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Topic: Jedwabne Pogrom

	The Need for Atonement
		The ceremonial commemoration of the victims of the bloody pogrom at Jedwabne under the call Do Not Kill, with the participation of the Primate, of bishops, of representatives of the highest state and civil authorities, and of Jewish organizations could become a symbolic act of atonement that is so necessary.
		From documents in the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw, it appears that the pogrom in Jedwabne was not an isolated incident.
		Jedwabne was not a common phenomenon throughout Poland.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /classroom/J/Nowak.html (2087 words)

	Pogrom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pogrom (from Russian: погром; from "громить" - to wreak havoc, to demolish violently) is a form of riot, a massive violent attack on a particular group; ethnic, religious or other, primarily characterized by destruction of their environment (homes, businesses, religious centers).
		The first pogrom of this sort is often considered to be the 1821 anti-Jewish riots in Odessa (modern Ukraine) after the death of the Greek Orthodox patriarch in Constantinople, in which 14 Jews were killed.
		Many pogroms accompanied the Revolution of 1917 and the ensuing Russian Civil War, an estimated 70,000 to 250,000 civilian Jews were killed in the atrocities throughout the former Russian Empire; the number of Jewish orphans exceeded 300,000.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pogrom (1672 words)

	Pogrom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The first pogrom of this sort is often considered to be the 1821 anti-Jewish riots in Odessa after the death of the Greek Orthodox patriarch in Constantinople, in which 14 Jews were killed.
		Many pogroms accompanied the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the ensuing Russian Civil War, an estimated 70,000 to 250,000 civilian Jews were killed in the atrocities throughout the former Russian Empire; the number of Jewish orphans exceeded 300,000.
		Perhaps the deadliest of these Holocaust-era pogroms was the Iaşi pogrom in Romania, in which as many as 14,000 Jews were killed by Romanian citizens, police, and military officials.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Pogrom.htm (1510 words)

	Presse-Info JEDWABNE
		Nie wieder dürfe sich wiederholen, was 1941 in der Stadt Jedwabne geschah.
		In Jedwabne selbst blieben viele Einwohner der Feier fern, da sie sich pauschal verurteilt sahen.
		Nie wieder dürfe sich wiederholen, was 1941 in der Stadt Jedwabne geschah, sagte der Präsident.
	www.juedisches-archiv-chfrank.de /ns-crime/jedwabne.htm (12457 words)

	Jedwabne pogrom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Jedwabne Pogrom (or Jedwabne Massacre) was a massacre of Jewish people living in and near the town of Jedwabne in Poland that occurred during World War II, in July 1941.
		The small town of Wizna, for example, near Jedwabne in the northeast of Poland, saw several dozen Jewish men shot by the invading Germans.
		Many witnesses claim to have seen German soldiers that day in Jedwabne, whereas others contend that there were no Germans in the town at that time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Massacre_in_Jedwabne (723 words)

	taz, die tageszeitung
		In Jedwabne, einer Kleinstadt in der Nähe von Bialystok an der Grenze zu Litauen, ermorden christliche Polen ihre jüdischen Nachbarn.
		Es ist das größte und wohl brutalste bislang bekannt gewordene Pogrom in Polen: Über 1.600 Kinder, Frauen und Männer werden erschlagen, erstochen, zu Tode geprügelt und bei lebendigem Leib verbrannt.
		Als Oberhaupt der katholischen Kirche Polens wolle er nicht nach Jedwabne fahren und dort für die Verbrechen der Katholiken an den Juden um Vergebung bitten, vielmehr wolle er gemeinsam mit dem Rabbiner von Warschau und Lodz eine Sühnegebet vor dem Ghettodenkmal, in der Synagoge oder an einem anderen heiligen Ort abhalten.
	www.taz.de /pt/2001/03/21/a0115.nf/text (1607 words)

