
	Where results make sense

Topic: Jerome Karle

Related Topics

City College of New York

Robert Hofstadter

Arno Penzias

Arthur Kornberg

Ed Koch

Southland, New Zealand

Kenneth Arrow

Nelson, New Zealand

San Bernardino, California

Henry Kissinger

Colin Powell

Ira Gershwin

Provinces of New Zealand

Bay of Plenty

June 18

In the News (Thu 26 Nov 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Karle, Jerome
		Karle was a classmate of Hauptman's at City College in New York, from which they both graduated in 1937.
		Their method was neglected for some years after its publication in 1949, but the efforts of Karle's chemist wife, Isabella, to point out its potential applications gradually induced crystallographers to begin using the method to determine the three-dimensional structure of thousands of small biological molecules, including those of many hormones, vitamins, and antibiotics.
		Before Karle and Hauptman developed their method, it took two years to deduce the structure of a simple biological molecule; in the 1980s, using powerful computers to perform the complex calculations demanded by their method, the task took about two days.
	www.britannica.com /nobel/micro/314_9.html (291 words)

	Inventor of the Week: Archive
		Karle was quite a precocious child, whose love of science had, before her 23rd birthday, translated into a BS (1941), MS (1942) and PHD (1944) in physical chemistry from the University of Michigan.
		Jerome Karle was using complex mathmatics to develop "direct methods" for analyzing the structure of crystals --- work that would later win him the Nobel Prize in chemistry (1985).
		Isabella Karle's improved process vindicated her husband's direct method theory; drastically improved the speed and accuracy of chemical and biomedical analysis; and remains the basis of all advanced x-ray crystallography, including computerized programs, used around the world today.
	www.mit.edu /afs/athena.mit.edu/org/i/invent/iow/karle.html (466 words)

	Isabella Karle Recollects the Manhattan Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Isabella Karle is one of the few women who joined her male counterparts, including her husband Jerome Karle, in what is now called the Manhattan Project.
		Karle was in the vapor-phase group, which was charged with the task of learning as much as possible about plutonium chemistry with the objective of preparing pure plutonium chloride from crude plutonium oxide.
		Although Karle didn't know what plutonium was when she arrived at the University of Chicago, this youngest scientist on the project (she was 21) was soon indoctrinated and began making the flow system for the vapor-phase preparation of plutonium trichloride.
	www.acs.org /portal/a/c/s/1/feature_ent.html?id=65b35830507711d6f8834fd8fe800100 (730 words)

	Center for Computational Science and Engineering / Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1993, Dr. Karle was awarded the prestigious Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science (Franklin Institute), and in 1995 she received the National Academy of Sciences Award in Chemical Sciences and the National Medal of Science from President Clinton.
		Jerome Karle's research has been concerned with diffraction theory and its application to the determination of atomic arrangements in various states of aggregation, gases, liquids, amorphous solids, fibers, and macromolecules.
		Karle is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society, has served as president of the International Union of Crystallography, and is a member of a number of other professional societies.
	mathweb.mathsci.usna.edu /faculty/cse/evc0.htm (1316 words)

	W.I.F. Council Members (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Karle along with Dr. Herbert A. Hauptman developed mathematical methods for deducing the molecular structure of chemical compounds from the patterns fromed when X-rays are diffracted ny their crystals.
		Karle and his wife, Isabella were among the first graduate students of Lawrence O. Brockway, Brockway being among the first graduate students of Linus Pauling.
		Jerome Karle's research has been concerned with diffraction theory and its application to the determination of atomic arrangements of substances in various states of aggregation, gaseous, liquid, amorphous solid, fibrous and crystalline.
	easyweb.easynet.co.uk /~ineed/xwif/members/karle.htm (417 words)

	Jerome Karle
		Jerome Karle was born in New York City on June 18, 1918.
		Jerome Karle married Isabella Karle in 1942, a physical science student at the University.
		In 1946, Karle moved permanently to Washington, D.C. to work at the Naval Research Laboratory where, in 1967, he became its head scientist for study on the structure of matter.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/karle.html (1254 words)

	Dr. Jerome Karle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Dr. Jerome Karle was born in Brooklyn, New York, on June 18, 1918.
		At Michigan, Dr. Karle and his wife, Isabella, were among the first graduate students of Lawrence O. Brockway, Brockway was among the first graduate students of Linus Pauling.
		Dr. Karle's research has been concerned with diffraction theory and its application to the determination of atomic arrangements of substances in various states of aggregation, gaseous, liquid, amorphous solid, fibrous and crystalline.
	muratopia.org /NUGW/People/karle.html (446 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He was awarded the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures." Dr.
		Karle's talk, "The Relationship of Theory and Practice," filled 1640 Chem on April 11, 2001.
		Karle attended the City College of New York as an undergraduate, received an M.A. in biology from Harvard, and received his Ph.D. from none other than the University of Michigan in 1944.
	www.umich.edu /~axeab/professional/bartell.html (152 words)

