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Topic: Jewish Bund

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	Jewish holiday - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The holiest of the religious Jewish holidays are enumerated in the Torah, in Leviticus and Deuteronomy.
		After Hillel II codified the Jewish calendar into a precise mathematical system, it was decided by the Talmudic sages that due to the prevalence and age of the two-day tradition it was to continue regardless.
		According to Jewish tradition, this event is attributed to the 3rd day of the month, and marks the end of a Jewish presence in Jerusalem, which remained abandoned until the subsequent return of the Exiles as outlined in Ezra and Nehemiah.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jewish_holiday (3883 words)

	General Jewish Labor Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bund generally sided with the party's Menshevik faction led by Julius Martov and against the Bolshevik faction led by Vladimir Lenin during the factional struggles in the runup to the Russian Revolution of 1917.
		The Bund strongly opposed Zionism, arguing that emigration to Palestine was a form of escapism.
		The Bund was internationalist in its socialist orientation, focusing on culture, not a state or a place, as the glue of Jewish "nationalism." In this they borrowed extensively from the Austro-Marxist school, further alienating the Bolsheviks and Lenin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/General_Jewish_Labor_Union (1222 words)

	Islam and Judaism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Islam and Judaism: This article is part of a series on Jewish history and discusses the history of Islam and Judaism, as they have interacted with each other for 1200 years, from the seventh century up until the end of the 19th century.
		The Jewish population at Jerusalem increased from 70 families in 1488 to 1,500 at the beginning of the sixteenth century.
		Dar ul-Islam was considered the golden medinah for the Medieval Jew because of the considerable ease to observe kashrut the halacha in a land where halal and the shari'a were maintained, unlike in Christian countries.
	islam-and-judaism.ask.dyndns.dk (3742 words)

	The anti-Zionism of the Jewish Bund
		Whoever directly or indirectly puts forward the slogan of a Jewish "national culture" is (whatever his good intentions may be) an enemy of the proletariat, a supporter of the old and of the caste position of the Jews, an accomplice of the rabbis and the bourgeoisie.
		The Bund stood at the forefront of the Jewish community by 1936, and was able to call a general strike with participation of Zionist and other groups in response to an anti-Semitic pogrom.
		The history of the Bund was the enactment of the bankruptcy of internationalism on a tragic scale.
	www.zionism-israel.com /his/The_Jewish_Bund.htm (2108 words)

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Lodz
		At that time, the Jewish community began to be organized and had built a synagogue.
		Jewish industrialists were not given financial support from the government to rebuild.
		Members of the Jewish trade unions were approached by the Bund, a Jewish socialist movement, as well as the Po'alae Zion and Polish Socialist Party for their votes for the Jewish Community Council of Lodz.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/Lodz.html (1725 words)

	All About Jewish Theatre - S.Ansky (1863-1920) The great builder of modern Jewish culture.
		Ansky was born during the late stages of the Jewish enlightenment (Haskalah), and at the beginning of the wave of virulent anti-semitism and pogroms that spawned Zionism in Europe and Russia.
		Like many other Jewish writers of his time, Ansky was also involved in social activism; for Ansky and his contemporaries, the great Zionist and Jewish literary pioneers of the 20th century, nurturing and creating Jewish culture went hand-in-hand with Jewish survival.
		The Jewish executions and pogroms in Vilna finally conquered Ansky's unflagging spirit; at the close of the war he moved to Warsaw, where, at age fifty-six, he died from a complication of pneumonia.
	www.jewish-theatre.com /visitor/article_display.aspx?articleID=1506 (1323 words)

	New Jewish Agenda - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		New Jewish Agenda (henceforth NJA or “Agenda”) was a national, multi-issue, extremely progressive organization which coordinated about 50 local chapters in work as “a Jewish voice on the Left and a Left voice in the Jewish community” from the period of 1980-1992.
		·Successfully petitioning the Council of Jewish Federations for a resolution supporting a nuclear freeze and (unsuccessfully, it was tabled but not defeated) for a settlement freeze in Palestine.
		Agenda was politically powerful enough to attract an attempted infiltration by the New Alliance Party, which attempted takeover of local chapters as well as targeting of Steering Committee members for NAP recruitment.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/New_Jewish_Agenda (367 words)

	History of the Jews in France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		At Bordeaux Jewish bankers, compromised in the cause of the Girondins, had to pay considerable sums to save their lives; in Alsace there was scarcely a Jew of any means who was not mulcted in heavy fines.
		The chief point of the question was whether the Jewish civil and matrimonial laws, the prescriptions concerning the relations between Jews and non-Jews, and the regulations in regard to usury were in accordance with the spirit of modern times.
		Twenty-five percent of France's Jewish population of 300,000 was murdered during the Holocaust.
	history-of-the-jews-in-france.kiwiki.homeip.net (6732 words)

	With the eventual fall of Tsarist rule, the influence of Jews in the rise of Russian communism was profound
		Boris Savinkov, also Jewish, was the "legendary head of the Terrorist Brigade of the Socialist Revolutionary Party." Aaron Baron and Lev Chorny were well-known Anarchists.
		It is impossible to doubt the importance of the Jewish contribution to the less spectacular business of organisation and staff-work.
		As consequence, Jewish communities periodically engendered the wrath -- and sometimes violence -- of the common populace.
	www.jewishtribalreview.org /russicom.htm (4806 words)

