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Topic: Jebel Barkal

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	Wonders of the African World - Episodes - Black Kingdoms of the Nile - Wonders
		Jebel Barkal was the capital and spiritual center of the ancient fl kingdoms of the Nile for nearly a millenium.
		Jebel Barkal and erected a granite monument inscribed with 159 lines of hieroglyphs -- the oldest and most extensively detailed surviving ancient Egyptian text.
		Jebel Barkal remained the capital of the Nubian kingdom until it was moved to Meroë around 300 B.C. Compiled by Jamila White
	www.pbs.org /wonders/Episodes/Epi1/1_wondr3.htm (164 words)

	Gebel Barkal
		In Ancient Nubian religion, Gebel Barkal became the place where all gods were born, and not only that, it was from this point the creation of the world took place.
		Gebel Barkal and its region also became important for economic reasons, since this was an ideal crossing point for the Nile river, easily allowing caravans to crossing the desert from Kawa to Meroë.
		Gebel Barkal is the sacred mountain around which much of the cultic activities were centered, as well as motived.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/gebel_barkal.htm (561 words)

	JEBEL BARKAL : Encyclopedia Entry
		Jebel Barkal or Gebel Barkal (Arabic: جبل بركل) is a small mountain located some 400 km north of Khartoum, in Sudan, on a large bend of the Nile River, in the region called Nubia.
		The ruins around Gebel Barkal include at least 13 temples and 3 palaces, that were for the first described by european explorers in the 1820’s, although only in 1916 archeological excavations were started by George Reisner under a joint expedition of Harvard University and the Museum of Fine Arts of Boston.
		The mountain is 98 m tall, has a flat top, and apparently was used as a landmark by the traders in the important route between central Africa, Arabia, and Egypt, as the point where it was easier to cross the great river.
	bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Jebel_Barkal (299 words)

	The Pyramids of Gebel Barkal
		The mountain of Gebel Barkal with pyramids on the left
		Gebel means mountain, Gebel Barkal is a butte about 300 feet tall that became the sacred center of Kush, an important nexus for the Egyptians and the Nubians.
		Pharaoh Taharqa, the greatest of the 25th Dynasty Pharaohs, built an important complex of temples at Gebel Barkal to honor Amun-Re, and some pyramids were constructed there.
	ascendingpassage.com /Kush-Gebel-Barkal.htm (463 words)

	Gebel Barkal
		The first is economic, since this was an ideal crossing point for the Nile river, it became central for the caravans crossing the desert from from Kawa to Meroë.
		Gebel Barkal is the sacred mountain around which much of the cultic activities were centered, as well as motived.
		The original Napata was on the southern side of the Nile, Gebel Barkal on the northern side.
	i-cias.com /e.o/gebel_barkal.htm (453 words)

	The Temples, Tombs and Pyramids in Karima, Jebel Barkal, Nuri & El Kurru - Part I Photo Gallery by Terence Weston at ...
		At the base of Jebel Barkal stands the ruined temples of Amun and Mut, and the royal cemetery of the Napatan kings (the pyramids).
		Temple of Amun from the summit of Barkal
		The Temple of Mut from the summit of Barkal
	www.pbase.com /travelling_terry/the_pyramids_at_temples_north_sudan (574 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Jebel Barkal
		Jebel Barkal or Gebel Barkal (Arabic: جبل بركل) is a small mountain located some 400 km north of Khartoum, in Sudan, on a large bend of the Nile River, in the region called Nubia.
		The ruins around Gebel Barkal include at least 13 temples and 3 palaces, that were for the first described by european explorers in the 1820’s, although only in 1916 archeological excavations were started by George Reisner under a joint expedition of Harvard University and the Museum of Fine Arts of Boston.
		The mountain is 98 m tall, has a flat top, and apparently was used as a landmark by the traders in the important route between central Africa, Arabia, and Egypt, as the point where it was easier to cross the great river.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Jebel_Barkal (346 words)

	Nubia's Black Pharaohs \| Archaeology \| DISCOVER Magazine
		Jebel Barkal rises barely 320 feet above the surrounding desert but is distinguished by one prominent feature: a pinnacle jutting out from its southwestern cliff face.
		Its armies marched 700 miles north from Jebel Barkal to Thebes, the spiritual capital of Egypt.
		They can be revealed, he believes, by cracking a code of geomorphological symbols at Jebel Barkal and by parsing hieroglyphic texts that refer to the mountain as Dju-wa'ab, or "Pure Mountain." "I feel as if I'm deciphering a mythological puzzle," Kendall says.
	discovermagazine.com /2005/dec/nubia-black-pharaohs (2537 words)

	Jebel Barkal
		Landmark in the Nubian desert, Jebel Barkal ("Jebel" means mountain in Arabic) can be seen from a few dozens of kilometres whilst still in the open desert.
		At the foot of this wonderful isolated red sandstone mountain with cliffs and considered holy since the ancient times there is the big temple, dedicated to the Pharaohs of the New Reign and to their patron Amon.
		In El Kurru, a dozen of kilometres southwards from the mountain it is possible to visit two tombs which are excavated in the rock under pyramids - partially collapsed - and are totally decorated with images of the Pharaoh, of the gods and multicolour hieroglyphic inscriptions
	www.italtoursudan.com /jebel_barkal.htm (205 words)

