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	Massacre in Jedwabne - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Massacre in Jedwabne or Jedwabne Pogrom was an event in July 1941, during World War II where a significant part of (or most of, according to J.
		Gross) the Jewish population of the Polish village of Jedwabne was massacred, many of them burned alive, by their non-Jewish neighbors.
		In July 1941, much of the Jewish population of Jedwabne, a village of about 2,500 inhabitants in Poland was massacred.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Massacre_in_Jedwabne (672 words)

	Gross, J.T.: Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland.
		It is a story of surprises: The newly occupying German army did not compel the massacre, and Jedwabne's Jews and Christians had previously enjoyed cordial relations.
		After the war, the nearby family who saved Jedwabne's surviving Jews was derided and driven from the area.
		Most arresting is the sinking realization that Jedwabne's Jews were clubbed, drowned, gutted, and burned not by faceless Nazis, but by people whose features and names they knew well: their former schoolmates and those who sold them food, bought their milk, and chatted with them in the street.
	pup.princeton.edu /titles/7018.html (626 words)

	Reflections on the Jedwabne Debate
		This is the murder of over 60 percent of the inhabitants of an impoverished town by their compatriots and neighbors with whom the victims had lived for generations.
		Knowledge of the mass murder committed in Jedwabne is an enormous shock to Poles, one that clashes with their national myth about the war years.
		The regime of lawlessness and disregard for human life imposed by the Germans provoked the massacre in Jedwabne, a tragedy which is but a small part of the enormous devastation of the Holocaust—yet it is a tragedy for the Jews and a chapter in the history of the Poles.
	www1.yadvashem.org /about_yad/magazine/data5/jedwabne.html (1095 words)

	Jedwabne - Father Orlowski
		From July 1 1998 I became the Dean and Pastor of the Parish in Jedwabne.
		They lived and conducted activities in Jedwabne, but the Jews were spying on them, so they relocated to the neighboring village of Kubrzany, but there also they were spied upon.
		The prisoners forced the doors, got out of the prison and returned to Jedwabne, where they met the Jews who had escorted their convoy.
	www.naszawitryna.pl /jedwabne_en_80.html (1232 words)

	POLISH NEWS - PN Interview Page - Jedwabne Without Stereotypes... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The skewed view of the World War II is already a problem in Germany, where, while commenting on Jedwabne, the popular press presents solely the Jews as victims of nazi politics and the war.
		TS: The pogrom of Jedwabne was one of the so- called self-purging actions, which was inspired by the Germans and supervised by the Germans, but which was physically performed by the locals, in this case the Polish population of Jedwabne.
		Jedwabne was the beginning of the Holocaust that later spread over the Bialystok area, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine and Moldova.
	www.polishnews.com /fulltext/interview/2002/interview75_2.shtml (4847 words)

	Harvard Gazette: Massacre in Jedwabne re-examined at CES
		Jedwabne, located in the northeast corner of the country, was the scene of a shocking 1941 massacre in which somewhere between 400 and 1,600 Polish Jews were herded into a barn and burned alive by their Christian neighbors.
		On the 60th anniversary of the massacre, a ceremony was held in Jedwabne honoring the Jews who died there.
		Many of these, however, have either remained silent about their good deeds for fear of reprisals or, as in the case of a former mayor of Jedwabne now living in the United States, have been forced into exile by the hostility of their neighbors.
	www.news.harvard.edu /gazette/2005/05.05/05-jedwabne.html (824 words)

	POLISH NEWS - Politics Page - Poland's Kwasniewski apologizes for Jedwabne pogrom. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Jedwabne's current Catholic pastor Father Edward Or3owski refused to attend the ceremony saying 'the whole thing is a lie and I will not take part in a lie.' But he cordially received Rabbi Baker when the frail, gray-bearded 90-year-old turned up at his rectory and the two reminisced about common friends rather than the ceremony.
		Although the Jedwabne pogrom had been written about at various times during the intervening period, it was only Jan Gross's book 'Neighbors' that unleashed a fierce debate that shows no signs of subsiding any time soon.
		In essence, the Polish-born scholar alleged that on July 10, 1941 the Polish residents of the small northeastern town of Jedwabne in the Bia3ystok region murdered the Jewish half of the population.
	www.polishnews.com /fulltext/politics/2001/politics63_3.shtml (2145 words)