	Véhicule Press - Jewish Studies -Holocaust & Survivor Testimony
		From the age of eleven I was an activist in Jewish cultural and political life in Poland in an organization called the Jewish Labour Bund.
		One of the crematoria was destroyed with the help of four Jewish girls, who, as prisoners working in the nearby German chemical factory IG Farben, which was part of the Auschwitz complex, stole the explosives used to blow up the crematorium.
		Open Your Hearts: The Story of Jewish War Orphans in Canada, by Fraidie Martz, tells the story of the 1,123 Jewish war orphans, children who had survived the Holocaust in hiding or in concentration camps, which the Canadain government reluctantly allowed into Canada from 1947 to 1949 under the terms of a unique federal order-in-council.
	www.vehiculepress.com /jewish_holocaust.html (2065 words)

	NYU Libraries \| Tamiment Library & Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives -- English-Language Books: The Bund (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		"The Bund" is the common shorthand for the Allgemeyner Idisher Arbeter Bund in Lita, Poylen un Rusland, in English the General Jewish Workers' Bund of Lithuania, Poland, and Russia (reflecting the geographical order in which Jewish workers were organized), founded in Vilna in 1897.
		Histoire générale du Bund: un mouvement revolutionnaire juif.
		When news of their murder was released more than a year late, they were heralded as martyrs to the cause of anti-fascism by Bundists, as well as Jewish socialists and labor leaders in the United States.
	www.nyu.edu /library/bobst/research/tam/yiddish/Englishbks/engbund.html (264 words)

	Islam and Judaism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Category:Jewish Encyclopedia Islam and Judaism: This article is part of a series on Jewish history and discusses the history of Islam and Judaism, as they have interacted with other for 1200 years, from the seventh century up until the end of the 19th century.
		The Quran states that what Mohammed taught was the same as that written in the Tawrat (Torah), the Zubur, and the Injil (the Christian Gospels).
		Mohammed felt that Jews and Christians must recognize that he was exactly such a prophet as those who had come before; that he fulfilled all the conditions called for in their sacred Scriptures.
	islam-and-judaism.kiwiki.homeip.net (3830 words)

	"Lenin ... fought the Jewish Bund and was shot by a Jewish assassin" - Israel Shamir
		Separate Jewish schools, which previously had been subordinated to the CKZP, were at the beginning of the 1949-50 school year taken into the state budget and soon wholly incorporated into the national school system.
		The Union of Jewish Religious Congregations changed its name to the Union of Congregations of the Mosaic Faith, and its contacts with Jewish organizations abroad were greatly limited.
		The Jewish Social Democratic Union (Bund), although specifically Jewish, was the oldest, most active and for a long while the most effective element of the Russian social democratic movement.
	users.cyberone.com.au /myers/lenin-trotsky.html (6400 words)

	American Nazis
		The Bund's fortunes experienced a downturn in 1939, when Kuhn was sent to prison for embezzling funds.
		Oddly, the Jewish media lavished him with massive publicity, which was totally odd for a mere "Army" of six people.
		Ben Klassen was born in 1918 in the Ukraine, to a wonderful Jewish family.
	judicial-inc.biz /Klassen.htm (825 words)

	Jew Watch - Jewish Organizations - Jewish Bund (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Zionist Jews were another group that laid its plan in Russia as a part of the new re- orientation of Russian Jewry after the collapse of Haskalah and the assassination (1881) of Alexander II.
		For a suggestion of the solidarity of purpose between the Jewish Bund, which was the core of the Communist Party, and early Zionism, see Grayzel (op.
		In 1897 was founded the Bund, the union of Jewish workers in Poland and Lithuania.
	jewwatch.com /jew-organizations-jewishbund.html (383 words)

	Haskalah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The term is sometimes used to describe modern critical study of Jewish religious books, such as the Mishnah and Talmud, when used to differentiate these modern modes of study from the older methods used by Orthodox Jews.
		As long as the Jews lived in segregated communities, and as long as all avenues of social intercourse with their gentile neighbors were closed to them, the rabbi was the most influential member of the Jewish community.
		The rabbinate was the highest aim of many Jewish youth, and the study of the Talmud was the means of obtaining that coveted position, or one of many other important communal distinctions.
	haskalah.kiwiki.homeip.net (743 words)

	jewish self defense unit the bund (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Jewish workers organized in the Po'alei Zion, Bund, etc., from 1905 to 1907.
		The Bund dominated in Jewish circles for one...
		Lieber (formerly of the Jewish Bund)- all Jews.
	www.money-smash.com /articles/105/jewish-self-defense-unit-the-bund.html (881 words)

	Unpacking on the Prairie: The Journey
		By the late 1800s, most Jewish men were finding it impossible to eke out a living as tailors, carpenters, butchers, and milkmen.
		Yiddish literature and theater, Zionism and the Bund (the Jewish socialist movement) conveyed new ideas to Eastern European Jews.
		The Bund appealed to working girls because it offered them educational opportunities and chances to perform the same political tasks as men.
	www.jewishwomenexhibit.com /journey5.asp (200 words)

