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	Jevons paradox - Biocrawler
		The Jevons Paradox, named after its discoverer, William Stanley Jevons, states that as technological improvements increase the efficiency with which a resource is used, total consumption of that resource may increase, rather than decrease.
		In particular, Jevons' paradox implies that the introduction of more energy efficient technologies may, in the aggregate, increase the total consumption of energy.
		Jevons' observation is not a logical paradox, but it is still considered paradoxical because it runs counter to the common intuition that improved efficiency enables people to use less of a resource.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Jevons_paradox (394 words)

	Paradox
		A paradox is an apparently true statement that seems to lead to a logical self-contradiction, or to a situation that contradicts common intuition.
		Elevator paradox: Elevators can seem to be mostly going in one direction, as if they were being manufactured on the roof, and disassembled in the basement.
		Jevons paradox: In economics, increases in efficiency lead to even larger increases in demand.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/p/pa/paradox.html (1319 words)

	The Nature of The Jevons Paradox : LA IMC
		Foremost is that The Jevons Paradox identifies a pattern of economic behavior that is asserted as support to arguments against favoring energy efficiency in the use of fossil fuels.
		Jevons defined a causal linkage from the improvement of the steam engine by James Watt, to its use to increase the efficiency of coal mining, to the reduction of the cost of mining coal, to the rapid increase in the market for coal, to the eventual depletion of Great Britain's coal reserves.
		The examples confirming The Jevons Paradox alongside the speculations of new energy technologies are frequently used to “prove” the futility of advocating increased efficiencies or of the reduction of fuel consumption.
	la.indymedia.org /news/2007/01/191302.php (4049 words)

	Paradox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A paradox is an apparently true statement or group of statements that seems to lead to a contradiction or to a situation that defies intuition.
		Paradoxes which are not based on a hidden error generally happen at the fringes of context or language, and require extending the context (or language) to lose their Paradox quality.
		Supplee's paradox: the buoyancy of a relativistic object (such as a bullet) appears to change when the reference frame is changed from one in which the bullet is at rest to one in which the fluid is at rest
	paradox.mindbit.com (2272 words)

	William Stanley Jevons
		Stanley Jevons (as he preferred to be called) was born in Liverpool on September 1, 1835, the ninth child of a family of prosperous iron merchants.
		Jevons was perhaps the first economist to argue that the phases of business activity had a regular, measurable and predictable periodicity.
		Although Jevons had renounced Benthamite utilitaranism as a workable political or ethical philosophy in his 1871 Theory (as distinct from the use of the utility concept to illustrate the "simple and restricted" problem of economic exchange), his work on social philosophy and public policy (1879, 1882, 1883) resurrected the theme.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/profiles/jevons.htm (3468 words)

	William Stanley Jevons Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Jevons was a utilitarian, treating economics as a calculus of pleasure and pain.
		Jevons found the economic theory of David Ricardo and John Stuart Mill, that value rests upon cost of production, to be unacceptable, but he did not succeed in getting wide acceptance of his own advances in economic theory.
		Jevons developed concepts of market processes and economic equilibrium, using diagrams of the general type familiar to students of economics.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/william-stanley-jevons (512 words)

	fuel cells
		William Stanley Jevon was a nineteenth century "British economist who was one of the pioneers of contemporary neoclassical economic analysis" who "first achieved national fame…for his work The Coal Question (1865)" (Monthly 2000: 3).
		Jevons also discovered a paradox of neoclassical economics in regards to the introduction of new technology in a society (ibid).
		The crux of Jevons Paradox is that in Capitalism "increasing the efficiency in using a natural resource, such as coal, only resulted in increased demand for that resource, not a reduction in demand.
	www.k-state.edu /socialist/fuelcells.htm (3256 words)

	The Anthropik Network
		In the book, Jevons formulated a principle now known as "Jevons Paradox." It is not a paradox in the logical sense, but it is certainly counterintuitive.
		Jevons Paradox states that any technology which allows for the more efficient use of a given resource will result in greater use of that resource, not less.
		Jevons Paradox illustrates precisely what the unintended consequence of such a technology will be--in these cases, precisely the opposite of the intended effect.
	anthropik.com /tag/jevons-paradox/feed/rss2 (3410 words)

	Peak Oil News & Message Boards Forums >> Post 342605 >> Re: Jevons Paradox - Death by conservation
		The proof is in the 150 years of empirical data to support it and the mere existence of Jevon's Paradox born of the direct observation.
		Since Jevon's Paradox states consumption must increase, but consumption can't increase because there is less of the resource, then Jevon's Paradox does not hold in all cases.
		Since Jevon's Paradox has no stipulated bounds, if it an example is presented that illustrates an instance where it does not hold, then it is disproven.
	www.peakoil.com /post342605.html (3117 words)