	Karle, Jerome -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		American crystallographer who, along with Herbert A. Hauptman, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1985 for their development of mathematical methods for deducing the molecular structure of chemical compounds from the patterns formed when X rays are diffracted by their crystals.
		Jerome Robbins was best known for his musical comedies and his innovations in classical ballet.
		Playwright Jerome Lawrence was one half of one of the most prolific writing teams in the history of American theater.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9044731 (578 words)

	June 1994 Michigan Today--Joy in an Unfolding Field (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This widely adopted procedure has allowed Karle to reveal the crystal structures of a range of complex organic substances, work that has significantly facilitated studies in chemistry, biology and medicine–all fields that rely on the determination of molecular structure to advance their research.
		Karle was not steeped in the sciences as a child.
		Dr. Karle's relationship with the lab has been a fruitful one, allowing her the freedom and flexibility to take her research in a variety of directions, including her current interest in ion transfer via peptides.
	www.umich.edu /~newsinfo/MT/94/Jun94/mt2j94.html (1690 words)

	JCE Online: Biographical Snapshots: Snapshot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		One of Dr. Isabella Lugoski Karle's most notable achievements is the development of her "Symbolic Addition Procedure", which has become the method of choice for structure determination from X-ray diffraction data on crystalline materials.
		It was at this juncture that she also began her lifelong collaboration with Jerome Karle who was also a graduate student at the University of Michigan.
		For example, she determined the crystal structure of the toxins isolated from frog venom, used in the study of nerve transmission and the structure of valinomycin, a cyclic polypeptide involved in the transport of potassium ions across cell membranes.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /JCEWWW/Features/eChemists/Bios/Karle.html (675 words)

	Jerome Karle - Autobiography
		The initial applications of the procedure for structure determination for centrosymmetric crystals involving probability measures and formulas derived from the joint probability distribution were performed in the middle 1950's in collaboration with colleagues at the U.S. Geological Survey.
		Largely through the efforts of Isabella Karle, such a procedure was developed and called the symbolic addition procedure.
		The first application of the symbolic addition procedure was published in 1963 and the first essentially equal atom noncentrosymmetric crystal structure to be solved by direct phase determination was published in 1964.
	nobelprize.org /chemistry/laureates/1985/karle-autobio.html (1939 words)

	Boston Globe Online / Table of Contents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The American scientists, Herbert Hauptman and Jerome Karle, are physicists, but Nobel officials took the exceptional step of awarding them the chemistry prize because their work in finding a method to determine crystal structure has become indispensable to chemists.
		Karle, 67, is director of research at the Laboratory for Structure of Matter at the US Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C. Hauptman, 68, is director of research at the Medical Foundation of Buffalo in Buffalo.
		Ingvar Lindqvist, a Nobel chemistry juror, told journalists that the two formulated their technique in the 1950s but that their work generally was not thought to be important at the time.
	www.boston.com /globe/search/stories/nobel/1985/1985p.html (326 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, The Door in the Dream: Conversations with Eminent Women in Science (2000)
		Isabella Karle was born in Detroit, Michigan, to Polish immigrant parents.
		After attending public schools in Detroit, Karle was awarded a scholarship to the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where she completed her undergraduate studies in chemistry in 1941.
		Jerome Karle was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1985.
	www.nap.edu /openbook.php?record_id=6375&page=64 (674 words)

	Hauptman, Herbert A.
		Hauptman became a professor of biophysics at the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1970, and from 1972 he was a vice president and the director of the Medical Foundation of Buffalo, a small private research institute.
		Their method was neglected for a number of years after its publication in about 1949, but gradually crystallographers began using it to determine the three-dimensional structure of thousands of small biological molecules, including those of many hormones, vitamins, and antibiotics.
		Before Hauptman and Karle developed their method, it took about two years to deduce the structure of a simple biological molecule; by the 1980s, using powerful computers to perform the complex calculations needed, one could do it in about two days.
	search.eb.com /nobel/micro/261_90.html (291 words)

	NRL - Awards & Recognitions
		The Nobel Prize was awarded to Dr. Jerome Karle, head of NRL's Laboratory for the Structure of Matter, for "outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures." But it was the inventive work of his wife, Dr. Isabella Karle, that made this achievement possible.
		Karle is also a recipient of the President's National Medal of Science (1995), and Mr.
		Karle, Dr. Jerome Karle, and Dr. Richard Tousey.
	www.nrl.navy.mil /content.php?P=PATENTS (346 words)

	COMMENCEMENT 1999: Sketches of Honorary Degree Recipients - Almanac, Vol. 45, No. 27, 4/6/99
		Karle is the scientist whose experimental procedures are used worldwide for molecular structure analysis using electron and X-ray diffraction techniques.
		Karle earned her Ph.D. from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, in 1944, when she was 22 years old.
		She and her husband, Jerome Karle, began working at the Naval Research Lab in 1946.
	www.upenn.edu /almanac/v45/n27/grad99speakers.html (1379 words)