	Jewish Socialists' Group
		Annual conference confirms that the JSG has moved beyond being a lobby group on a small number of issues to being a political organisation with policies on a wide range of issues, including the Left’s whole approach to cultural/national identity.
		Holds 90th years Bund meeting in London and launches pamphlet ‘A Revolution in Jewish Life: the Jewish Workers’ Bund' written by Clive Gilbert with a foreword by Majer Bogdanski.
		JSG delegates attend Brussels conference of Jewish socialist organisations from Belgium, Britain, France and Holland.
	www.jewishsocialist.org.uk /history1.html (1192 words)

	YIVO Institute for Jewish Research \| Bund Archives & Library
		In 1992, YIVO acquired the Bund Archives, one of the foremost Jewish collections specializing in the history of the socialist and labor movements.
		Founded in Geneva by the Jewish socialist party commonly known as the "Bund," the Archives was transferred to Berlin in 1919.
		The Bund Archives contain not only the official records of the Jewish Labor Bund (as the Bund is officially known in English), but also important documents on the history of the revolutionary movement in Tsarist Russia; the socialist, anarchist, territorialist, and labor movements in both Europe and the United States; Yiddish culture; and the Holocaust.
	www.yivo.org /library/index.php?tid=46&aid=242 (349 words)

	In Love And In Struggle: The Musical Legacy Of the Jewish Labor Bund (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Jewish Labor Bund was a socialist movement with roots in Poland and Russia.
		But after the failure of the 1905 revolution in Russia, the Bund came to represent the Jewish radical experience for the first generation of Jews who came to this country.
		Rooted in the reality of an immigrant working class, the Bund represented a vision of a new society, trade unionism and a coherent secular Yiddish culture.
	www.rootsworld.com /reviews/bund.html (492 words)

	Jew Watch - Jewish Occupied Governments - USSR - Jews and Communism
		It is to the glory of the Jewish Socialist Bund in Russia that the question of nationalism, which in the minds of the Socialists of the older generation was synonymous with oppression and subjection, was forced into the foreground.
		Jewish Bund Organizes In U.S. The heroic fight of the Bund against the old Russian autocracy caused thousands of its members and followers many of them exiles to Siberia or under rigid surveillance by the gendarmes, to flee to this country!
		Jewish children are now admitted to all the schools and universities of Russia without condition.
	www.jewwatch.com /jew-occupiedgovernments-USSR.html (15140 words)

	Untitled Document
		Most managers of the new state farms were Jewish, as were the bureau chiefs of the Central Administration and the leading olice officers.
		In Toronto, from a Jewish population of 50,000, about 30% of the formal members of the local Communist community were believed to be Jews, not including those who had looser ties to the organization.
		This position asserts that such Jewish communist involvement was an investment in a secular universalism that leaves behind the traditional Jewish collectivist identity.
	www.jewishtribalreview.org /commun.htm (9322 words)

	Jewish Labor Committee: January 2006 Archives
		The Jewish voice in the labor movement, and the voice of the labor movement in the Jewish community.
		The Jewish Labor Committee is an independent secular organization that helps the Jewish community and the trade union movement work together on important issues of shared interest and concern.
		The Jewish Labor Committee was formed in February, 1934, by Yiddish-speaking immigrant trade union leaders, and leaders of such groups as the Workmen's Circle/Arbeter Ring, the Jewish Labor Bund, and the United Hebrew Trades, in response to the rise of Nazism in Germany.
	www.jewishlaborcommittee.org /2006/01 (12514 words)

	Jewish Bund Manifesto against Vladimir Jabotinsky
		What else I would like to say to you on this day of Tisha B’Av is whoever of you will escape from the catastrophe, he or she will live to see the exalted moment of a great Jewish wedding - the rebirth and rise of a Jewish state.
		The large anti-Zionist Communist organization, The Jewish Bund had developed an ideological dogma of "do-igkeit (here-ness) which maintained that Jews would best develop their culture in the various countries in which they were rooted.
		On the 6th and 13th of September, during the elections held in the Jewish Community, and on the 27th of September, voting in the municipal elections of the city of Lodz, Jewish masses of all the cities and towns cried out to the entire world.
	www.zionism-israel.com /hdoc/bund_jabo.htm (1223 words)

	Klezmer Review: In Love and In Struggle: The Musical Legacy of the Jewish Labor Bund
		Here, instead, Cooper's narrative, describing the founding of the Bund in Vilna, turns the song into an expression of faith, a song about the Jerusalem of Lithuania, soon to become known as the locus of the Jewish worker's struggle to transform themselves, their community, and the world.
		It is, after all, the 100-Year Anniversary of the founding of the Bund that provided the occasion for the concert that inspired this album.
		And, if today, the Bund is less visible, we have unions, co-ops, and a new generation of organizations such as Jews for Economic and Racial Justice (JFERJ) to carry on the struggle.
	www.klezmershack.com /bands/bund/legacy/bund.legacy.html (1144 words)

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