	Polish historians question credibility of witnesses cited in 1941 pogrom book - BBC
		As Strzembosz stresses, in its justification of the verdict in the Jedwabne case after the war a court stated that "Wasersztajn was not a direct witness" of this event.
		An investigation into the case of the mass-murder of the Jews of Jedwabne, who were burnt to death in a barn on 10 July 1941, is being conducted by the National Remembrance Institute IPN.
		Jedwabne was a part of those territories of the Polish Second Republic that were occupied by the USSR between 17 September 1939 and the German aggression on the USSR on 22 June 1941.
	www.naszawitryna.pl /jedwabne/english/bbc_polish_historians.htm (522 words)

	Jedwabne - Polish massacre of innocent Jews? - by Robert Strybel
		While historians of every persuasion agree that some Poles did take part in the pogrom, the extent of their participation, the role of the Germans and even the number of victims have remained in dispute.
		The issue has divided Poles and Polish Americans, religious leaders, historians, politicians, journalists and even the townspeople of Jedwabne who are sick of being badgered by the reporters and TV crews that have descended on their town.
		And in the case of Jedwabne it certainly does not confirm his thesis alleging the spontaneous and mass participation of the Polish community" in the Holocaust.
	www.geocities.com /jedwabne/english/robert_strybel.htm (1458 words)

	Poles were responsible for the massacre -- not the Nazis- HiddenMysteries News Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A new book about the pogrom has undermined the self-image among many Poles that they were solely victims of the Nazi occupation, and has sparked a bitter controversy over Poland's legacy of anti-Semitism.
		Jedwabne was a poor town of about 2,400, more than 60 per cent of whom were Jewish.
		Many Poles, however, have reacted defensively, arguing that Jedwabne was an exceptional incident that must not be used to tar the Polish people as collaborators in the Holocaust.
	www.hiddenmysteries.org /news/america/canada/032701a.html (949 words)

	: : : : F O R U M : : : : Żydzi - Polacy - Chrześcijanie
		Through the examination of debris of ammunition found in Jedwabne it has been established that the hypothesis that Jews driven to the barn (where the crime was committed) were shot at was not confirmed.
		The discussion about Jedwabne opens wounds, says Agnieszka Arnold, the director of the documentary "Neighbors." The "mathematicians" dealing with the question as to whether the barn in Jedwabne was large enough for 1600 Jews to have been killed there should know that the barn itself was not the sole site of the murder.
		In the discussion surrounding the case of Jedwabne a considerable distance may be noticed; the dominating tone is one of a technocratic nature.
	www.znak.com.pl /forum/index-en.php?b=indeks&q=Jedwabne&l=en (4651 words)

	Race Matters - Polish Town Still Tries to Forget Its Dark Past
		Bones and charred remains were exhumed, and contemporary accounts inidcate that half the adult men in Jedwabne, as well as women and children, took part in the pogrom, some watching, some helping to round up those who tried to escape and others killing Jews with their own hands.
		Her husband's late grandfather, who was tried in 1949 for complicity in the pogrom, and other aging relatives told a story quite different from what has been reported, she said.
		She is inclined to leave Jedwabne, a place tainted by a deed for which, she said, she is not and cannot be responsible.
	www.racematters.org /jedwabne.htm (915 words)

	Pogrom - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Such facts as the indifference of Russian police and army were duly noted, e.g., during the three-day First Kishinev pogrom of 1903, as well as the preceding inciting anti-Jewish articles in newspapers, a hint that pogroms were in line with the internal policy of Imperial Russia.
		The deadliest pogroms during the Holocaust occurred at the hands of non-Germans.
		Particularly well-known and relatively well-documented was the Jedwabne pogrom of 1941, in which Polish citizens killed about 380 (according to Instytut Pamięci Narodowej's investigation) to 1,600 (according to Jan Tomasz Gross's book Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland) of their Jewish neighbors probably without any German assistance.
	www.gurgaongrid.com /mediawiki/index.php/Pogrom (1541 words)

