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Topic: Jerzy Rozycki

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Enigma machine

	Rózycki Jerzy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Jerzy Różycki was a Polish mathematician and cryptologist.
		A student of the Mathematical Institute at the University in Poznan, he was given in 1929, along with twenty-odd of his fellow-students, a rudimentary training in codebreaking during a special course, organized by the military.
		On 9 January 1942, Jerzy Rozycki died when the M/S "Lamoriciere," in which he was crossing the Mediterranean in from France to Algeria, sunk near the Balearic Isles in a storm, possibly after hitting a mine.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /web/sci_health/math/Rozycki/link.shtml (404 words)

	Jerzy Różycki - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		From left: Jan Graliński, Jerzy Różycki and Piotr Smoleński at "Cadix" in southern France.
		Their son, Jan Janusz Różycki, born May 10, 1939, would complete his studies at Warsaw's Academy of Fine Arts and go on to be a member of the Polish fencing team that won a silver medal at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics.
		More information about Jerzy Różycki may be found in the article on Marian Rejewski.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jerzy_Rozycki (673 words)

	Marian Rejewski
		Born in Bydgoszcz, Rejewski was a fellow of Poznan University[?] and a member of Polish military intelligence.
		He formed a group with Jerzy Rozycki and Henryk Zygalski[?], who broke the cipher of Enigma machine and built a working replica in the 1930s.
		The British and Americans later used information gathered by Rejewski to aid their own attempts to decipher Enigma messages.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ma/Marian_Rejewski.html (114 words)

	Breaking ENIGMA: A Polish Contribution
		The code-breaking process was enabled by mathematical calculations, Zygalskiís perforated sheets and two machines: a cyclometer and Rejewskiís bomba, named after an ice-cream cone by Rozycki.
		As for Henryk Zygalski and Jerzy Rozycki, I am not sure what their fate was.
		Three names were engraved there: Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Rozycki and Henryk Zygalski.
	www.canadafreepress.com /2006/dastych021406.htm (983 words)

	What A Cracking Job: The Sum :: Count On's Online Maths Newspaper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In an emotional ceremony, the Duke of York presented Polish Prime Minister Jerzy Buzek with an Enigma encoding machine taken from a captured Nazi submarine and described it as "a symbol of our gratefulness and thanks".
		Polish historians say mathematicians Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Rozycki and Henryk Zygalski cracked the code in 1933 and gave Britain and France replicas of the Enigma encoding machine in July 1939, just before War broke out.
		Rozycki was killed in 1940 near the Balearic Islands, Zygalski died in 1978 in Britain and Rejewski died two years later in Warsaw.
	www.mathsyear2000.org /thesum/issue-04/issue-04-page-02.htm (379 words)

	[No title]
		On September 1, 1932, Rejewski and his two somewhat younger colleagues, Jerzy Rozycki, and Henryk Zygalski began work as regular employees at the Cipher Bureau (Biuro Szyfrow) in Warsaw which was part of 2nd Section (Military Intelligence) of the General Staff.
		To be sure they were first all given, along with twenty-odd their fellow-students, a rudimentary training in code breaking during a special course, organized by the military.
		Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Rozycki, Henryk Zygalski and other cryptoanalysts from BS4, broke into Kriegsmarine code in November 1932.
	www.angelfire.com /scifi2/rsolecki/marian_rejewski.html (1235 words)