	Jedwabne: 10th July 1941
		In the testimonials there is mention of the fact that German policeman hit some of the Jedwabne Poles in the face with rifle butts or their hands, which is evidence that some of them did not want to go to the town square.
		In the Jedwabne Memorial Book, compiled by Jews and published in the United States in 1980, the number 1400 is given; then again, in the documents of the investigation which were conducted in the 1960's and 1970's by the prosecutor, Waldemar Monkiewicz, mention is made of 800 to 1200 murdered Jews.
		That which occurred in Jedwabne and Radziłów was an act of annihilation, and the Poles, in contrast to the Germans, had no such plans or intentions.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /classroom/J/Mach.html (2758 words)

	Jedwabne Tragedy
		In the Fall of 1939, Jedwabne (pron: Yedvabneh], a small town with a population of almost 3,000 in northeastern Poland, came under Soviet occupation.
		On July 10, 1941, some members of the Polish population of Jedwabne participated in the slaughter of several hundred of the town's 900 to 1600 Jews.
		Two volumes of documents, inquiries and analyses resultiing from the Institute's Jedwabne inquiry are to be published in due course.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /classroom/J (570 words)

	Jedwabne - all english articles in the site
		It is absurd to accuse even all the inhabitants of Jedwabne (because, contrary to Gross's opinion, only individuals took part in those events), not to mention the whole nation, and equally absurd is to apologize in the name of everybody...
		Our conversation, conducted in Jedwabne, was concerned with that battle and not with the relations in the town where both ladies used to live.
		The very same communists from Jedwabne - Poles, driven by personal vendettas - became witnesses and accused everybody who ever had crossed them; for example, Stanislaw Kozlowski, a commonly respected Pole, whose daughter was the wife of a Lomza judge and whose son was inspector-general of schools in Torun, found himself among the defendants.
	www.geocities.com /jedwabne/english/jedwabne.htm (16497 words)

	Yedwabne, Poland (Burning Alive article) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		During a visit to Jedwabne in 1985, I came face to face with the monument falsely attributing full responsibility to the Germans and denying the principal role that Polish residents of Jedwabne had in the annihilation of their Jewish neighbors.
		During this meeting, the mayor acknowledged that the existing monument attributing the murder of the Jedwabne Jews solely to the Germans was a falsification of history, and he agreed in principle to replace the inscription on the monument with a historically accurate one: i.e acknowledging that the actual murderers were Poles.
		The most detailed Polish account of the events in Jedwabne was presented in 1989 by Waldemar Monkiewicz, a public prosecutor and member of the Bialystok Regional Commission for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes in Poland, in Studia Podlaskie [Podlasie Studies] published by the University of Bialystok.
	www.jewishgen.org /yizkor/jedwabne/yed999.html (4443 words)

	Tomasz Strzembosz Jedwabne 1941
		The conviction of the local community that it was the Germans who had burnt the Jews in Jedwabne and that the same could happen to the Poles is present in the account by father Kazimierz Olszewski, the priest at the Center for the Blind in Laski by Warsaw.
		Some historians and Jedwabne residents argue the killing was committed by Germans or by a small group of local Poles acting on the orders of the Nazis.
		As Strzembosz; stresses, in its justification of the verdict in the Jedwabne case after the war a court stated that'Wasersztajn was not a direct witness" of this event.
	www.antyk.org.pl /ojczyzna/jedwabne/strzembosz.htm (18093 words)

	Pogonowski on Jedwabne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Today, as we are contemplating the tragedy of Jedwabne of sixty years ago, it is a bitter irony to see what has been called the "politics of apology and contrition" being used by post-communist leaders in an attempt to re-write the historical record.
		It is not appropriate, however, to falsely implicate innocent nation for the crime of Jedwabne, and to exonerate German perpetrators, by convenient selective memory of the historical facts, and in process to obscure the crimes of the communist party.
		In Jedwabne the local reaction to the current investigation of the crime is full of distrust.
	www.pacwashmetrodiv.org /events/jedwabne/pogonowski.text.htm (2941 words)

