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Topic: Jewish Nationalist Movement

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	British Support for Jewish Restoration
		It reflected a deep-seated philosophical and religious movement for restoration of the Jews that had become rooted in British culture in the 19th century.
		Jewish readiness to live in Palestine and invest their capital in agriculture.
		In her novel, Daniel Deronda (1876), George Eliot advocated, "the restoration of a Jewish state planted in the old ground as a center of a national feeling, a source of dignifying protection, a special channel for special energies and an added voice in the councils of the world."
	www.mideastweb.org /britzion.htm (1830 words)

	Who is a Jew? - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Orthodox movements assert that non-Orthodox rabbis are not qualified to form a beit din, and are generally restrictive in their willingness to accept the ruling of a beit din with whom they are not familiar.
		The Liberal movement in the UK does, but the Reform Synagogues of Great Britain adhere to the traditional view that a Jew is the child of a Jewish mother, or is a person who has converted to Judaism.
		All Jewish denominations welcome the return of any Jews who have left (or who have been raised in a faith other than) Judaism, and these individuals would not require a formal conversion, though they would be expected to abandon their previous beliefs and adopt Judaism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Who_is_a_Jew? (4451 words)

	The Jewish Enlightenment, Reform Judaism and Jewish National
		The Jewish Enlightenment was an offshoot of the general European Enlightenment and drew from it a large portion of its ideas, especially re-interpreted in the context of the values of Judaism and the unique situation of the Jewish people.
		The attempt by the Jewish Enlightenment to deny the connection between the Jewish people and the land of Israel was a direct outcome of the desire to overcome this dilemma.
		The standard-bearer and chief of ideologue of the Reform movement was Abraham Geiger.
	www.jafi.org.il /education/100/act/02zion.html (1935 words)

	Zionism
		Zionism is a Jewish nationalist movement, which developed during the second half of the 19th century among Jews of Central and Eastern Europe.
		Zionism sees itself as the the modern form of a millennia-old dream of Jewish people to rebuild a Jewish state in the land of Israel (one of the proposed names for this state was Zion).
		The desire of Jews to return to their ancestral homeland was first expressed during the Babylonian exile and became a universal Jewish theme after the destruction of Jerusalem and Judea by the Roman Empire in 70 A.D. and the dispersal that followed.
	www.factspider.com /zi/zionism.html (1970 words)

	Zionism Then and Now
		The strength of the Zionist movement, however, lies in the fact that from the outset it was founded as a national rescue movement.
		The enigma lies in identifying the renewed challenges facing the Jewish nationalist concept as embodied in the State of Israel on the threshold of the third millennium, and the jubilee year of the establishment of the State.
		As long as the disappearance of Jewish communities in the Diaspora is not the result of a tragic event such as the Holocaust, it is ultimately the right of each individual to choose whether he wishes to maintain his Jewish identity or not.
	www.tau.ac.il /taunews/96winter/zion.html (4651 words)

	Zionism
		A Jewish nationalist movement, Zionism was responsible for establishing the modern state of Israel as the Jewish homeland.
		Jewish history during the Diaspora was marked by the appearance of a succession of pseudo messiahs - among them Sabbatai Zevi - who claimed that they would return the Jews to Zion.
		With the publication of Der Judenstaat ("The Jewish State") by Theodor Herzl in 1896, however, political Zionism was born and with it the modern conception of Zionism.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txc/zionism.htm (1133 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Emancipation and Jewish Studies (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Modern Jewish experience, to be fully understood, must be viewed under the aspect of emancipation, that process, starting in the late 18th century, whereby the Jews of Western and Central Europe achieved civic and social rights, thus paving the way for their entry into the larger society.
		...Equivalent Jewish studies were conducted either by scholars working in privacy or under the auspices of certain rabbinical seminaries, a fact that placed grave limitations on both the quality and the quantity of the research...
		...The Jewish bid for political equality was to find its most daring expression in Zionism, pointedly defined as auto-emancipation by Yehuda Leib Pinsker, one of the founding fathers of the Jewish nationalist movement...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V57I4P62-1.htm (4747 words)

	Fifty years since Israel's founding (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The tragic irony of this supposed solution is Israel's association of the Jewish people--traditionally and historically connected with the struggle for tolerance and freedom--with the brutal suppression of another oppressed population.
		Ben Gurion described the realization of Israeli statehood as the "culmination of the Jewish revolution." It represented the achievement of the central political aim of Zionism, the Jewish nationalist movement founded in the latter part of the 19th century.
		That is to unite Arab and Jewish workers in a common struggle against capitalism and for the building of a socialist society, which would tear down the artificial borders which divide the peoples and economies of the region.
	wsws.org /news/1998/may1998/isrl-m29.shtml (2388 words)