	How Poles broke Enigma Code - Polish Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		But even after knowing the principles of the Enigma and having the copy of the machine - the task of understanding the code seems to be impossible since there were hundreds of thousands ways to change the possible settings.
		Rejewski and Zygalski (Rozycki died in a ship accident returning from Algiers to France) were able to pass through Pyrenees to Spain were they were arrested and imprisoned in Merida.
		Jerzy Straszak, as a former Polish naval intelligence officer in England, tells a story of Enigma in England.
	culture.polishsite.us /articles/art207fr.htm (1086 words)

	enigma
		Rozycki and 221 other passengers, including two other Polish members of the cryptographic center, died in the accident, which might have been caused by an uncharted mine.
		The best graduates were: Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Rozycki and Henryk Zygalski who could work simultaneously at the University and at the General Staff's Ciphers Office without any problems.
		Unfortunately, on 9 January 1942, Jerzy Rozycki died when the M/S "Lamoriciere" he was traveling in, sunk near the Balearic Isles.
	www.polamjournal.com /Library/APHistory/enigma/enigma.html (2848 words)

	Enigma - breaking the unbreakable code
		In their early days at Bletchley Park, without an example of the Enigma machine in front of them, the codebreakers were unable to work out the order in which the keys were attached to the electrical circuits.
		From the early 1930s, a group of Polish mathematicians - Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Rózycki and Henryk Zygalski - had been working to unravel Enigma, even managing to reconstruct a machine.
		The families of the three outstanding Polish cryptanalysts were presented with the Great Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (Poland's Rebirth) by Polish Prime Minister Jerzy Buzek in recognition of an achievement that many consider to be Poland's single greatest contribution to the Allied victory in WWII.
	www.bletchleypark.org.uk /content/museum/tour10.rhtm (333 words)

	[No title]
		The team that cracked the Enigma codes was comprised of Marian Rejewski, Jerzy R?zycki and Henryk Zygalski.
		By the end of the War, 10,000 people with sophisticated computers were decoding Axis messages, which they never could have done without the pioneering work of these three brilliant men.
		Jerzy R?zycki was lost at sea Jan. 9, 1942, enroute from Algeria to France.
	www.ma.hw.ac.uk /~foss/valentin/msg.html (2734 words)

	[No title]
		Polish mathematician Marian Rejewski and co-workers Henryk Zigalski and Jerzy Rozycki had managed to build up a table of relationships involving chains of letters from studying these message-keys,
		The Poles (particularly Rozycki and Zygalski), developed a technique using perforated sheets for each rotor showing which letters could be chained.
		Rozycki died as a result of an accident in 1942; Zygalski died in England in 1978.........................
	www.colindaylinks.com /bletchley/bletchley3.html (565 words)

	Polish contribution to World War II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A rubber windshield wiper was invented by the Polish pianist Józef Hofmann.
		Jerzy B. Cynk: The Polish Air Force at War: The Official History, 1939-1943, Schiffer Publishing, 1998, Order: ISBN 076430559X.
		Jerzy B. Cynk: The Polish Air Force at War: The Official History, 1943-1945, Schiffer Publishing, 1998, Order: ISBN 0764305603.
	polish-contribution-to-world-war-ii.iqnaut.net (2081 words)

	News
		Using military intelligence obtained from the French, Marian Rejewski, Henryk Zygalski and Jerzy Rozycki developed mathematical and mechanical working models of the Enigma machines that could decipher a great deal of intercepted German military communications.
		In July 1939, as war with Germany loomed, Polish military intelligence passed examples of their code-breaking machines and deciphered messages to their British and French counterparts.
		Among the dead was Jerzy Rozycki, the youngest member of the Enigma code-breakers.
	www.awm.gov.au /news/codes.htm (663 words)

	[No title]
		These men were some of the cryptologists and military men put in charge of the Enigma and cracking it's code.
		Men like, Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Rozycki and Henryk Zygalski received medals for their efforts and contributions to the war effort.
		At the conference Zygalski and Rejewski each explained their methods to the British and French specialists, effectively educating the very people who would work to defeat the Nazi powers.
	historyday.crf-usa.org /2807/enigma_machine.htm (591 words)

	Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Jerzy Rozycki, one of the first three Polish mathematicians hired to work against the Enigma in 1932, drowned when the ship he was on sank in a storm, possibly after hitting a mine, in 1942.
		But through the memories of those who survive, the story of the Bombe and the people involved with it is now told.
		Wladyslaw Kozaczuk's book Enigma (University7 Press of America, 1984, 63) cites a letter from Col. Tadeusz Lisicki, chief of a Polish signal unit, which claims that Jerzy Rozycki named the machine after an ice cream dessert the mathematicians were eating at the time.
	ehistory.osu.edu /world/library/books/wwii/enigma/0038.cfm (309 words)

	Magdeburg Sting 1936 - Part IX
		The three young men who had shown the greatest ability for the subject were Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Rozycki and Henryk Żygalski.
		It filled missing details of military version construction, and keys by which it was set for a period of time.
		Marian Rajewski, Jerzy Rozycki and Henryk Żygalski break first "Enigma" intercept.
	www.minelinks.com /war/castle.html (1263 words)

	BBC News \| EUROPE \| UK gives Enigma machine to Poles
		At a ceremony in Warsaw, Prince Andrew thanked the Polish Prime Minister, Jerzy Buzek, for Poland's pivotal role in cracking Nazi Germany's Enigma code.
		Mr Buzek said he was "greatly satisfied" that the UK officially recognised that Enigma was decoded by the Poles.
		Polish historians say three Polish mathematicians - Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Rozycki and Henryk Zygalski - broke the Enigma code in 1933.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/930873.stm (445 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		There was a three, not two polish mathematicians who cracked the enigma code and invented a machine called 'bomba' (the bomb) which automaticated decoding process.
		These guys were: Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Rozycki and Henryk Zygalski.
		This discovery contributed in US war effort against Japan - chief of cryptographic staff in Pearl Harbor most propably used a device based on the bomb construction to decode IJN purple code.
	www.frontpagemag.com /GoPostal/commentdetail.asp?ID=11441&commentID=368409 (122 words)

	The Polish Attack on Enimga
		Jerzy Rozycki, one of the mathematicians, christened this new machine.
		Taking advantage of all this confusion, the three mathematicians, Rejewski, Rozycki, and Zygalski kept together, and snuck out to a railroad station to buy tickets to Bucharest, a city located at the other end of Rumania.
		At a later time, Rejewski, Rozycki, and Zygalski broke codes and ciphers used in German telegraphic communications.
	math.ucsd.edu /~crypto/students/enigma.html (5527 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		To their British and French guests, the Polish cryptologists revealed all their most vital secrets – about their conquest and reconstruction of the Enigma and their own machines.
		The authors of the great success were Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Rózycki and Henryk Zygalski.
		In August 1939, two Polish replicas of the Enigma were sent to Paris by diplomatic post and Bertrand travelled in person to London to deliver one of them to Colonel Stewart Menzies, the deputy head of the British Secret Intelligence Services (MI6).
	home.btclick.com /polishembassy/foreign_policy/Poland_uk/fp_poland_uk_enig_poles.html (678 words)

	Historical Background
		Schmidt was arrested, interrogated and shot for his treachery in 1943.
		At the Biuro Szyfrow, three brilliant cryptanalysts, Marian Rejewski, Henryk Zygalski and Jerzy Rozicki, succeeded in breaking the Enigma in 1933.
		The bomba (plural bomby) appears to have been named after the ice cream by Jerzy Rozycki.
	www.ellsbury.com /enigma1.htm (690 words)

	arthritis pain relief - Jerzy Rozycki
		Jerzy Witold Różycki (pronounced YEH-zhih VEE-told Roo-ZHITS-kee; July 24, 1909, Olshana, Kyiv province, Ukraine – January 9, 1942, near the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea) was a Polish mathematician and cryptologist who worked on solving German Enigma machine ciphers.
		Różycki was a civilian cryptologist with the Polish Biuro Szyfrów (Cipher Bureau) from September 1, 1932, together with fellow Poznań University mathematics alumni and Cipher Bureau cryptology-course graduates Marian Rejewski and Henryk Zygalski.
		"Różycki, Jerzy Witold," Polski słownik biograficzny (Polish Biographical Dictionary), vol.
	www.painreliefchat.com /arthritis-pain-relief/Jerzy_Rozycki (235 words)

