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Topic: Jewish calendar

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	Judaism 101: Jewish Calendar
		The Jewish calendar is based on three astronomical phenomena: the rotation of the Earth about its axis (a day); the revolution of the moon about the Earth (a month); and the revolution of the Earth about the sun (a year).
		The "first month" of the Jewish calendar is the month of Nissan, in the spring, when Passover occurs.
		However, the Jewish New Year is in Tishri, the seventh month, and that is when the year number is increased.
	www.jewfaq.org /calendar.htm (1587 words)

	Jewish Calendar
		The Jewish calendar is primarily lunar, with each month beginning on the new moon, when the first sliver of moon becomes visible after the dark of the moon.
		On a 12 month calendar, the month of Nissan, which is supposed to occur in the Spring, occurs 11 days earlier each year, eventually occurring in the Winter, the Fall, the Summer, and then the Spring again.
		Jewish year 5758 (beginning October 2, 1997) will be the first year of the next cycle.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Judaism/calendar.html (841 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - CALENDAR, HISTORY OF: (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The history of the Jewish calendar may be divided into three periods—the Biblical, the Talmudic, and the post-Talmudic.
		It thus seems plain that the Jewish year was not a simple lunar year; for while the Jewish festivals no doubt were fixed on given days of lunar months, they also had a dependence on the position of the sun.
		That there is a slight error in the Jewish calendar—due to inaccuracies in the length of both the lunar and the solar years upon which it is based—has been asserted by a number of writers.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=43&letter=C (2150 words)

	History & info - the Jewish calendar
		The current definition of the Jewish calendar is generally said to have been set down by the Sanhedrin president Hillel II in approximately C.E. The original details of his calendar are, however, uncertain.
		The Jewish calendar is used for religious purposes by Jews all over the world, and it is the official calendar of Israel.
		The Jewish calendar is a combined solar/lunar calendar, in that it strives to have its years coincide with the tropical year and its months coincide with the synodic months.
	www.webexhibits.org /calendars/calendar-jewish.html (957 words)

	The Jewish Calendar Explained - Torah.org
		The Jewish calendar is essentially composed of three units that depend on a heavenly body for proper calculation.
		If we were to ignore the solar calendar and base our years solely on the lunar calendar, after a number of years, the holidays would start moving out of their proper seasons.
		In the Jewish calendar, we have to reconcile both methods of calculation because we were commanded to sanctify the lunar months, and we were also commanded to celebrate each of the holidays is its appropriate season.
	www.torah.org /learning/yomtov/assorted/calendarex.html (646 words)

	History & info - the Jewish calendar
		The current definition of the Jewish calendar is generally said to have been set down by the Sanhedrin president Hillel II in approximately C.E. The original details of his calendar are, however, uncertain.
		The Jewish calendar is used for religious purposes by Jews all over the world, and it is the official calendar of Israel.
		The Jewish calendar is a combined solar/lunar calendar, in that it strives to have its years coincide with the tropical year and its months coincide with the synodic months.
	webexhibits.org /calendars/calendar-jewish.html (957 words)

	The Jewish Calendar — FactMonster.com
		calendar: The Jewish Calendar - The Jewish Calendar The Jewish calendar is today a lunisolar or semilunar calendar, i.e., an...
		Sivan - Sivan Sivan, in the Jewish calendar, the third month (or ninth month, depending upon the system of...
		Sebat - Sebat Sebat or Shebat, the 11th month of the Jewish calendar, the fifth from New Year's.
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0777385.html (217 words)

	Jewish Calendar for Outlook - Free Download
		Therefore, the ultimate solution would be to upgrade your Outlook to Outlook XP or 2003 that have a built-in Jewish calendar, but this is either not possible (for example, for those bound to whatever version their office is using) or not done for reasons of either finance or convenience.
		A lunisolar calendar is a calendar whose date indicates both the moon phase and the season.
		The Islamic calendar is not lunisolar because its date does not indicate the season and the Gregorian Calendar is not lunisolar because its date does not indicate the moon phase.
	www.gassner.co.il /jewish-calendar (523 words)

	Jewish Calendar - Hebrew Calendar
		Since the Jewish calendar is primarily a lunar calendar, the arrival of the new month ("Rosh Hodesh" in Hebrew) is determined by the appearance of the new moon.
		The Samaritan calendar fixes the first day of the month by the conjunction of the moon with the sun, not by the new moon, and their months are numbered, not named.
		As just mentioned, the Hebrew calendar goes by a 19-year cycle that includes leap years in the 3rd, 6th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th and 19th years of the cycle, meaning in those years, an extra month is added to the Jewish calendar to keep it aligned with the solar calendar.
	www.angelfire.com /pa2/passover/jewish-calendar-hebrew.html (6605 words)