	Teacher Lesson 2: Teaching the Israeli Palestinian Conflict, Rev. 2nd ed., Nov. 93
		Particularly important are the decline of Jewish security in Eastern Europe in the late 19th century and the rise of anti-Jewish political movements in Western Europe at the same time.
		Jewish small merchants were prominent in grain trading and the related liquor trade, in innkeeping and the sugar industry.
		While some people may disagree with the goals of Zionism, the Jewish nationalist movement and its organizations are not secret or conspiratorial and are not to be confused with fabricated defamations of the Jewish people.
	www.umich.edu /~iinet/worldreach/assets/docs/israeli-palestinian_conflict/teacherlesson2.html (4664 words)

	UJC - Should Israel Be a Jewish State?
		To suggest that Zionism, the nationalist movement of the Jewish people, is the only form of nationalism that is illegitimate is pure bigotry.
		It is especially ironic that the Jewish nation should be challenged given that Jewish statehood preceded the emergence of most modern nation-states by thousands of years.
		Arab citizens also understand that Israel is a Jewish state and, while they might prefer that it was not, they have still chosen to live there (nothing prevents Arabs from moving to any of the 180-odd non-Jewish states in the world).
	www.ujc.org /content_display.html?ArticleID=101526 (440 words)

	[ JewishHistory.com : Overview ]
		The medieval period (or the Middle Ages) in Jewish history is the period between the Muslim-Arab conquests in the early seventh century and the appearance of modern ideas regarding the economy, religious identity, and social interaction, sometime around the mid-seventeenth century.
		Jewish political and social integration proceeded at a pace determined by the political, economic, and social make-up of individual states, so that the road to emancipation was short in France, long and bumpy in Germany, and brutal and never-ending in Russia.
		Zionism, the Jewish nationalist movement, scored a tremendous victory in 1947 when the United Nations voted in favor of the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.
	www.jewishhistory.com /overview.phtml (998 words)

	Israel, Zionism and anti-Semitism
		He urges the Jewish communities of the world to help it move "from the clash of civilizations it is currently promoting, to a new model of partnership and generosity".
		If it were not for the "Jewish" brand label, it is very doubtful that the world would have accepted a nationalistic ideology based on replacing the indigenous Palestinian population with newcomers from Europe.
		The Jewish Diaspora was deeply traumatized by the Holocaust.
	www.redress.btinternet.co.uk /omedicks2.htm (2308 words)

	Binyamin Ze'ev (Theodore) Herzl and the Zionist Movement
		Binyamin Ze'ev (Theodore) Herzl and the Zionist Movement
		The Hovevei Tzion movement (Lovers of Zion) -- the first Jewish nationalist movement in modern times -- contributed to the development of the Zionist idea.
		Loss of his connection to the Jewish people had not brought the hoped for equality, and in the space of less than one generation since their emancipation, loud voices sounded against its continuation.
	www.jafi.org.il /education/100/act/10zion.html (2324 words)

	Zionism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Jewish nationalist movement that has had as its goal the creation and support of a Jewish national state in Palestine, the ancient homeland of the Jews
		Though Zionism originated in eastern and central Europe in the latter part of the 19th century, it is in many ways a continuation of the ancient nationalist attachment of the Jews and of the Jewish religion to the historical region of Palestine, where one of the hills of ancient Jerusalem was called Zion.
		In March 1925 the Jewish population in Palestine was officially estimated at 108,000, and it had risen to about 238,000 (20 percent of the population) by 1933.
	www.humanities.uci.edu /~rmoeller/body/zionism.html (886 words)

	Likhovski
		Jewish law was identified in revival literature both with the East and with the West, but the general trend over the years was to re-orient Jewish law--to try to distance it from Oriental legal systems.
		This means the Jewish immigration from the countries of the West, whose crimes are intricate and complex, sometimes because of their fragile mental composition and sometime because of their ways of execution which are full of deceit and fraud, but seem, superficially, legal and orderly.
		Jewish law, they argued, existed "on the borderline" between the Orient and the West, and was therefore "destined from its beginning to unify their conflicting influences." Geography was enlisted to support this idea.
	www.comparativelaw.org /jour-curr-3.html (14247 words)

