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Topic: Jebel Marra

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	Darfur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is largely an arid plateau with the Marrah Mountains (Jebel Marra), a range of volcanic peaks rising up to 3,000 m (10,100 ft), in the center of the region.
		The one exception is the area in and around the Jebal Marra mountains.
		The Daju, inhabitants of Jebel Marra, appear to have been the dominant group in Darfur in the earliest period recorded.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Darfur (3369 words)

	sudan, climb, trek, adventure travel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Visiting Jebel Marra is currently (June 2004) impossible due to attacks by Arab militias on the fl African villages.
		Jebel Marra crater We reached here from the western railhead of Nyala, not far from the Sudan border with Chad, by travelling up to the mountain villages in a truck.
		Jebel Marra is an extinct volcano on the SE edge of the Sahara with scattered villages around its rim and excellent trekking into and through the crater with local guides, but no climbing potential.
	www.n-o-m-a-d-s.demon.co.uk /sudan.html (728 words)

	AxisofLogic/ Africa
		It is focused on the Jebel Marra, an 8000 square mile mountain area rising to more than 10,000 feet in the central belt of the region, which no aid agencies or journalists have been able to reach during the current crisis.
		The Jebel Marra massif, with well-watered volcanic soils and lush valleys dotted with waterfalls, has for centuries been the home of the fl African Fur tribe (Darfur translates literally as abode of the Fur).
		No one has reported from within the Jebel Marra, and with heavy rain beginning this month there is little hope of access from the outside for several months.
	www.axisoflogic.com /cgi-bin/exec/view.pl?archive=123&num=9025 (1348 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- East Saharan montane xeric woodlands (AT1303)
		While the Jebel Marra is comprised of Tertiary aged basalts, the upland Ennedi Plateau, above 1,800 m to 2,000 m, differs geologically by having a cap of Devonian-aged sandstone (White 1983).
		Two gerbils, Burton's gerbil (Gerbillus burtoni CR) and the hairy-footed gerbil (Gerbillus lowei CR), are both strictly endemic to the higher elevations of the Jebel Marra, with the latter confined to hillsides near the crater lakes (Happold 1966).
		Wickens, G.E. The Flora of the Jebel Marra (Sudan Republic) and its geographical affinities.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/at/at1303_full.html (1390 words)

	Jebel Marra Mountains - Multimedia - ninemsn Encarta
		Jebel Marra Mountains - Multimedia - ninemsn Encarta
		The jagged Jebel Marra mountains dominate the landscape in western Sudan.
		The range surrounds an extinct volcanic crater of the same name.
	au.encarta.msn.com /media_461523904_761559614_-1_1/Jebel_Marra_Mountains.html (30 words)

	Fur people - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The traditional heartland of the Fur is the mountainous region around Jebel Sî and Jebel Marra; today, however, most of them live in the lower country west and southwest of that area, between 11-14 N and 23-26 E. A few Fur live across the border in Chad.
		The Furs' lifestyle has led to conflict with the nomadic Baggara cattle-herders of the region concerning access to water and grazing land, particularly in Darfur's central Jebel Marra mountains where the best agricultural land is to be found.
		This has been the source of ethnic tensions for many years, culminating in the Darfur conflict, which began in 2003.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fur_people (231 words)

	Global Volcanism Program \| Jebel Marra \| Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The most prominent feature of the vast Jebel Marra volcanic field, located in the Darfur province of western Sudan, is the youthful Deriba caldera.
		The 5-km-wide, steep-walled caldera, located at the southern end of the volcanic field, was formed about 3500 years ago at the time of the eruption of voluminous airfall pumice and pyroclastic flows that traveled more than 30 km from the volcano.
		The Jebel Marra volcanic field covers a broad area of the Marra Mountains and contains early basaltic lava flows overlain by thick sequences of pyroclastic-flow deposits.
	www.volcano.si.edu /world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0205-03- (191 words)