	.:. Jewish Calendar .:. ASTRAL TRAVELER .:.
		The current Jewish calendar is generally said to have been set down by the Sanhedrin president Hillel II in approximately CE 359.
		The Jewish calendar is used for religious purposes by Jews all over the world, and it is the official calendar of Israel.
		The year number on the Jewish calendar represents the number of years since creation, calculated by adding up the ages of people in the Torah (mostly the Old Testament of the Christian Bible) back to the time of creation.
	www.astraltraveler.com /calendars/jewish.html (1115 words)

	Torah Tots - The Site for Jewish children - Jewish Calendar
		However, because the Jewish lunar calendar year is not the same length as the CIVIL (Gregorian) solar calendar year used by most of the western world, the Jewish holidays' CIVIL dates vary from year to year as the date shifts on the CIVIL calendar.
		Jewish calendar year 5758 (that began October 2, 1997) was the first year of the current cycle.
		Jewish calendar year 5760 (that began September 11, 1999) was the third year of the current cycle.
	www.torahtots.com /calendar/jewishcalendar.htm (3098 words)

	Holocaust & Jewish Information - A Quest to Understand
		Jewish life in the Middle Ages was for the most part a story of social and economic isolation, persecution and massacres.
		By 1929 the Jewish population in Palestine was 160,000, and by the spring of 1936, with the advent of Hitler and increased German immigration, there were close to 400,000 Jews, or about 30 percent of the total population.
		These councils of Jewish elders, (Judenrat; plural: Judenröte), were responsible for organizing the orderly deportation to the death camps, for detailing the number and occupations of the Jews in the ghettos, for distributing food and medical supplies, and for communicating the orders of the ghetto Nazi masters.
	killeenroos.com /5/JEWS.htm (13011 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Jewish Calendar
		As in our ecclesiastical calendar, the days of the Jewish week are numbered, not named.
		In the present day, and for many centuries, this very primitive manner of fixing the beginning of the month has given way to a systematic calculation of the latter's duration, and the Jewish calendar is now constructed on the basis of a mean lunation of 29 days, 12 hours, 44 min., and 30 sec.
		It is plain, therefore, that the Jewish year has long been, and still is, a luni-solar year.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03166a.htm (1098 words)

	Jewish Calendar
		Commemorates the fast of Queen Esther in order to save the Jewish people of ancient Persia (Late 6th century B.C.E.), and the subsequent victory of the Jewish people over their enemies.
		The first commandment given by G-d to the Jewish People was to establish the beginning of the Month of Nisan (which wasn't yet called "Nisan," but, rather, the First Month).
		From this point on, the Hebrew Calendar was placed in the hands of the Jewish People.
	www.ou.org /calendar/2005.htm (1468 words)

	B'nai B'rith: 5 Year Jewish Holiday Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Since the Jewish calendar begins with Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish year always straddles two years from the civil calendar.
		Shabbat is the holiest day in the Jewish calendar and it is also a holiday that happens each week, Friday night at sundown to Saturday night at sundown.
		Tu B'Shevat, the 15th of Shevat on the Jewish calendar, is the day that marks the beginning of a New Year for Trees.
	www.bnaibrith.org /programs/jholidays/index.cfm (945 words)

	Jewish calendar
		The calendar is consisting of 354 days a year, but has a leap month 7 times every 19 years, so that the count of years in the Jewish calendar more or less follows the Christian (Gregorian).
		The Jewish era starts on what would be October 5, 3761 BCE, which is seen as the moment of creation.
		The system of the Jewish calendar was established by rabbi Hillel in the 4th century CE.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/jew_cal.htm (83 words)

	The Hasassah-Brandeis Institute - Publications - Readers Guides
		Response to “Jewish Women around the World” has been phenomenal: calendar users have requested we send multiple copies to their sisterhoods, boards of directors, friends, students, and book groups.
		One woman purchased a case of calendars in order to distribute copies to the 150 guests at her daughter’s bat mitzvah.
		Our goal this year is to sell 5,000 copies of the calendar as a fundraising tool to support HBI research activities, while distributing 10,000 copies free of charge to children in Jewish communities around the world.
	www.brandeis.edu /hbi/pubs/calendar.html (751 words)

	The Jewish/Civil Calendar Program -- Info
		According to Jewish tradition, the year 1 of the Jewish calendar was the time of "waste and void" referred to in Genesis 1.1.
		The Jewish/Civil Perpetual Calendar accepts, at the prompt "YEAR(S)", a year of the Jewish calendar, for example "5750", and produces on the screen a calendar of that year with a visually equivalent civil calendar opposite it for easy conversion of dates.
		The Jewish year beginning prior to Jan 1 of that year will be displayed, and you can continue with the next Jewish year if you wish to complete the desired civil year.
	www.uwm.edu /~corre/calendar.html (1126 words)