	Monthly Review December 2000 John Bellamy Foster
		William Stanley Jevons (1835-1882) is best known as a British economist who was one of the pioneers of contemporary neoclassical economic analysis, with its subjective value theory rooted in marginal utility.
		Jevons argued that British industrial growth had relied on cheap coal and that the increasing cost of coal, as deeper seams were mined, would generate economic stagnation.
		Jevons went on to argue in detail that the whole history of the steam engine was a history of successive economies in its use— and each time this led to further increases in the scale of production and the demand for coal.
	www.monthlyreview.org /1200jbf.htm (4065 words)

	Peak Oil News & Message Boards >> Forums >> Conservation and Efficiency >> Jevons Paradox - Death by conservation
		While Jevons paradox gets mixed around into this mess somewhere, it isn't the exact reason why everything happens, it is only a part of the overall mix, a part which basically says conservation won't decrease demand by as much as is conserved.
		Jevons, however implies that even this isn't the case as the efficiency leads to changes that increase even more the work that is performed/required and then when the party is over the hangover will be that much worse.
		Jevon's Paradox is not some theory or possible prediction, it is an observation of reality.
	www.peakoil.com /fortopic50-330.html (2089 words)

	Learn more about Paradox in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A professional organization once found that economists with a PhD actually had a lower average salary than those with a BS - but this was found to be due to the fact that those with a PhD worked in academia, where salaries are generally lower.
		Giffen paradox: can increasing the price of bread make poor people eat more of it?
		Moore's paradox: "It's raining but I don't believe that it is."
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /p/pa/paradox.html (1388 words)

	Jevon's Paradox - WTE: Technology For a Sustainable Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Jevon's Paradox was observed by English economist William Stanley Jevons when coal demand actually went up when James Watt developed a more energy-efficient steam engine.
		Jevon's Paradox Seems to be a Part of Human Nature
		Then Jevon's Paradox kicks in...more and more people buy the hybrid SUV, which actually consumes more gas than a small IC engine-only vehicle.
	wte.cbll.net /energy/jevon (721 words)

	Bright Green Living : Jevon's Paradox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This paradox is often brought up as a proof that conservation measures just won't work.
		Often, however, the description of the paradox is that since, with conservation, people feel that they are saving energy doing "x", and so do more "x"n so much that it negates any savings.
		This is not quite the same thing as what Jevons said, but is a truism in itself when you consider dieters that gorge themselves on low-fat or -carb foods, thinking that it's ok to eat lots of them because they're healthy.
	www.socialtext.net /lite/page/brightgreen/jevon_s_paradox (381 words)

	The Oil Drum \| Dispensing with the hogwash (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Jevons Paradox is often used to support the argument that localized solutions to global problems can aggrevate overall problem.
		It is claimed that Jevons paradox implies that as individuals become increasingly efficient, the overall economy compensates by supporting additional individuals and increasing overall consumption.
		However, since Jevons paradox is really just an anecdotal observation (as opposed to a logical paradox), it is insufficient by itself to support such an argument.
	www.theoildrum.com /story/2005/8/19/135940/633 (7977 words)

	Scarcity of What and for Whom? - Science - RedOrbit
		The development of marginal value theory (independently and simultaneously, as the legend in economics departments goes) by Jevons, Walras, and Menger, was motivated in all three cases by a desire to undermine socialist tendencies in Europe through the reformulation of value theory.
		In what later became known as the "Jevons Paradox," Jevons argued that increases in efficiency of coal use would actually result in increased total coal use, rather than conservation of it, thus raising the uncomfortable prospect that economists-self-professed scholars of the allocation of scarce resources-might actually have to consider the possibility of scarcity.
		While Jevons is viewed as a giant of neoclassical economics for his pioneering of marginal value theory, his work on the scarcity of coal was, and continues to be, seen by economic theorists as an eccentric slip up.
	www.redorbit.com /news/science/121754/scarcity_of_what_and_for_whom/index.html (2197 words)

	Peak Oil News & Message Boards Forums >> Post 341017 >> Re: Jevons Paradox Debunked
		Jevons Paradox is one such example of a forecasting method that is reliant on historic relations.
		Jevons Paradox is very similar or in many ways identical to the Rebound Effect, which is a well studied but controversial topic.
		Jevons Paradox seems to exist as an economic theory without conclusive proof of it's validity.
	www.peakoil.com /post341017.html (2589 words)

	Un-Volunteering: Troops Improvise
		Finally, he stressed the implications of Jevon's Paradox, which states that often when one works to solve a problem, the solution really makes the situation worse.
		Jevon's Paradox leaves us in a situation described in game theory, where if one person or country tries to do the right thing, then the other players can take advantage of that player's conservation for their own aggrandizement.
		Just a word about what Jevons Paradox is because I am going to mention it a time or two again.
	www.fromthewilderness.com /free/ww3/031805_world_stories.shtml (9588 words)