	Gebel Barkal and the Sites of the Napatan Region - World Heritage Site - Pictures, info and travel reports
		The “main” one is the “table topped” mountain of Jebel Barkal itself which is only around 100 metres high but dominates the flat Nile valley for miles around.
		Below the Jebel are the ruins of a Temple to Amun from 15th C BC.
		We visited the Jebel and El Kurru but only viewed Nuri across the Nile by binoculars from the Jebel and from a viewpoint about 10 kms north (there is apparently a small local ferry).
	www.worldheritagesite.org /sites/gebelbarkal.html (1019 words)

	Original World Journeys
		In the morning visit the temple of Amun in Soleb (including Jebel Dosha where there are very interesting inscriptions on its rocks), Ammenophese the third, see Dosha mountain, the inscriptions of Tohotmosis the 3rd.
		Jebel is a massive sacred mountain known as the main Temple of Amun (Deity of Egyptians and Sudanese at the time.) It was acrved by nature in approx 1220 BC, that coincide with the period of the 19th Dynasty in Egypt.
		At the foot of Jebel Barkal stands the Temple of Amun supported by massive granite pillars which are inscribed with heiroglyphics, animal figures and sphinx.
	www.originalworldjourneys.com /AFRICA/Sudan.html (1962 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Landmark in the Nubian desert, Jebel Barkal ("Jebel" means mountain in Arabic) can be seen from a few dozens of kilometres whilst still in the open desert.
		At the foot of this wonderful isolated red sandstone mountain with cliffs and considered holy since the ancient times there is the big temple, dedicated to the Pharaohs of the New Reign and to their patron Amon.
		In El Kurru, a dozen of kilometres southwards from the mountain it is possible to visit two tombs which are excavated in the rock under pyramids - partially collapsed - and are totally decorated with images of the Pharaoh, of the gods and multicolour hieroglyphic inscriptions
	web.tiscali.it /BetaSystem/jebel_barkal.htm (205 words)

	Napata and Jebel Barkal
		When the kings of Kush ruled Egypt, they took their orders from the god Amun of Jebel Barkal, far away in Napata.
		The ruined entrance of the great temple of Amun at Jebel Barkal, as it appears today, with ram statue in foreground.
		The ram was the sacred animal of Amun.
	www.dignubia.org /maps/timeline/bce-0712b.htm (176 words)

	Raidan Travel & Tours
		Kawa – Jebel (mt.) Barkal – Kurru: after looking at the remains of the former Mighty temples of Kawa w will drive through the Nubian Desert south-eastwards to Jebel Barkal, a monolithical remnant of the weather beaten Nubian Sandstone plateau.
		The Jebel is a massive sacred mountain known as the main Temple of Amun (Deity of Egyptians and Sudanese at the time.) built in 1220 BC, that coincide with the period of the 19
		At the foot of the jebel Barkal stands the Temple of Amun supported by massive granite pillars which are inscribed with all heiroglyphics, animal figures and sphinx.
	www.raidantravel.com /program.htm (2255 words)

	Ancient Egypt
		It was concentrated along the middle to lower reaches of the Nile River, reaching its greatest extent in the second millennium BC, during the New Kingdom.
		It stretched from the Nile Delta in the north as far south as Jebel Barkal at the Fourth Cataract of the Nile, in modern-day Sudan.
		Extensions to the geographic range of ancient Egyptian civilization included, at different times, areas of the southern Levant, the Eastern Desert and the Red Sea coastline, the Sinai Peninsula, and the oases of the Western desert.
	www.egyptian-papyrus.com (250 words)

	African Adventure Travel - Custom Safari Company Explore Africa
		Try to imagine the ancient caravans that once bore the rulers of Meroe on their journeys northward from the capital Meroe to the site of the greatest religious sanctuary of the kingdom at the mountain known as Jebel Barkal (which is also our destination).
		Ancient data reveals that the Egyptians, and probably the earlier Nubians, attached sacred significance to Jebel Barkal because of its bizarre form.
		While staying at Jebel Barkal, you will take one day and visit el-Kurru, the nearby site of the tombs of the Kushite kings and queens who conquered and ruled Egypt as its 25 th Dynasty from about 750-660 BC.
	www.exploreafrica.net /trips/sud_15.php (2418 words)

	THE NILE'S OTHER KINGDOM (Site not responding. Last check: )
		At Jebel Barkal, Kendall hopes to shed new light on the symbiotic relationship of Nubian and Egyptian civilizations.
		Kendall believes the Egyptians chose this particular craggy hill for a royal sanctuary because, when seen from a distance, Jebel Barkal's silhouette resembles, even today, a crown adorned with a cobra, which is a symbol of royal power.
		The Egyptians believed Jebel Barkal to be a prime residence of the god Amun, the bestower of royal authority--a notion that was later taken up by the Nubians.
	imet.csus.edu /imet1/conforti/nubia/aarch.the_niles_oth[1].html (1139 words)