	Jewish Calendar
		The solar cycle retains the importance in regard to the measuring of the agricultural times and the lunar cycle is used for the marking of the festivals.
		The current Jewish calendar is generally said to have been set down by the head of the Sanhedrin Hillel II in approximately 350 C.E. It is a remarkable and ingenious piece of calculation that was made before the calculator.
		Once the calendar was codified, the visual testimony is no longer accepted as the means of knowing the time of the new moon.
	www.jewishmag.com /86mag/calendar/calendar.htm (1592 words)

	Jewish Calendar - ReligionFacts
		The Jewish calendar is significantly different from the calendar with which most westerners are familiar.
		This is primarily because the Jewish calendar is lunar, or based on the cycles of the moon.
		The best way to understand this is that the Jewish calendar simply has different "years" for different purposes, just as the secular world recognizes as fiscal year, a school year and a calendar year.
	www.religionfacts.com /judaism/calendar.htm (476 words)

	[No title]
		The accuracy of the Hebrew calendar is fixed by the value of the mean lunation period coupled to the 19 year cycle of 235 lunar months.
		The old Roman calendar was very complicated and required a group of men, known as the pontiffs, to decide when days should be added or removed to keep the calendar in track with the seasons.
		In the modern calendar the intercalary day is still added to February, not, however, between the 24th and 25th, but as the 29th.
	www.abdicate.net /cal.aspx (2085 words)

	Two for the Price of One
		The Jewish calendar is lunar: The months begin with the advent of the new moon; the full moon marks the middle of the month, and the month comes to a close when the moon is once again a tiny sliver.
		Until the naming of the Jewish months, they were simply known as the "first month", the "second month", and so on, starting their counting with the month of Nissan (when Passover falls out) and NOT with Tishrei (Rosh Hashana).
		To give you a bit of perspective of where in time we are, it is believed that Abraham was born in the year 1948 of the Jewish calendar; the Exodus was 2448, the modern state of Israel established in 5708 (1948 CE).
	www.wzo.org.il /en/resources/view.asp?id=149 (782 words)

	Hebrew Calendar Science and Myths
		However, the development of the calendar's arithmetic rules embedded and demonstrated the considerable mathematical and scientific genius of the many unnamed scholars who devoted their skills to this unique problem.
		At some point in the history of the calendar, the beginning of the very first period of 19 years was determined, and years 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 19 of the 19 year cycle were declared to be leap years of 13 months each.
		Since it is required that the Hebrew calendar be constructed in complete days, an initial approach at determining the Hebrew calendar based on the astronomical calendar would be to have the Hebrew years start on the weekday of the molad of Tishrei.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/1584 (7946 words)

	Introduction to the Jewish Calendar
		Actually, the Jewish calendar might best be described as “luni-solar.” Since every Jewish each lunar cycle runs roughly 29.5 days, the Jewish year has 354 days compared to 365 days of the solar calendar.
		However, since the Jewish year is not the same length as the solar year on the Gregorian calendar, the date will appear to “shift” when viewed from the perspective of the Gregorian calendar.
		In particular, you must remember that a Jewish holiday begins on the evening previous to the day indicated on a Jewish calendar (unless that happens to be a Sabbath, in which case the date is moved earlier).
	www.hebrew4christians.com /Holidays/Calendar/calendar.html (1658 words)

	Babylonian, Jewish, Muslim, Luni-Solar, Indian, Iranian Calendars
		Surviving luni-solar calendars, the Jewish and the Chinese, are now used mainly for ritual purposes.
		For a lunar calendar adjusting to the solar year, the best approximations (by continued fractions) to the difference between twelve synodic months and the tropical year would be to add one month every three years, three every eight, four every eleven, seven every nineteen, or 123 every 334.
		While the religious Islâmic calendar is of course used in Irân, the ancient solar calendar also continues to be used as a civil calendar.
	www.friesian.com /calendar.htm (8375 words)

	Jewish Media Resources
		The festival of lights is a celebration of the victory of the Macabees and the rededication of the Jewish Temple.
		It is an agenda leading directly to the Jewish graveyard, just as it would have if their historical predecessors had succeeded.
		Tomorrow night's Seder is the highlight of the year as far as the transmission of enduring Jewish values from one generation to another: "And you shall say to your son on that day.
	www.jewishmediaresources.com /calendar.php (794 words)

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