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Topic: Jewish Fighting Organization

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	The Creation of the Jewish Fighting Organization in the Warsaw Ghetto
		It was decided to set up the Jewish Fighting Organization YKA (Yidishe-Kamf-Organizatsie).
		The organization signed proclamations which it issued in the Polish language with the initials ZOB: Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa – Jewish Fighting Organization.
		The fighting organization had been set up, but all the weapons there were in the ghetto at that time consisted of just one pistol...!
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Holocaust/zob.html (304 words)

	Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa (ŻOB, Polish for the Jewish Fighting Organization; called in Yiddish יידישע קאמף ארגאניזאציע) - a World War II resistance movement, which was supposedly instrumental in engineering the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (ŻZW fighters from second Jewish resistance organisation claim otherwise).
		The youth groups that were instrumental in forming the ŻOB had anticipated German intentions to annihilate Warsaw Jewry and began to shift from an educational and cultural focus to self-defense and eventual armed struggle.
		The proposal was rejected by the Bund who believed that a fighting organization would fail without the help of Polish resistance groups who were refusing to provide any support to such an organization.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jewish_Fighting_Organization (1268 words)

	General Jewish Labor Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bund was internationalist in its socialist orientation, focusing on culture, not a state or a place, as the glue of Jewish "nationalism." In this they borrowed extensively from the Austro-Marxist school, further alienating the Bolsheviks and Lenin.
		In 1948-1949 its leaders 'voluntarily' disbanded the party against the opposition of many activists, among which Marek Edelman who later was to be part in the Polish anticommunist opposition in the 1970s, and a member of the Sejm after the fall of the regime.
		The Bund survives as a minor political movement in Jewish communities in the United States, where from the 1950s through it operated a summer camp called Camp Hemshekh in the Catskills region of New York State, as well as in Canada and Australia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/General_Jewish_Labor_Union (988 words)

	IB Holocaust Project: Armed Warsaw (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Jewish armed resistance took three forms: the armed rebellion in the ghettos and camps, the formation of partisan units and the joining the resistance movements in occupied Europe.
		The armed struggle of the Jews of Poland was headed by the Jewish Fighting Organization which included members of the Zionist Pioneer Movements, the two factions of the Poalei Zion and the Jewish Communists.
		The fighters of this organization led the uprising in Warsaw, Bialystok, Cracow and the Czestochowa region of Zaglembia.
	cghs.dade.k12.fl.us /holocaust/armed_warsaw.htm (1255 words)

	Warsaw Ghetto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		All Jewish residents of Warsaw were ordered into the designated area, which was sealed off from the rest of the city in November 1940.
		Jewish organizations tried to meet the needs of the ghetto residents, who were constantly struggling for survival.
		Among the welfare organizations active in the ghetto were the Jewish Mutual Aid Society, the federation of Associations in Poland for the Care pf orphans, and the Organization for Rehabilitation through Training (O.R.T.).
	www.uwm.edu /Dept/CJS/holocaust/warsaw.html (378 words)

	Jewish Time \| Life Cycle
		The first documented Jewish settlement in Warsaw –; a small fishing village on the banks of the Wisla River – dates back to 1414, after several dozens of families were granted a special permit to settle down in the region and engage in commerce.
		The first operations carried out by the Jewish underground were directed towards the Jewish collaborators: high-ranking officials in the Jewish Police and Judenrat accused of assisting the Germans, Jewish traitors who helped the SS soldiers capture their own people and lead them to their death.
		The establishment of the Jewish Fighting Organization and the revenge in the traitors and collaborators marked a new era in the life of the Warsaw ghetto.
	www.jafi.org.il /education/festivls/YSHOA/Warsaw/1.html (1676 words)

	Untitled Document
		Mordechai Anielewicz, the leader of a group of some 750 loosely organized combatants known as the Jewish Fighting Organization (ZOB), became one of the first to strike out for a sense of retribution and honor.
		The Jewish Fighting Organization became a symbol of resistance in Warsaw, a new hope that united they could defeat the Nazis.
		The Jewish Fighting Organization fought for freedom in the same way that Gandhi fought for independence or Martin Luther King, Jr., fought for equality.
	www.chapman.edu /holocaust/finegersh.html (871 words)

	bialystokghettofighters
		She was among the organizers of the groups which escaped from the Grodno ghetto to the forests.
		He was among the heads of the anti - Fascist organization in the Bialystok ghetto, an active Communist, and a proponent of resistance from within the ghetto.
		In Vilnius she began her activities in the Jewish underground and became a courier for the Dror movement in Lithuania and Poland.
	www.zabludow.com /bialystokghettofighters.html (1402 words)

	GHETTO FIGHTERS' HOUSE
		Yehezkel Atlas, the founder and commander of a Jewish partisan unite falls in a battle with Germans.
		The Jewish fighting Organization attacks German officers in cafes in Krakov (the Zigeneria caf?)
		The remaining of the Warsaw ghetto underground fight in the Polish uprising against the Germans.
	www.korczak-school.org.il /eng/date10.asp (291 words)