	Bahr El Jebel: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		Discharges of the Bahr el Jebel at Mongalla and of the White Nile...
		...lake-studded plains around Tibesti, the Hoggar, the Air and Jebel Uweinat to the well-watered savanna woodlands and forests further...cultivated sorghum are documented scarcely anywhere except at Jebel et-Tomat on the White Nile, in the last centuries BC.
		The hills of Nouba and the Marra Jebel Mountains also served as refuge for...Gaawar settled on the west bank of Bahr el Jabal--the White Nile--in the first...pacifying the Nuba of the Tullishi jebel, or mountain, in 1932, freeing up labor...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/bahr-el-jebel.jsp?l=B&p=1 (1075 words)

	Boston.com / News / World / Africa / West Sudan Rebel Says Govt. Attacks Kill 175 People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Sudanese state radio reported Friday that the Sudanese army had captured the town of Tine, on the border with Chad and north of Geneina, the capital of West Darfur state.
		The SLA's Nur told Reuters four villages were burned and more than 75 civilians killed in government-led attacks on Saturday in the area of west Jebel Marra, about 200 km (125 miles) east of Geneina.
		He said by telephone from the region that SLA forces had killed 700 government troops and militia, known as the Janjaweed, in a counter attack in west Jebel Marra.
	www.boston.com /news/world/africa/articles/2004/02/01/west_sudan_rebel_says_govt_attacks_kill_175_people (504 words)

	Sudan: Urgent call for Commission of Inquiry in Darfur as situation deteriorates - news.amnesty - Amnesty International
		After an armed attack on government forces and the attack, apparently by bandits, on the manager of the Jebel Marra Development Project, Amnesty International is urging the Government of Sudan to set up an independent Commission of Inquiry into the situation in Darfur in the West of Sudan.
		Last month 13 Fur were arrested in the Jebel Marra area; they are still held incommunicado in detention centres in Niyertiti and al-Jeneina in West Darfur and have reportedly been tortured.
		Their leader said that the attack was in response to the lack of equality and underdevelopment of the Fur as well as the government’s failure to protect farmers from attack.
	news.amnesty.org /index/engafr540042003 (899 words)

	The Fur of Sudan and Chad -- A Cultural Profile
		Jebel Marra in that area is considered their traditional home.
		Their area includes plains and the volcanic mountain ranges of Jebel Marra and Jebel Si.
		There are wadis (dry rivers) which fill with water from Jebel Marra in the rainy season.
	orvillejenkins.com /profiles/fur.html (1843 words)

	Jebel Toubkal - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Jebel Toubkal - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Jebel Toubkal, mountain peak located in the Mount Toubkal National Park, in the High Atlas mountain ranges, south-western Morocco.
		Gerizim, ancient name of a small but prominent peak in Palestine now called Jebel el Tur.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Jebel_Toubkal.html (107 words)

	ReliefWeb » Professional Resources » Vacancies
		As part of its response to the current emergency in Sudan, GOAL is implementing a programme in Jebel Marra, West Darfur.
		To manage the logistical support of the GOAL Jebel Marra programme, including management of procurement, transport, storage, communications, vehicle maintenance and fuel, assets registration and monitoring, DIK registration and monitoring, logistics reporting and management of logistics team.
		To ensure that all goods received by GOAL Jebel Marra are recorded, stored and allocated in accordance with the GOAL logistics manual.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/res.nsf/db900SID/OCHA-6G3DSW?OpenDocument (1052 words)

	Bulletin No. 41 – Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Latest report on ICRC activities in the field: the ICRC is again able to work in the Jebel Marra region of Darfur, after an upsurge of violence made access impossible.
		Since the upsurge of violence in the Jebel Marra area of Western Darfur at the end of January 2006, the ICRC has been working hard to gain access to the inhabitants.
		Exacerbating the insecurity is the forbidding nature of the region's mountainous terrain, which forced the ICRC team to complete the final leg of their journey on foot along with donkeys and camels.
	www.icrc.org /web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/sudan-news-130406?opendocument (1323 words)

