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	Jeremiah Horrocks - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jeremiah Horrocks (c.1618 – January 3, 1641), sometimes given as Jeremiah Horrox, was an English astronomer who made the first observation of a transit of Venus.
		Horrocks was born in Toxteth Park, near Liverpool in Lancashire.
		Horrocks was convinced that Lansberg's tables were inaccurate when Kepler predicted that a near-miss of a transit of Venus would occur in 1639.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jeremiah_Horrocks (507 words)

	Horrocks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Since Horrocks left Cambridge with a deep knowledge of the latest ideas in astronomy due to Copernicus and Kepler, as well as the expertise in mathematics to further develop their ideas, this tells us that he studied mathematics and astronomy in his own time.
		Horrocks, after correcting Kepler's tables realised that a transit of Venus would occur on 24 November 1639, and that it would be visible from England.
		It is described in detail in [16] where Wilson traces the origin of Horrocks' theory in Kepler's work on the motion of the moon, as transformed and calibrated by further data, in particular critical data concerning the duration of lunar eclipses.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Horrocks.html (1571 words)

	Jeremiah Horrocks -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Horrocks was born in (Click link for more info and facts about Toxteth Park) Toxteth Park, near (A large city in northwestern England; its port is the country's major outlet for industrial exports) Liverpool in (A historical area of northwestern England on the Irish Sea; noted for textiles) Lancashire.
		Horrocks focused the image of the Sun through a simple (A magnifier of images of distant objects) telescope onto a piece of card, where the image could be safely observed.
		Horrocks' observations allowed him to make a well-informed guess as to the size of Venus, as well as to make an estimate of the distance between the (The 3rd planet from the sun; the planet on which we live) Earth and the Sun.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/j/je/jeremiah_horrocks.htm (575 words)

	Jeremiah Horrocks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Horrocks was born in ToxtethPark, near Liverpool in Lancashire.
		Horrocks was convinced that Lansberg 's tables were inaccurate when Kepler predicted that anear-miss of a transit of Venus would occur in 1639.
		Horrocks focused the image of the Sun through a simple telescope onto a pieceof card, where the image could be safely observed.
	www.therfcc.org /jeremiah-horrocks-33071.html (424 words)

	BBC - History - Jeremiah Horrocks, (1617 - 1641) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Horrocks was educated at Cambridge, where he pursued his passion for astronomy and mathematics.
		Horrocks was the first astronomer to suggest this; his measurements of the sun confirmed Kepler's theory of the earth's orbit around the sun, and were a partial basis for Newton's later work.
		Horrocks could only make a rough estimate as he had observed the transit from a single location, but his calculation of 59,000,000 miles was considerably more accurate than any previous numbers.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/historic_figures/horrocks_jeremiah.shtml (658 words)

	The Galileo Project
		Horrocks predicted and observed a transit of Venus in 1639, the first one ever observed, and from the observation he corrected the solar parallax, indicating a much greater distance of the sun than anyone before him had admitted.
		S.B. Gaythorpe, "Horrocks' Observations of the Transit of Venus, 1639 November 24 (O.S.)," Journal of the British Astronomical Association, 47 (1936-7), 60-8; 64 (1953-4), 309-15.
		Allan Chapman, "Jeremiah Horrocks, the Transit of Venus, and the "New Astronomy" in Early 17th-Century England," Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 31 (1990), 333- 57.
	galileo.rice.edu /Catalog/NewFiles/horrocks.html (517 words)

	Extract from Baines
		Jeremiah's very youthful entry into Cambridge need not indicate untoward precocity, for one finds that it was common to enter University in one's early teens in the seventeenth century, when a B.A. degree was closer to a modern 'A' level in standing.
		Horrocks could not have been curate, however, for then as now the law required a man to be 23 years old to be ordained deacon, and 24 for a full priest, and Jeremiah had already left the parish by the time that he was 21.
		Jeremiah Horrocks' letters to me for the years 1638, 1639, 1640 up to the day of his death, very suddenly, on the morning of the 3rd January [1641]; the day before he had arranged to come to me. Thus God puts an end to all worldly affairs.
	www.longtononline.co.uk /his_horrocks.html (5628 words)

	Jeremiah Horrocks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Horrocks was convinced that tables were inaccurate when Kepler predicted that near-miss of a transit of Venus would in 1639.
		Horrocks focused the image of the Sun a simple telescope onto a piece of card where image could be safely observed.
		Horrocks' observations allowed him to make a guess as to the size of Venus well as to make an estimate of distance between the Earth and the Sun.
	www.freeglossary.com /Jeremiah_Horrocks (354 words)