	How Mathematicians Helped Win WWII
		The Poles had made a critical first step, but this did not solve the puzzle posed by the ability the machine gave the Germans to change the position of each rotor, to alter the way the rotors shifted each other, and to vary the way the plug board was used.
		Rejewski was then joined by two other Polish mathematicians, Henryk Zygalski and Jerzy Rozycki, and together they were able to overcome many of these difficulties, and could read some German Army and Air Force messages by the time World War II began in 1939.
		The Polish Army was quickly overrun by the Germans, however, and the Poles who worked on the problem fled from Poland through Southern Europe and made their way to France by early 1940.
	www.nsa.gov /cch/cch00006.cfm (909 words)

	Legal Tyranny - The Story Behind U571 - Chapter 7, The Code is Broken (Temporarily) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		For one weekend, Polish code breakers had an opportunity to thoroughly study an Enigma machine - before it was carefully repackaged for Monday morning pickup.
		As a result of this examination, three Polish mathematicians (Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Rozycki, and Henryk Zygalski) discovered that the Enigma's keyboard was wired in alphabetical order, not keyboard order.
		With that discovery in hand, they created a decoder machine, called, La Bomba (because it was cylindrical, like a bomb) which helped the Poles trace Nazi naval, air and land movements.
	www.lawbuzz.com /tyranny/u571/u571_ch7.htm (377 words)

	Cryptology \| The Rotor Systems of WWII: Enigma and Purple (2 of 4)
		The Polish were the first to make a dent in the unbreakable Enigma.
		Sensing the German hostility and preparing for a possible invasion, a Polish cryptanalytic bureau headed by Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Rozycki, and Henryk Zygalski used small bits of information to piece together the Enigma.
		The first morsal of information came from a German agent who sold an Enigma operational manual to the French.
	library.advanced.org /27993/features/rotors2.shtml (415 words)

	Learning About the Enigma Machine: Polish Work
		During the 1930’s, Polish mathematicians worked to determine the inner wiring of the rotors without having the rotors themselves.
		The names of some of these mathematicians were Marian Rejewski, Henryk Zygalski and Jerzy Rozycki.
		Here, in a nutshell, is the mathematical reasoning that was done to deduce the wiring of the rotors.
	www.gvsu.edu /math/enigma/polish.htm (827 words)

	JS Online:
		While there can be no denial of the importance of the effort of Bletchley Park, the Enigma codes would not have been broken if it were not for the knowledge of Polish mathematicians.
		The Enigma code was broken in 1933 by Polish mathematicians Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Rozycki and Henryk Zygalski.
		On Sept. 18, 2000, Prince Andrew thanked Poland's Prime Minister, Jerzy Buzek, for the key role of Polish agents in cracking the Enigma code.
	www.jsonline.com /story/index.aspx?id=232855&format=print (581 words)

	Society of Chemical Industry:
		The Bombe’s prominence around Bletchley shows why its inventor, Turing, is so highly revered; but while much of the success in breaking Enigma is often attributed to his brilliance, the tour of Bletchley highlighted that there were many others who made just as significant contributions as that of the Cambridge professor.
		Special tributes were paid to the Polish mathematicians Marian Rejewski, Henryk Zygalski and Jerzy Rozycki; men who broke German intercepts as early as 1932 before handing their findings over to French and British intelligence in 1939.
		And by the converted stables we assembled outside the cottage where Head of Enigma Operations Dilly Knox and ‘his girls’ made early breakthroughs in solving Italy’s Naval Enigma, assisting in the Royal Navy’s victory at the battle of Matapan.
	www.soci.org /SCI/sections/tha/2004/reports/gs2145.jsp (809 words)

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