	CM2002 Article: Joanna Zylinska
		The story of Jedwabne thus constitutes an aporia of knowledge: it is a place where the Hebraic and Hellenic traditions embrace each other, in their mutual insufficiency and failure, in the face of ‘the inconceivable which had happened’.
		Gross’ narrative of Jedwabne is thus not only a sacrilege of allowing oneself to see the unrepresentable, and resorting first to image in order to see it with his own eyes, and then to writing in order to preserve the lost memory, it is also a betrayal of memory-as-haunting, as absent presence.
		But Jedwabne did perhaps involve the failure of language, of the discourse of national identity which could not think ‘Polishness’ as overflowing the traditional model of space, or reconcile the concept of sameness underpinning the idea of citizenship with the intrinsic alterity inhabiting it.
	culturemachine.tees.ac.uk /cmach/backissues/j004/Articles/Zylinska.htm (7794 words)

	Warsaw Voice - End of the Investigation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		According to the findings of the investigation into the 1941 Jedwabne pogrom, announced by the National Remembrance Institute (IPN) on July 9, the Jews of Jedwabne were killed by a group of Polish civilians.
		According to Andrzej Przewoźnik, secretary general of the Council for the Remembrance of Struggle and Martyrdom-the body that negotiated the wording of the inscription on the monument in Jedwabne last year and is responsible for supervision of such monuments, the council is not too concerned with this issue at present.
		Przewoźnik said the council's actions related to the Jedwabne case are focused on commemorating the victims of the crime rather than commenting on statements made by the IPN and the Yad Vashem Institute.
	www.warsawvoice.pl /archiwum.phtml/2063 (974 words)

	POLISH NEWS - Politics Page - Poland's Kwasniewski apologizes for Jedwabne pogrom. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Jedwabne's current Catholic pastor Father Edward Or3owski refused to attend the ceremony saying 'the whole thing is a lie and I will not take part in a lie.' But he cordially received Rabbi Baker when the frail, gray-bearded 90-year-old turned up at his rectory and the two reminisced about common friends rather than the ceremony.
		Although the Jedwabne pogrom had been written about at various times during the intervening period, it was only Jan Gross's book 'Neighbors' that unleashed a fierce debate that shows no signs of subsiding any time soon.
		And it is also probably true that the pogrom would not have occurred if the Soviets had not annexed and occupied the area for nearly two years prior to the German takeover.
	www.polishnews.com /fulltext/politics/2001/politics63_3.shtml (2145 words)

	An Interview with Ty Rogers
		Are you preparing to visit Jedwabne in July for the observance of the 60th anniversary of the pogrom?
		The first time that I went to Jedwabne was in 1985 while I was studying in Poznan.
		I also had a hand drawn map of Jedwabne copied from the memorial book which showed the barn in which the Jews were burned.
	www.zchor.org /jedwabne/interview.htm (754 words)

	The Nationalism Project: Book Review: Neighbors - The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		According to the traditional interpretation, then, almost every Polish moral or historical responsibility for Holocaust crimes that occurred in occupied Poland is not recognized as viable, and is simply attributed to the omnipotent totalitarian regime which controlled each and every aspect of life and the state's ethnic policies in the early 1940s.
		Gross does not pay much attention to the possibly crucial fact that the pre-war Jewish-Polish relations in Jedwabne did have a serious volatile dimension to them, and this might be one of the rare major flaws of his study.
		However, various scholarly studies done on the causes and effects of the 1990s wars of Yugoslav succession persuasively demonstrated that inhabitants of ethnically and religiously mixed areas were prone to having two parallel and radically dissimilar mental frameworks for dealing with the issues of national diversity.
	www.nationalismproject.org /books/bookrevs/JanGross.html (953 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| Poles blamed for wartime massacres
		The report - due to be published on Monday - says the Jedwabne pogrom was not an isolated incident, and that hundreds of Jews were murdered in similar attacks by Poles in more than 20 towns in the same region.
		The evidence about the Jedwabne pogrom has shaken many Poles' view that they were only victims during the war, as all the massacres had previously been blamed on Nazi troops.
		The 1,500-page report "Around Jedwabne" lists the names of more than 100 murdered Jews and at least as many of suspected killers, according to Rzechzpospolita newspaper, which saw a preview of the report.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/2392591.stm (416 words)