	Jeremiah Horrocks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Horrocks was convinced that Lansberg 's tables were inaccurate when Kepler predicted that a near-miss of a transit of Venus would occur in 1639.
		Jeremiah 31: A Testament to Jewish Survival A contemporary Jewish perspective on the prophecies of Jeremiah.
		Transit of Venus - University of Central Lancashire University of Central Lancashire is celebrating the 2004 Transit and the historical heritage of Jeremiah Horrocks (1619 to 1641) through a series of lectures, events and international collaborations.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Jeremiah_Horrocks.html (645 words)

	Transit of Venus - history - UCLan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Jeremiah Horrocks (1619 to 1641) and the Transit of Venus
		Horrocks, who died at age 22, can be considered to be the father of British astrophysics for the remarkable depth of his accomplishments.
		Jeremiah Horrocks, a farmer's son, was probably born in Toxteth, Liverpool in 1619.
	www.transit-of-venus.org.uk /history.htm (696 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Jeremiah Horrocks - Father of British Astronomy
		Jeremiah Horrocks was born in 1619 in Toxteth, Liverpool.
		Jeremiah was overjoyed, he drew the position of the fl spot on the card and watched avidly over the next few hours, tracing his observations and timing each one.
		Jeremiah Horrocks is now known as the 'Father of British Astronomy', he had a tragically short life (he was just 22 when he died) but he left a legacy which lives today.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/getwriting/A2724699 (1335 words)

	BBC NEWS \| England \| Lancashire \| Celebrating Horrocks' half hour
		Jeremiah Horrocks' first prediction and charting of the transit of Venus across the Sun revolutionised astronomy.
		Horrocks saw the Sun breakthrough around 3.15pm, just half an hour before it was due to set on 24 November (the modern date would be 6 December).
		Horrocks wrote of Crabtree that he "was gratified by beholding the pleasing spectacle of Venus upon the Sun's disc.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/england/lancashire/3776889.stm (956 words)

	Transits of Venus: History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Horrocks made a suggestion (which he did not know had already been made by Remus) that is that their distances were proportional to their diameters.
		Horrocks was, to some extent, “lucky” in the particular set of assumptions he made, assumptions that made him come closer to certain figures (eg the distance of the Sun) than anyone had done previously.
		Horrocks was very much in the Keplerian tradition – he recognised the difference between speculation and reliable measurement even though he mixed the two in an attempt to find a system that reflected the mathematical harmony of a universe made by a loving and rational Creator.
	www.transit-of-venus.org.uk /conference/history.html (10544 words)

	Jeremiah Horrocks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		'''Jeremiah Horrocks''' (c.1618 – January 3, 1641), sometimes given as Jeremiah Horrox, was an English astronomer who made the first observation of a transit of Venus.
		From His location in Much Hoole, Lancashire, he calculated that the transit was to begin at approximately 3:00 pm on November 24, 1639 (Julian calendar, or December 4 in the Gregorian calendar).
		Horrocks, Jeremiah Horrocks, Jeremiah Horrocks, Jeremiah de:Jeremia Horrocks sl:Jeremiah Horrocks
	jeremiah-horrocks.area51.ipupdater.com (521 words)

	Transit of Venus Exhibition
		Section II - Jeremiah Horrocks, Edmund Halley and the importance of the Transits of Venus.
		Horrocks was the first to realise that the Moon's orbit was elliptical and made a number of other discoveries before his early death at the age of 22.
		With his partner Jeremiah Dixon, he had successfully observed the Transit of Venus in 1761 from the Cape of Good Hope and, between 1764 and 1768, had surveyed the boundary line between Maryland and Pennsylvania which was subsequently known as the Mason-Dixon Line.
	star.arm.ac.uk /venustransit/exhibit/section-II.html (1301 words)

	Ode to Venus: on Jeremiah Horrocks
		Jeremiah Horroxs (Horrocks is a later spelling), 1617 to 1641, was born at Toxteth Park, near Liverpool, England He became a student at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1632 - 16 35, and was ordained curate at Much Hoole, Cheshire, 1639.
		Horrocks made the discovery that different paths of Venus across the face of Sun would be visible from different locations and yield information, with clock and telescope, from which the Earth to Sun distance could be calculated.
		Horrocks was more fortunate, with respect to cloud cover, and began to make notes in his diary.
	fou.uniting.com.au /ode.html (1517 words)