	Embassy of Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In the center of Jebel Marra is an extinct volcanic crater with a lake called the "Eye of Jebel Marra." Most visitors pay for a truck ride to the area from Nyala (see separate paragraph).
		Although the government has control of the city, we would be wary of flights into the airport since rebels control the surrounding countryside (an Air Sudan jetliner was shot down in Juba a few years ago).
		At the end of the western railway from Khartoum, Nyala is the nearest rail station to Jebel Marra (see separate paragraph).
	www.sudanembassy.org /default.asp?page=traveltourism_citiesofsudan (1397 words)

	Image of Jebel Marra, Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This excellent view of Jebel Marra Volcano Caldera, Sudan, Africa (13.0N, 24.5E) shows the collapsed mouth of this ancient volcano withh two smaller calderas now acting as lakes.
		As one of the highest regions of the eastern Sahara Desert, the Jebel Marra receives more rainfall than the surrounding desert.
		The radial pattern of streams flowing away from the highest points of the calderas is accentuated by a large dark colored lava flow.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/volc_images/img_jebel_marra.html (84 words)

	UNICEF - Darfur (Sudan/Chad) - Región en crisis - Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		JEBEL MARRA, Sudan, 7 June 2005 - "I was happy in my previous life.
		Her home region, Jebel Marra, was once a paradise: abundant with fruit, popular with tourists and considered an important farming region for Darfur - and all of Sudan.
		Now the region, including Finna, an SLA (Sudanese Liberation Army)-controlled area in Jebel Marra, is described as dry and harsh and abundant with despair.
	www.unicef.org /spanish/protection/index_27285.html (985 words)

	Clashes displace tens of thousands in Jebel Marra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The ICRC assessment found that people living in villages in southwestern Jebel Marra, including Kelling, Sorong and Dursa, had been cut off from any assistance for months.
		However, it noted that because of a relatively good harvest in 2005 in what is regarded as one of the most fertile areas of Darfur, and thanks to the distributions carried out until mid-January 2006, the current food situation remained acceptable.
		Another source in the region said that in the whole Jebel Marra area - which is considered an SLA stronghold - there was "a return to outright hostilities with significant re-displacement".
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=52846 (553 words)

	Information on Potato Production in Sudan.
		The area around Jebel Marra in the western part of the country is the second most important potato area of Sudan, although production figures are not available.
		Soils are generally fertile, derived from volcanic materials in the uplands and from fluvial deposits in the valleys.
		As in the case of Jebal Marra, conditions of soil, temperature, and rainfall make the southern highlands an attractive potential area for potato cultivation.
	lanra.anthro.uga.edu /potato/africa/sudan.htm (1719 words)

	Sudan
		Nevertheless, a conference of 42 people in Butke, Jebel Marra in March 2002 created the new movement, giving the position of chairman to a Fur, the military command to a Zaghawa, and the deputy chairmanship to the Massaleit, with each tribe to pick its representative.
		As the military prowess of the Zaghawa-wing grew, the Fur continued to operate in the Jebel Marra area, while the Massaleit, under former SPLM Commander Adam “Bazooka”, conducted operations in their tribal areas of West Darfur.
		While Minni’s recent return to Darfur initially appeared to strengthen his support on the ground, there are reports of serious abuses of the civilian population in the areas east of Jebel Marra controlled by, or exposed to, the operations of his faction.
	www.sudaneseonline.com /enews2005/oct6-60717.shtml (9439 words)

	AQUASTAT - FAO's Information System on Water and Agriculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		On the north-east it is bordered by the Red Sea and it shares common borders with nine countries: Eritrea and Ethiopia in the east, Kenya, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo in the south, The Central African Republic, Chad and the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya in the west, and Egypt in the north.
		The country is a gently sloping plain with the exception of Jebel Marra, the Red Sea Hills, Nuba Mountains and Imatong Hills.
		A small barrage was constructed on the Rahad River to divert floodwater to the Rahad Agricultural Scheme and to siphon underneath the Dinder River to augment the water supply during the dry season from the Meina Pump Station on the Blue Nile.
	www.fao.org /ag/agl/aglw/aquastat/countries/sudan/index.htm (6361 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Sudan - Ethnic tensions stoked by government to control land
		The Africans, Sunni Muslims like the Arabs, occupy Darfur’s central Jebel Marra massif, a little-known region of lush fertile valleys and volcanic mountains rising to more than 10,000ft, bounded to the north and east by arid plains fading into desert.
		The Jebel Marra has been occupied for centuries by settled, fl, traditional cultivators, dominated by the Fur tribe.
		It is in the Jebel Marra that the main fighting is now taking place between government Arab militias, the so-called called Janjaweed (Men on Horseback), and the main fl resistance movement, the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA).
	news.scotsman.com /topics.cfm?tid=1160&id=659012004 (934 words)