	Ivars Peterson's MathTrek - Murder and the Economist
		Like a professor determined to instruct, the author can't resist the temptation to halt the narrative to present minitutorials on various subjects, from the basics of constructing the drums used by a Caribbean steel band to the pricing strategy of Filene's basement in Boston and the intricacies of operating an ocean liner.
		Marshall Jevons is actually a pseudonym for two economics professors: William Breit of Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas, and Kenneth G. Elzinga of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville.
		Jevons codeveloped marginal utility theory, which explains the value of goods and services in terms of the subjective valuation of consumers.
	www.maa.org /mathland/mathtrek_1_12_98.html (889 words)

	Jevons
		Menger and Jevons made an error that might be described as the mirror of the error in classical economics.
		Explain how Jevons used the phrase “bygones are forever bygones” to criticize the labor theory of value.
		Contrast the scope and method of economics according to Jevons, Menger and Walras.
	www.uwlax.edu /faculty/giddings/2002-2003/ECO306/jevons.htm (448 words)

	Peak Oil News & Message Boards >> Forums >> Depletion Economics >> "Jevons' paradox" debunked (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		That "paradox" was created by an economist who lived in the single-fuel era of coal, long before oil was discovered massively and seen as a viable energy source.
		Our loops are different from the loops Jevons' made: when we loop, we start from one fuel (oil), but we no longer come back to that fuel (as Jevons would have it), we shift to another fuel.
		What Jevons Paradox is about is that as technological improvements increase the efficiency with which a resource is used, total consumption of that resource may increase.
	peakoil.com /fortopic20299.html (3517 words)

	Minnesota's Energy Future: Part III-A Conservation, Efficiency, & Windpower
		Conservation becomes an unfortunate Jevons’ paradox when the efficiency improvement programs are said to reduce energy use in the face of actual energy increases.
		Jevons aside for the moment, conservation is frequently thought of as part or a substantial part of the solution to energy problems.
		Jevons would say the same situation applies to gas mileage standards and efficiency of cars in the attempt to reduce gasoline and oil use.
	www.mnforsustain.org /erickson_dell_minnesotas_energy_future_part_IIIA.htm (11658 words)

	Human Ecology Review
		The Jevons Paradox is based on the observation that an improvement in the efficiency with which a natural resource is used is often associated with an increase in the consumption of that resource.
		Similarly, the Paperless Office Paradox is based on the observation that the development of substitutes for a natural resource is not always associated with a decline in consumption of that resource, and in fact may occasionally lead to an increase in the consumption of that resource.
		These two paradoxes call into question whether technological advances alone, such as improvements in efficiency and the development of alternatives to natural resources, will necessarily lead to conservation of natural resources.
	www.humanecologyreview.org /132abstracts.htm (1432 words)

	The Oil Drum \| Some of the many social theories germane to Peak Oil... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It should be noted that I am using only a few sources for these, including websites (like wikipedia for example) and a few books that I have some notes on, in an attempt to keep this accessible, simple, and readable.
		However, what often occurs is what is called the Jevons paradox: as technological improvements increase the efficiency with which a resource is used, more people gain access to the more energy efficient technology of the improvement.
		The Jevons paradox illustrates how difficult it is to solve global economic problems, and taken to its logical extreme leads to Duncan's Olduvai theory, which is, simply put, "Industrial Civilization doesn't evolve.
	www.theoildrum.com /classic/2005/04/some-of-many-social-theories-germane.html (1321 words)

	paradox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Known for being an innovative research and development company, Paradox Security Systems is a recognized worldwide force in the security industry.
		Paradox is Tilburgs podium voor: de spannende klanken van hedendaagse jazz en geïmproviseerde muziek.
		Russell's paradox is the most famous of the logical or set-theoretical paradoxes.
	www.tamtamcinema.it /zsextuu/eaerge/paradox.php (198 words)

	Rebound effect - Encyclopedia of Earth
		The KB postulate (sometime referred to as ‘Jevons paradox’) may be described as: those energy efficiency improvements that, on the broadest considerations, are economically justified at the microlevel lead to higher levels of energy consumption at the macrolevel than in the absence of such improvements.
		Thus Jevons laid the foundation for the idea that the rebound effect (in energy markets) could be greater than 100%, sometimes referred to as the ‘Jevons paradox’.
		He argues A necessary and sufficient condition for excluding this so-called conservation paradox is that service demand is inelastic, which in turn is equivalent to the requirement that the elasticity of marginal benefit is less than -1.
	www.eoearth.org /article/Rebound_effect (5252 words)

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