	Penitence and Prejudice: The Roman Catholic Church and Jedwabne - Laurence Weinbaum
		It either negates the participation of Poles at Jedwabne, or tries to play it down....The second small camp sees in the publication of the truth about Jedwabne a chance for the cleaning of Polish memory of the period of the occupation, and a stimulus toward fighting anti-Semitism in Poland today.
		The slaughter at Jedwabne and neighboring communities was clearly well beyond the scope of the 1995 declaration of the Polish Episcopate Commission for Dialogue with Judaism issued on the 50th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkeanu.
		Glemp's attempt to "contextualize" the slaughter by comparing it to the bloodshed in the Middle East, and one assumes that his use of the word "neighbors" was hardly incidental, led the way for the response from the nationalist wing of the church.
	www.jcpa.org /phas/phas-weinbaum-f02.htm (8911 words)

	Chodakiewicz on Jedwabne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Thus, between 1939 and 1945 Jedwabne was constantly at the mercy of the local police force, whereas afterward it had to reckon intermittently with periodic raids by the outside Communist security units.
		Thus, because of the weakness of the occupation regime, Jedwabne and its environs enjoyed a measure of prosperity from 1945 until 1949.
		The population of the town of Jedwabne dropped from 3,000 to 1,850 inhabitants.
	www.pacwashmetrodiv.org /events/jedwabne/chodakiewicz.text.htm (4739 words)

	POLISH NEWS - Essay Page - What Happened in Jedwabne and Radzilow? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The author alleges that in 1941, immediately following the German attack on the Soviet Union Poles in the small towns of Jedwabne and Radzilow in northeastern Poland (near Lomza) attacked and murdered their Jewish neighbors in a particularly brutal fashion: by burning many of them alive.
		In this case the truth is very complicated and makes a poor sound - bite - even more so be-cause in the case of Jedwabne and Radzilow the truth is going to prove messy and ugly, leaving few of the participants with clean hands.
		Jedwabne and Radzilow seem to have been about 50 percent Jewish.
	www.polishnews.com /fulltext/essay/2001/essay58_7.shtml (985 words)

	Jewish and Israel News from New York - The Jewish Week
		“The murders of innocents in Jedwabne, Katyn [where Polish military leaders were killed by Soviet police], Dachau, Auschwitz, elicit our pain as members of the human species in the same way as murders in Rwanda, in the Balkans, or among neighbors in Palestine,” Cardinal Glemp said in a radio address.
		Gross confirms that the torture and killings of Jedwabne’s Jews came at the hands of their Polish neighbors and not by the Nazis, as some Poles maintain, and as a memorial plaque at the site claims.
		Jedwabne is also being used as an issue by Poland’s extreme Christian nationalists.
	www.thejewishweek.com /news/newscontent.php3?artid=4178 (1297 words)

	Center for Holocaust, Genocide & Peace Studies
		Jedwabne is located in the Bialystock region of northeastern Poland.
		According to the author, during the course of an entire day, the town of Jedwabne became a slaughterhouse, as its Jews were dragged from their homes and savagely butchered.
		The Jews of Jedwabne were stoned, mutilated, decapitated, drowned and, in some cases, buried alive.
	www.unr.edu /chgps/cn/sp01/10.htm (958 words)

	Antisemitism Worldwide 2001/2 - Wistrich
		Subsequently, on visiting Jedwabne, he learned that the whole story was very well documented, that witnesses were still alive, and that the memory of the crime had been preserved in Jedwabne through the generations.
		Jedwabne was not the only small town in Poland where Jews were taunted, beaten, stabbed and then burned alive in a barn.
		Even the Wyrzkowski family who heroically saved seven Jedwabne Jews at considerable risk to their lives were obliged to hide this fact from their neighbors and were later forced to flee the region.
	www.tau.ac.il /Anti-Semitism/asw2001-2/wistrich.htm (5299 words)

	We Remember Jewish Jedwabne!
		Szmul ("Samuel") Waserstajn, an eyewitness to the tragic events in Jedwabne "With his own eyes" he saw the stoning of Jakub Kac ("Jacob Katz"); Eliasz Krawiecki was stabbed repeatedly with knives, then his eyes were gouged out and his tongue was cut off.
		My hope is that those rare matzevot, last traces of Jewish existence in Jedwabne, remnants of the Jewish culture, faith and life will be integrated in the new memorial to the Jews, now being planned in Jedwabne for the 60 yahrzeit of the massacre.
		The descendants of those honest and innocent Jews buried in the soil of Jedwabne for centuries, were brutally burnt alive by their former Polish neighbors and no one has a grave of his own.
	www.zchor.org /jedwabne/jedindex.htm (1553 words)