	Kollerstrom's Newton's Lunar Theory in STS@UCL
		Horrocks witnessed the first-ever-seen transit of Venus across the Sun in 1639, whereby he concluded that the 'solar parallax' was 14 arcseconds.
		Horrocks described his friend Crabtree as 'a man who has few superiors in mathematical learning' and described how awestruck Crabtree had been on perceiving the little disc of Venus moving against the face of the Sun: 'rapt in contemplation he stood, motionless, scarce trusting his senses through excess of joy.'
		Horrocks put the Sun at 15,000 earth-radii (60,000 miles) away, from his solar-parallax value, arguing that the solar system was ten times larger than traditionally believed (Venus in Sole Visa, p.202).
	www.ucl.ac.uk /sts/nk/birth.htm (846 words)

	Chasing Venus: Observing the Transits of Venus 1631-2004
		Horrocks and his telescope are depicted according to Victorian tradition and astronomical practice.
		Horrocks was not a sickly Puritan curate, and his equipment would have been set up in a similar way to Crabtreeâs.
		Horrocks, a gifted English astronomer and mathematician, might be better remembered if he had not died in his early twenties.
	www.sil.si.edu /exhibitions/chasing-venus/cf/venus_by_section.cfm?voyage_area=1631-1679 (483 words)

	Lancashire Pioneers - Jeremiah Horrocks - Images
		Carr House dates from 1613 and belonged to John Stones, who was a benefactor to the church at Hoole.
		Horrocks was probably a tutor to the children of the house when he lived there, and it was from the window immediately above the front door that he made his observations.
		In 1859 a marble tablet and stained-glass windows commemorating Horrocks were installed.
	www.lancashirepioneers.com /horrocks/images.asp (110 words)

	Encyclopedia: Jeremiah Horrocks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The 2004 transit of Venus A transit of Venus across the Sun takes place when the planet Venus passes directly between the Sun and the Earth, obscuring a small portion of the Suns disc.
		Earth, also known as the Earth or Terra, is the third planet outward from the Sun.
		Events March 18 – Short-timed experiment of the first public buses holding 8 passengers begins in Paris May 3/May 2 - Catherine of Braganza marries Charles II of England – as part of the dowry, Portugal cedes Bombay and Tangier to England May 9 - Samuel Pepys witnessed a Punch and Judy...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Jeremiah-Horrocks (1351 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Beveridge, Albert Jeremiah Beveridge, Albert Jeremiahbĕv´erĬj, 1862-1927, U.S. Senator from Indiana (1899-1911) and historian, b.
		Horrocks, Jeremiah Horrocks or Horrox, Jeremiahboth: hŏr´eks, 1618?-1641, English astronomer.
		Jeremiah Jeremiah a book of the Bible, comprising a collection of prophetic oracles attributed to Jeremiah, a prophet who preached (c.628-586 BC) in Jerusalem under King Josiah and his successors.
	www.encyclopedia.com /search.asp?target=@DOCTITLE+Jeremiah (469 words)

	<VENUS2004.ORG> File : The enigma of Jeremiah Horrocks
		It is commonly stated that Horrocks made his observation of the transit from Carr House near the village of Hoole in northern England.
		It was built by the wealthy Stones family and it is entirely possible that Horrocks was a tutor to their children.
		He investigated the type of lenses which might have been used in Horrocks' telescope and deduced the distance which would have been required behind the window to project an image of the Sun as large as that described by Horrocks (150 mm).
	www.venus2004.org /comprendre/d/dossier361-3.php?langue=2 (508 words)

	Historical Observations and Global Expeditions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Destinations in England related to the transit of Venus, with emphasis on Jeremiah Horrocks.
		Basic background on Jeremiah Horrocks, his observing device, and a later painting of Horrocks observing 1639 transit of Venus, by Eyre Crowe.
		From Paul Marston's chapter on Horrocks from the University Certificate in the History of Astronomy: "Presently on loan from the Walker Gallery and hanging in the Liverpool Museum Planetarium is a famous painting by Eyre Crowe BA.
	www.transitofvenus.org /historic.htm (2780 words)

	References for Horrocks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		W T Bulpit, Misconceptions concerning Jeremiah Horrocks, the Astronomer, The Observatory 27 (478) (1911), 335-337.
		A Chapman, Jeremiah Horrocks, the transit of Venus, and the 'New Astronomy' in early seventeenth-century England, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 31 (1996), 333-357.
		H C Plummer, Jeremiah Horrocks and his Opera Posthuma, Notes and Records of the Royal Society 3 (1940-41), 39-52.
	www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk /history/Printref/Horrocks.html (263 words)

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