	Piye Summary
		Piye then marched north and achieved complete victory at Herakleopolis, conquering the cities of Hermopolis and Memphis among others, and received the submission of the kings of the Nile Delta including Iuput II of Leontopolis, Osorkon IV of Tanis and his former ally Nimlot at Hermopolis.
		He revitalised the moribund Great Temple of Amun at Gebel Barkal, built under Thutmose III of the New Kingdom by employing numerous sculptors and stone masons from Egypt to renew the temple.
		Piye was buried in a pyramid at el-Kurru near Gebel Barkal, a site that would come to be occupied by the tombs of several later members of the dynasty.
	www.bookrags.com /Piye (1575 words)

	Jebel Barkal - South Africa
		Jebel Barkal or Gebel Barkal (Arabic: جبل بركل) is a small mountain located some 400 km north of Khartoum, in Sudan, on a large bend of the Nile River, in the; region called Nubia.
		Around 1450 BC, the; Egyptian Pharaoh Thutmose III extended his empire to that region and considered Gebel Barkal its southern limit.
		The ruins around Gebel Barkal include at least 13 temples and 3 palaces, that were for the first described by european explorers in the 1820’s, although only in 1916 archeological excavations were started by George Reisner under a joint expedition of Harvard University and the; Museum of Fine Arts of Boston.
	jebel-barkal.zdnet.co.za /zdnet/Jebel_Barkal (706 words)

	Amazon.com: "Jebel Barkal": Key Phrase page
		See all pages with references to "Jebel Barkal".
		NECIA DESIREE HARKLESS Jebel Barkal, the majestic Holy Mountain, is sighted on the right with ruins of several temples and pyramids in the cemetery of...
		Originally an Egyptian foundation, Napata and its temples became the religious and, perhaps, the political centre of an important indigenous...
	amazon.com /phrase/Jebel-Barkal (283 words)

	THE NUBIAN PYRAMIDS OF LATE ANTIQUITY
		Located on the opposite bank of the river from Jebel Barkal, the cemetery at Nuri contained the tombs of 21 kings, together with 52 queens and princes.
		Taharqa, the penultimate king of the 25th Dynasty was the first king to build his tomb at Nuri, and it is the biggest pyramid ever built at the site.
		With the exception of three or four generations of pyramids near Jebel Barkal, Meroë remained the Royal Cemetery for around 600 years.
	www.egyptologyonline.com /pyramids_-_late.htm (741 words)

	Biblical Archeology, Bible And Archeology
		Dr Welsby spoke to the Sudanese doctor who explained that he had a small statue which had been found by a friend at Jebel Barkal.
		In 1995 it was stolen from the Jebel Barkal museum.
		That was enough; Dr Welsby picked up the phone and dialed the number of his local police station and the Sudanese gentleman subsequently received a visit from the boys in blue.
	www.biblicalarcheology.net /DiggingsOnline/Stolen.html (936 words)

	Sudan: Places of Interest
		Just 2km south of the town is the 100-metre high Jebel Barkal, a hill which was regarded as sacred by the Egyptians of the 18th Dynasty.
		Lying west of the temple are the Jebel Barkal Pyramids, similar in style to those at Meroe.
		This western-Sudanese mountain range is dominated by the second-highest mountain in the Sudan, known as Jebel Marra.
	www.sudan.net /tourism/places.html (1853 words)

	Treasures, Secrets, Riddles & Legends Along the Nile
		South of the town of Karima is the 100 metre high Jebel Barkal, a hill regarded as sacred by ancient Egyptians.
		From its summit is a commanding view of the Nile and at its foot lies the Temple of Amun, second only in length to the famous Egyptian Karnak Temple.
		These charming hills can be seen from the distance and are actually known as the Jebels, the habitat of a band of baboons that come down from the hills at sunset to drink the invigorating well water.
	www.niletrip.com /wonsud.html (628 words)

	Africa: Wonders of the African World with Skip Gates
		When Nubia regained its independence in the 11th century B.C, the new Nubian kingdom (centered at Jebel Barkal in Napata), adopted many of the Egyptian traditions of rule, including rule by monarchy.
		In 742 BC Piye (or Pianchi), king of Napata, conquered Egypt and founded the 25th Dynasty, which ruled Egypt for nearly a century.
		Jebel Barkal — capital of the Nubian Kingdom until 300 B.C
	dickinsg.intrasun.tcnj.edu /films/skipdogg/skipmovie1.html (447 words)

	Naqa Kiosk
		Outlines of the great Kushite religious center at Jebel Barkal, near Napata.
		Jebel Barkal remained a religious center even after defeat at the hands of Assyrians and Egyptians led the Kushites to establish a new capital at Meroe, 300 miles up the Nile, in the sixth century bc.
		This is a distinctive "kiosk" at Naqa, a major ceremonial center south of Meroe, from a third-century hybrid-Roman architectural style blended with Meroitic decorative features.
	www.tornadohills.com /strange/naqa_kiosk.htm (94 words)

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