	[No title]
		She chairs the Education Committee of the American Gathering of Jewish Holocaust Survivors, is vice president of the Jewish Labor Committee, and is the director of J.L.C.'s Yiddish Culture and Holocaust Program.
		In October 1942, the coordinated Jewish Fighting Organization of Warsaw, ZOB, was formed.
		Those who say that organized Jewish armed resistance came too late in the ghetto would do well to remember that it was the earliest uprising of its kind in Europe.
	academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us /mandel/VladkaMeedArticle.doc (3309 words)

	LOVE YOUR TERRORIST : SF Indymedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Leib Rotblatt was a member of the ZOB (Jewish Fighting Organization), which emerged in the Warsaw Ghetto during the summer of 1942.
		August 20, 1942: The ZOB (Jewish Fighting Organization) attempts to assassinate Joseph Szerynski, commander of the Jewish police in the Warsaw Ghetto.
		October 29, 1942: In Warsaw, resistance fighters with the Jewish Fighting Organization assassinate Jacob Lejkin, acting commander of the Warsaw Ghetto Jewish police, for his complicity in deportations of Jews.
	sf.indymedia.org /print.php?id=1535409 (1919 words)

	The Warsaw Ghetto 'Uprising' -- Jewish Insurrection or German Police Operation?
		Himmler therefore decided to relocate the Jewish population, along with the workshops and factories, to the Lublin region, and to raze the ghetto, replacing it with a park.
		One should not doubt either the courage of the Jewish resistance in the ghetto or the tragic nature of the whole affair, with the civilian population trapped in the cross-fire between various heterogeneous German units and small groups of Jewish guerrillas scattered throughout the ghetto.
		Jewish historian Ber Mark contends that there were perhaps a thousand 'organized' Jewish fighters, with many others helping in the struggle.
	www.ihr.org /jhr/v14/v14n2p2_Faurisson.html (2446 words)

	Shofar FTP Archives: people/e/eichmann.adolf/transcripts/Sessions/Session-027-07
		This is taken from the archives of the command of the Jewish fighting force.
		We repeatedly explained to him, both to him and to the higher command, that our purpose was to give a fighting answer to the murder inside the ghetto, for the sake of our honour, for the sake of the community amongst whom we were living.
		In the Vilna Ghetto we buried the main archives of the Jewish fighting force.
	www.vex.net /~nizkor/ftp.cgi/people/e/eichmann.adolf/ftp.py?people/e/eichmann.adolf/transcripts/Sessions/Session-027-07 (1843 words)

	[No title]
		A shortcoming of the concentration of the leaders of the revolt in the southern part of the camp was their remoteness from the place where the removal of the arms was carried out and from the attack on the SS and Ukrainian quarters.
		All the members of the "organizing committee," including Galewski, and other members of the underground who were actively involved in the revolt, were the last to make for the fences; most of them were hit and fell within the camp.
		While the underground members were fighting, the other prisoners burst through the fences that were behind the barracks on the southern side of the camp and began escaping into the fields in the direction of the forest.
	www.mtsu.edu /~baustin/yvscamps.html (15353 words)

	Jewish Resistance
		Jewish partisans, survivors of the Warsaw ghetto uprising, at a family camp in Wyszkow forest.
		Organized armed resistance was the most forceful form of Jewish opposition to the Nazis.
		The largest armed uprising was the Warsaw ghetto uprising (April-May 1943), sparked by rumors that the Nazis would deport the remaining ghetto inhabitants to the Treblinka extermination camp in Poland.
	www.ushmm.org /wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005213 (513 words)

	A Few Comments On The Jewish Supremacist Organization Known As The American Jewish Committee
		The American Jewish Committee was created to act as a central organization “for the purpose of cooperating with the various national Jewish bodies in [the U.S.] and abroad on questions of national and international moment to the Jewish people.” The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, 1939, volume 1, p.
		American Jewish Committee founder Schiff’s blocking of Russian war loans greatly hampered Russia’s ability to fight Germany and was a factor in bringing Britain to the brink of military ruin.
		The comments on Julius Rosenwald’s (Jewish) funding of the Jewish Communist “Kozmet.” The Komzet was the Communist commission that settled Jewish Communists on land formerly belonging to Ukrainian Christians, whom Stalin and the Jews had murdered by the millions.
	www.misconduct.org /11.htm (4496 words)

	Women & The Holocaust - Personal Reflections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This thesis is a study of the acts of resistance by the women couriers of the Jewish Fighting Organization in Poland during the Holocaust.
		It chronicles the couriers' roots in the Jewish youth organizations before the war and then their accomplishments in the Jewish underground during the German occupation.
		The couriers were essential to the success of the Jewish Fighting Organization, which had branches throughout Poland.
	www3.sympatico.ca /mighty1/essays/courier.htm (181 words)

