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| | Historical Writings of Precious Gem Stones |
 | | Cardan designates under the generic name of gems all the brilliant stones, and reserves the name of precious stones for those which are not only brilliant, but rare, and of small dimensions. |
 | | According to Cardan, precious stones are engendered ("in the same manner as the infant from the maternal blood") by juices that distil from precious minerals in the cavities of the rocks: the diamond, the emerald, and the opal from gold; the sapphire from silver; and the carbuncle, the amethyst, and the garnet from iron. |
 | | Without precisely rejecting this notion, Cardan confesses that he carries ordinarily a very large hyacinth, and that it has never appeared to contribute anything towards making him sleep; but he adds immediately, and with perfect naivete, that his hyacinth has not the true colour, and may possibly be far from good. |
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