	Local aid worker returns from ravaged Darfur :: ABC North Coast NSW
		Mr Ross says 80 per cent of villages in central Jebel Marra were destroyed.
		The Jebel Marra had this almost mythical reputation as the most dangerous place in Darfur.
		"Things are far from perfect in the Jebel Marra and other parts of Darfur and it has to be said that the local folk are in many cases unlikely to return to their villages of origin for some time to come, maybe even years."
	www.abc.net.au /northcoast/stories/s1365159.htm (1154 words)

	Account of incidents in Darfur, May 2002-Feb.2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The government assigned General Adam Haroon, who was an army officer in Juba, they assigned him as commander for the army in Zalingei, He is saying that he will have 4000 soldiers their mission is to clean the "Jebel Marra" mountain from the rebels.
		The soldiers are harassing the civil population asking them about the places of the armed Fur in the jebel.
		Ahmed Musa, a Berti, Manager of the Jebel Marra Development, project was driving his car when he reached the blocked point, armed men opened fire on his cars, he, his daughter and son were killed, the driver, his wife and others are seriously injured.
	www.darfurinfo.org /fdaincidents.html (2330 words)

	FDA Appeal: Torture in Jebel Marra, 03/05/2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This tragic incidence took place on March 05/2003 in Jabal Marra area when government forces and Arab militias (Janaweed) this time known as (Abu 'Ishreen), attacked the villages of Rokirro, Rasheed and Tibon.
		As a result of this destructive invasion, the people of the three villages are now homeless and are in desperate need for shelter, food, medical and psychological treatments.
		The association also urges the UN and those who concern to form a neutral commission to investigate and stop war against innocent civilians in Jabel Marra.
	www.darfurinfo.org /furaapl0305.html (142 words)

	Alpha Centauri's Universe: Earth Image Archive - Marra Massif
		The volcanic Jebel Marra, located in west-central Sudan near the border of Chad, separates the Nile River and Lake Chad basins.
		The most obvious feature of the Jebel Marra is the Deriba caldera, which measures 3 miles (5 kilometers) in diameter and has one of its peaks rising almost 10 000 feet (3050 meters) above sea level.
		Geologists estimate that this volcano had its last major eruption in 2000 B.C. The volcanic plateau that formed outward for many miles from the Deriba caldera—especially to the southeast—shows deeply dissected volcanic rocks that present a formidable barrier to land travel through this region of Sudan.
	www.earthandspace.info /contents/earth0191b.htm (195 words)

	ICRC staff member killed in Sudan
		Geneva (ICRC) – The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has learned that one of its staff members, a 31-year-old Sudanese national, was killed east of the Jebel Marra mountains in North Darfur after being abducted.
		The staff member was part of an ICRC team stopped by an unidentified group of armed men on 16 August after distributing food in the area.
		ICRC activities east of the Jebel Marra mountains have been suspended since the incident took place.
	www.icrc.org /Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/sudan-news-300806 (248 words)

	Article
		The SLA's Nur told Reuters four villages were burned and more than 75 civilians killed in government-led attacks on Saturday in the area of west Jebel Marra.
		SLA forces killed 700 government troops and militia, known as the Janjaweed, in a counter attack in west Jebel Marra.
		Nur said more than 100 civilians were also killed on Saturday when five villages were torched in the Jebel Moon area.
	www.rantburg.com /poparticle.php?ID=25452&D=2004-02-02&HC=1 (448 words)

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