	RFE/RL: Poland: Seeking Truth About 1941 Pogrom
		The institute, which launched an investigation into the pogrom last year, said in the declaration: "The task of the IPN is to determine all the circumstances of the crime in Jedwabne and to indicate its perpetrators.
		Declaring the willingness to commemorate the tragic drama at Jedwabne, we express the hope that the memory of this will serve the reconciliation of Poles and Jews, nations that have suffered so painfully through the genocide of the 20th century," the IPN concluded.
		The IPN noted that some of the witnesses it questioned were between 10 and 14 years old at the time of the Jedwabne pogrom and had not been questioned earlier.
	lists.delfi.lv /pipermail/minelres/2001-March/001144.html (768 words)

	The National Polish-American — Jewish-American Council
		Gross' book was published in Polish last year, and initiated a serious and important public discussion concerning a pogrom in Jedwabne, a small village in northeast Poland, and the role Poles played in the crime.
		Nevertheless, we cannot allow the case of Jedwabne to serve the purpose of spreading false theses about Poland's co-responsibility for the Holocaust·;" It is exceedingly important not to perceive the tragedy of Jedwabne as a reflection on the Polish people.
		The Council is pleased that the erroneous memorial tablet in Jedwabne was removed, and we hope that a new memorial tablet will reflect the historical truth.
	www.npajac.org /press/20010326_jedwabne_massacre.html (562 words)

	Gross is lying about Jedwabne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Gross alleged in his book that on 10 July 1941, shortly after the town of Jedwabne in northeastern Poland was occupied by German troops, Polish residents of Jedwabne herded some 1,600 Jews into a barn and burned them alive.
		Gross's book, published in Polish last year and due to appear in English this month, alleges that the Jedwabne murder was perpetrated by Poles alone, without any incitement from the Nazi forces occupying the town.
		Strzembosz added that files of the Lomza court from 1949 and 1953 (concerning trials of some participants in the Jedwabne pogrom) state that "Wasersztajn was not a direct witness" to the pogrom.
	sfpol.com /gg.html (468 words)

	Holocaust Record @ LaunchBase.net (Launch Base) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Early elements of the Holocaust include the Kristallnacht pogrom of the 8th and 9th November 1938 and the T-4 Euthanasia Program, leading to the later use of killing squads and extermination camps in a massive and centrally organized effort to exterminate every possible member of the populations targeted by Adolf Hitler and the Nazis.
		The commonly used figure for the number of Jewish victims is six million, though estimates by historians using, among other sources, records from the Nazi regime itself, range from five million to seven million.
		Nearly 100,000 Jews were killed in occupied Odessa and over 10,000 were killed in the Iasi pogrom.
	www.launchbase.net /encyclopedia/Holocaust (7732 words)

	The Legacy of Jedwabne - a documentary film by Slawomir Grunberg - Log In Productions - distributed by LogTV LTD.
		The Legacy of Jedwabne is a feature-length documentary that tells the story of a pogrom in 1941 in Jedwabne, Poland and explores the implications of the past for present constructions and negotiations of personal, national and religious identity.
		With this made public, the decision of whether or not the inscription on a new monument at Jedwabne should state who was responsible for the killings quickly became a point of contention.
		The story of the Jedwabne massacre continues to be a painful wound in the hearts and minds of both Polish Christians and Jews.
	www.logtv.com /films/jedwabne (973 words)

	Jedwabne - all english articles in the site
		It is absurd to accuse even all the inhabitants of Jedwabne (because, contrary to Gross's opinion, only individuals took part in those events), not to mention the whole nation, and equally absurd is to apologize in the name of everybody...
		Our conversation, conducted in Jedwabne, was concerned with that battle and not with the relations in the town where both ladies used to live.
		The very same communists from Jedwabne - Poles, driven by personal vendettas - became witnesses and accused everybody who ever had crossed them; for example, Stanislaw Kozlowski, a commonly respected Pole, whose daughter was the wife of a Lomza judge and whose son was inspector-general of schools in Torun, found himself among the defendants.
	www.geocities.com /jedwabne/english/jedwabne.htm (16497 words)

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