual, Jacques Stephen Alexis was also an active participant in the social and political debates of his time.
		Guitarist, singer and band leader - Coupé Cloué was the alias of Jean Gesner Henry who was born in Léogâne in 1925.
	haitisupport.gn.apc.org /10_fam_main.html (3138 words)

	Toussaint L'Ouverture the first black Governor of La Hispaniola
		Toussaint was captured in 1801, but the slave force, now led by Jean-Jacques Dessalines, determinedly held out against their French, Spanish, and British opponents, achieving in 1804 the independence of the western part of Hispanolia, now to be known as Haiti- the first black republic to declare its independence.
		Dessalines attempted to take the city of Santo Domingo in 1805, but turned back after hearing of the approach a French naval squadron.
		The eastern two thirds of the island, Santo Domingo, was still controlled by France.
	www.visiting-the-dominican-republic.com /toussaint_louverture.html (357 words)

	St. Louis Historic Preservation
		Born in 1758, General Jean-Jacques Dessalines was a former slave, Haitian officer, and aide to Toussaint L'Ouverture.
		After the French left the island, Dessalines proclaimed the second republic in the Western Hemisphere.
		This site was funded in part by Federal funds administered by the Missouri State Historical Preservation Office, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, The National Park Service, and the U.S. Department of the Interior.
	stlcin.missouri.org /history/peopledetail.cfm?Master_ID=1011 (141 words)

	haiti2
		May 1805 declared Jean-Jacques Dessalines as Emperor and made the Imperial Dignity non-hereditary.
		1804- 1806 H.M. Jacques I, by the grace of God and the Constitutional Law of the State, Emperor of Haiti.
		April 1793 (twin with her brother Jacques) (d/o Marie-Claire).
	4dw.net /royalark/Haiti/haiti2.htm (501 words)

	Marguerite Laurent.com No Benign Neglect but full attention to Haiti's demise
		They honored their African heroes, remembered their founding father, Jean Jacques Dessalines, who was assassinate on, this day, October 17 in the year 1806.
		Dessalines, it is you who gave us the Sun
		To commemorate this day, the masses gathered and chose a man who reminds them of their revolutionary hero.
	www.margueritelaurent.com /pressclips/papadesalin.html (2226 words)

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Topic: Jean-Jacques Dessalines

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