	Publications & Resource Materials
		For Jerome and me there have been a number of consequences stemming from having received various awards.
		In addition, there was a great increase in the number of invitations to present lectures to students of all ages and to participate in summer schools for gifted children.
		Jerome personally has received a number of letters of appreciation from mathematicians and physicians (in Liberia and various South American countries) who have been released from prison, although usually the victims do not know the identity of the individual letter writers.
	www.icda.org /pubs/karle.html (1234 words)

	MSU Chemistry - Gallery of Chemists' Photo-Portraits and Mini-Biographies - Individual (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Isabella Karle made pioneering contributions to determining the three-dimensional structures of molecules by developing new X-Ray crystallographic methods.
		Her husband, Jerome Karle, (Nobel, 1985, Chemistry) and others worked out a mathematical theory for direct methods and Isabella, through her "symbolic addition procedure" revolutionized in a practical experimental way the types and complexity of structures that could be solved.
		Born in Detroit to Polish immigrants, Dr. Karle first learned English when she entered the Detroit public schools; she took her undergraduate and graduate degrees at the University of Michigan.
	poohbah.cem.msu.edu /Portraits/PortraitsHH_Detail.asp?HH_LName=Karle (155 words)

	Jerome Isaac Friedman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Avi 2072 KIRILI, Alain 3868 KIRK, Jackie 1147, 1558 KIRK, Jerome 1445, 3678 KIRKEBY, Per 1301, 1552, 3018, 3260, 3784, 3891...
		Henry Taube 1984, Bruce Merrifield 1985, Jerome Karle 1985, Herbert A. Hauptman 1986...
		Jerome Isaac Friedman (born 1930) is a U.S physicist.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Jerome_Isaac_Friedman (257 words)

	AllRefer.com - Jerome Karle (Physics, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Jerome Karle (Physics, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Jerome Karle [kArl] Pronunciation Key, 1918–, American physicist, b.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Jerome Karle
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/K/Karle-Je.html (182 words)

	AIT - News and Events
		Jerome Karle's lecture titled "The Role of Science and Technology in Quest for a World at Peace" on November 26, 2003.
		Jerome Karle's lecture, instructions for viewing lectures online, as well as future listings and lecture archives, are at http://www.dec.ait.ac.th/main/nobel/nobel.html
		Crutzen noted: "The discovery of the spring time stratospheric ozone hole by scientists of the British Antarctic Survey was one of the greatest surprises in the history of the atmospheric sciences.
	www.asdu.ait.ac.th /newsandevents/NewsById.cfm?NewsID=2886 (313 words)

	Isabella Karle Biography / Profile of Isabella Karle Biographies
		By applying electron and X-ray diffraction to molecular structure problems, Isabella Karle (born 1921) was able to develop procedures for gathering information about the structure of molecules.
		Isabella Karle is a renowned chemist and physicist who has worked at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C., since 1946 and heads the X-Ray Diffraction Group of that facility.
		Along with her husband Jerome Karle, she developed procedures for gathering information about the structure of molecules from diffraction data.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/isabella-karle (196 words)

	Jerome Karle, Crystallographer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Since 1946 Jerome Karle's career has been with the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C., after a brief stint in Chicago with the early 1940's Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb.
		By 1968 he was the NRL's chief scientist for the Laboratory for the Structure of Matter.
		Press Release for the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry from The Nobel Foundation, which is very informative on the background for X-ray diffraction.
	www.todayinsci.com /K/Karle_Jerome/Karle_Jerome.htm (415 words)

	Daubert brief
		As Sir Karl Popper, the preeminent philosopher of science has asserted, the scientific enterprise starts with a deductive method to derive hypotheses which are then tested by observation or experiment.
		Karl R. Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery 32 (1959).
		JEROME KARLE is a Nobel Laureate in Chemistry (1985).
	www.atlanticlegal.org /daubert.html (6094 words)

	Karle, Jerome on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		They were awarded the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the development of a mathematical model known as the “direct method.” Devised in the 1950s and 60s, the innovation greatly improved methods for analyzing three-dimensional molecular structures.
		-KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY: Jerome Karle to deliver H. King Lecture at K-State.
		(Nobel Prize to Jerome Karl and Herbert A. Hauptman)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/K/Karle-J1e.asp (240 words)

	Five Nobel Laureates Honored (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		They were: Arthur Kornberg '37, Julius Axelrod '33, Leon Lederman '43, Jerome Karle '37, and Herbert Hauptman '37.
		A co-recipient of the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics with Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino.
		Jerome Karle, and Dr. Herbert Hauptman: Both 1937 CCNY graduates and classmates.
	www.citycollegefund.com /ccny/NewsTalk/Nobel.html (523 words)

	Herbert A. Hauptman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hauptman, together with Dr. Jerome Karle, developed a method for determining the structure of small molecules by measuring the intensity of spots resulting from the diffraction of X rays deflected off crystals.
		This calculation intensive technique, which was published in 1949, eventually was put to widespread use following the development of faster computers.
		Hauptman and Dr. Karle shared the 1985 Nobel Prize for chemistry for their work.
	www.jbuff.com /hhau.htm (67 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)