	Rzeczpospolita Article About Jedwabne and Radzilow
		By order of the Nazi government, he took part in a burial of victims, who were murdered by a group of local Poles on the order, inspiration or permission of the Germans.
		In 1949 it was the basis to begin legal proceedings against the mentioned instigators of the crimes and was recently, after years of silence, published.
		We can assume that it was altered by about a month, because in August 1941 in the Bialystok district, there were no examples of Poles participating in Jewish murdering, which took place in a few places in the last week of June and in July.
	www.radzilow.com /rzeczpospolita.htm (2405 words)

	Massacre in Jedwabne -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Active involvement of (In this sense `Gentile' denotes a Christian as contrasted with a Jew; `goy' is a derogatory word for Christians used by Jews) Gentile Poles is beyond doubt, but the question of possible German participation hasn't been completely settled.
		Jan T. Gross, Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland, Princeton University Press, 2001, ISBN 0142002402.
		Antony Polonsky & Joanna B. Michlic (editors), The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland, Princeton University Press, 2003, ISBN 0691113068.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/massacre_in_jedwabne.htm (460 words)

	Race Matters - In Jedwabne, by George Will
		A Pole recalls that "the Jewish population became a toy in the hands of the Poles." The Holocaust has been called a manifestation of modernity because of its industrialization of murder.
		Christopher Browning, author of "Ordinary Men," a study of middle-aged German conscripts who became consenting participants in mass-murder police battalions in Poland, argued that cruelties inflicted by the Khmer Rouge against fellow Cambodians and by Chinese against Chinese during Mao's Cultural Revolution cannot be explained by Goldhagen's model—centuries of conditioning by a single idea.
		Neither can Jedwabne be explained by Easter sermons characterizing Jews as God-killers, or by medieval myths about ritual murders of children by Jews, or by lust for plunder.
	www.racematters.org /injedwabnebygeorgewill.htm (855 words)

	Jedwabne - We Refuse to Accept the Propaganda of Hatred and Lies
		On this webpage, we will try to present the other side of the Jedwabne story, as seen by those Polish historians and journalists who, unlike some other Polish historians and journalists, dare to question Gross's gross revelations.
		Leokadia Blajszczak, an eyewitness to the Jedwabne tragedy, by Grazyna Dziedzinska
		Jedwabne and the Will to remain ignorant, George!
	www.geocities.com /jedwabne/english (933 words)

	THE LATEST WORD by Prof. Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski
		Gross admitted that he made a foolish mistake by naming two more witnesses, one never lived or was near Jedwabne, the other was in Siberia at the time.
		Not surprisingly, this aspect of living in a Soviet occupied country is never mentioned in "Neighbors." Since the Soviets took over, there were more Jewish denouncers to Soviet authorities in the Lomza district than any other parts of occupied Poland.
		The trial of the Jedwabne massacre that took place in 1949 was conducted by communist UB (Office of State Security).
	www.geocities.com /jedwabne/english/the_latest_word.htm (1403 words)

	CER \| Poland: Making sense of the Jedwabne pogrom
		But now that the culpability of Polish villagers in the Jedwabne pogrom has been established, many Poles seem unwilling to admit that they could be anything other than victims, despite the events of almost sixty years ago.
		That was the extent of the Church's expression of sympathy in regard to the Jedwabne pogrom.
		Moreover, Gross writes that days before the Jedwabne massacre, a likely pogrom was averted after the spiritual leader of the Jewish community visited the Jedwabne priest.
	www.ce-review.org /01/14/orlet14.html (1325 words)

	Jewish Post - News - Families of Murdered Jews Protest Recent Polish Decisions on Jedwabne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		One facet of these reports is lacking, however, the feelings of the descendants and relatives of those who were murdered.
		We, the descendents and relatives of the murdered Jedwabne Jews, have had no input into any of these decisions.
		We, the descendants and relatives of the murdered Jews of Jedwabne, have agonized for many years over the fate of our loved ones and the attempt to obliterate their memory.
	www.jewishpost.com /jp0710/jpn0710x.htm (424 words)

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