	Judea Electronic Magazine, No. 7.2
		Now it is possible to create a Jewish presence in these areas through farms, fences, roads, and light poles, in every place possible according to law.
		By the end of 1998, the Jewish population of Judea, Samaria, and Gaza reached 180,000 citizens, an increase of 40,000 during the three years of the Netanyahu government, and by the fall of 1999 another 5,000 families are expected to join them.
		It must be stated that Anelewicz's group, the Z.O.B., began to organize only two years later, in August 1942, after the major German "Action" in which 300,000 Jews, young and old, women and children, were deported to the death camps.
	www.womeningreen.org /judea/jm72.htm (3337 words)

	Trivial Pursuits: I Came as the Lamb, but I Return as the Lion
		These events in January had a decisive impact on the preparations that were being made for the next uprising; the three months from January to April were utilized for feverish activities to put the ZOB in a state of readiness for the forthcoming test on the field of battle.
		The weapons in the hands of the fighting organizations were mostly pistols and a few automatic weapons.
		There is no doubt that the chief of the SS and police in the Warsaw district, Obergruppenfuhrer Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg, was aware of the existence of a Jewish defense formation, but he apparently did not dare admit to his superiors in Krakow that a significant Jewish fighting force had been established in the ghetto.
	trivialpursuits.typepad.com /trivial_pursuits/2004/04/i_came_as_the_l.html (2350 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the midst of the first wave of deportations from Warsaw ghetto to the Treblinka extermination camp, the Jewish Fighting Organization (ZOB, Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa) is established.
		The fighting organization is unified, strategies are planned, underground bunkers and tunnels are built, and roof-top passages are constructed.
		On April 19, 1943, the Germans under the command of SS General Juergen Stroop, began the final destruction of the ghetto and the deportation of the remaining Jews.
	www.ushmm.org /outreach/wswchr.htm (465 words)

	Revolt
		The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising broke out on April 19, 1943 and had two fighting factions: The "Jewish Fighting Organization" (ZOB) consisting of 500 fighters and the "Jewish Military Union" (ZZV) made up of 250 fighters.
		In later months organized Jewish fighting took place in the Ghettos of Kovno, Krakov, Zaglembie, Bialistok, Lachva and Tuchin.
		In October of 1944 the forced Jewish laborers rebelled in the death camp Auschwitz-Birkenau.
	www.commem.com /prod02zo.htm (354 words)

	Uprising: NBC Miniseries
		As one Z.O.B. leader recalled: "We saw ourselves as a Jewish underground whose fate was a tragic one, the first to fight.
		Jewish self defense in the Warsaw ghetto has become a fact.
		The choice was to die fighting and to inflict casualties on the enemy.
	www.adl.org /uprising/Warsaw.asp (496 words)

	Women & The Holocaust - Personal Reflections
		Subsequently, every Jewish community in Poland was isolated and destroyed in a carefully conceived plan of extermination: the Final Solution.
		The couriers of the Jewish resistance were a significant part of that legacy.
		Women who were an integral part of the Jewish resistance showed some of the greatest courage during the occupation.
	www3.sympatico.ca /mighty1/essays/courier1.htm (511 words)

	Warsaw ghetto (Poland)
		I remember vividly his description of uplifting sight of white and blue flag of ZZW (Jewish Military Union or Irgun) fluttering furiously next to white and red flag of Poland over the fierce battlefield behind the wall.
		During the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of April-May, 1943, The ZOB (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa or Jewish Fighting Organization or Yidische Kampf Organizatzion) led by Mordechaj Anielewicz and composed of members of leftist and ultra leftist youth organizations:
		The Jewish Council (Judenrat) of Warsaw Ghetto was flying a white flag with the blue shield of David in the center.The Jewish
	flagspot.net /flags/pl_wghet.html (1032 words)

	THHP Questions: Trawniki
		After the liquidation of the Warsaw ghetto in the wake of the ghetto revolt in 1943, the Fritz Schulz Works in Warsaw was moved to Trawniki with ten thousand workers; it consisted of workshops for tailors, furriers, and broom makers.
		The Jewish prisoners in Trawniki were also employed in peat mining and in eart-moving operations outside the camp.
		In the spring of 1944 the remaining prisoners in the camp were transferred to the Starachowice camp, in the Radom district.
	www.holocaust-history.org /questions/trawniki.shtml (655 words)

	We stand with the Palestinians
		THIS WEEK marks the annual commemoration of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943, in which the lightly armed Jewish Fighting Organization in Poland heroically resisted Nazi armed forces equipped with artillery, tanks and fighter planes.
		But Palestinians face oppression so great that growing numbers of young people would rather die resisting Israel’s iron heel--just as members of the Jewish Fighting Organization concluded that it was better to die fighting the Nazis than to be sent to concentration camps.
		But one side in this conflict is fighting to maintain a colonial-settler state based on racial and religious exclusion and backed by overwhelming military force and the imperialist might of the world’s only superpower.
	www.socialistworker.org /2002-1/402/402_03_SideWithPalestine.shtml (559 words)

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