	Jewish Religion Definitions (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Jewish Orthodoxy resolutely refuses to accept the position of Reform Judaism that the Bible and other sacred Jewish writings contain not only eternally valid moral principles but also historically and culturally conditioned adaptations and interpretations of the Law that may be legitimately discarded in modern times.
		Samuel Holdheim (1806–60) rejected Jewish marriage and divorce laws as obsolete, arguing that such codes fell outside the ethical and doctrinal functions of Judaism and were superseded by the laws of the state.
		Jewish observance commemorating the rededication (164 BC) of the Second Temple of Jerusalem after its desecration three years earlier by order of Antiochus IV Epiphanes; the Syrian king was thus frustrated in his attempt to extirpate the Jewish faith.
	www.humanities.uci.edu /~rmoeller/body/religious_terms.html (3925 words)

	mparent7777: HISTORY DID NOT START IN 1947 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		But after WWI ended, the British who were heavily pressured and lobbied by the Zionist movement, reluctantly broke their promise to the Hussein, and agreed to the Balfour Declaration.
		It was applied to the Jewish nationalist movement that aimed to create a Jewish state or national center in Ottoman Palestine, the historic homeland of the ancestors of Jews.
		The movement gained ground among the Jews of Europe in the nineteenth century, when the political emancipation of the Jewish communities and their assimilation into the mainstream culture failed to secure them full acceptance.
	mparent7777.livejournal.com /10272757.html (992 words)

	A Time for Truth (Site not responding. Last check: )
		While the modern movement has existed for only 120 years, Zionism began in 70 CE when the Second Temple in Jerusalem was destroyed and the Jewish People were forced into exile.
		Since this time, the Jewish People’s love of the Land of Israel and its yearning to return there has been its continual focus.
		Despite an imposed exile and dispersion of its people, the Jews of the world preserved their unique culture through the Torah (the Bible) and the knowledge of a shared history in the ancient Land of Israel.
	www.elliotkramer.ca /site/truth/u_n.html (255 words)

	What is Zionism?
		Modern Zionism fused the ancient Jewish biblical and historical ties to the ancestral homeland with the modern concept of nationalism into a vision of establishing a modern Jewish state in the land of Israel.
		The re-establishment of Jewish independence in Israel, after centuries of struggle to overcome foreign conquest and exile, is a vindication of the fundamental concepts of the equality of nations and of self-determination.
		To question the Jewish people's right to national existence and freedom is not only to deny to the Jewish people the right accorded to every other people on this globe, but it is also to deny the central precepts of the United Nations.
	www.adl.org /durban/zionism.asp (439 words)

	Israel HighWay
		Operation Promise is a $160m initiative by the United Jewish Communities and the Jewish Federations of North America, to support Jewish people in plight across the globe including Ethiopia and the former Soviet Union.
		A project in the name of Jewish journalist Daniel Pearl who was kidnapped and murdered in Pakistan in 2002 is aiming to help secondary school pupils across the globe to become student journalists and get their work published and recognized.
		But what a group of American Jewish Day School teachers discovered on their first trip to Israel is that being a Jew in a Boca Raton religious school is starkly different from being a Jew in an Israeli public school.
	www.israelhighway.org /archive-2006/16feb06.html (5328 words)

	Goldschmidt. Roots of Arab Bitterness
		Lately it has been fashionable for Arab nationalists and their sympathizers to denounce the horrors of Ottoman rule, blaming the Turks for the Arabs' backwardness, political ineptitude, disunity, or whatever else was wrong in their society.
		But to many Arab nationalists, this Anglo-French agreement was a betrayal of their cause, worse because it was not made public until after the war.
		In order to weaken the nationalists, France tried to break up Syria into smaller units, including what would eventually become the republic of Lebanon, plus Alexandretta (which was handed over to Turkey in 1939), states for the Alawis in the north and the Druze in the south, and even Aleppo and Damascus as city-states.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~fisher/hst373/readings/goldschm.html (6545 words)

	Felix Frankfurter
		Felix Frankfurter, the son of a Jewish merchant and his wife, was born in Vienna, on November 15, 1882.
		He was a member of the American Zionist delegation to the Paris Peace Conference, sent by Justice Louis Brandeis.
		Frankfurter engaged in correspondence with Arab leader Emir Faisal, in which Faisal expresses his support for the Jewish nationalist movement.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/frankfurter.html (291 words)

	Benjamin Freedman: Defector from Jewish Supremacism, part 3 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Today you'll learn the inside story on how the Jewish power structure has been misusing American citizens and soldiers for almost 100 years -- and how their intrigues brought the US into both world wars and into a dangerous alliance with Israel which now has brought us to the brink of World War III.
		You'll understand that the Jewish power structure supported Germany initially, since the Kaiser's Germany was probably the most pro-Jewish country in Europe -- but that they betrayed their friends the instant they saw an advantage in doing so, and that advantage came when Britain promised Palestine to the Zionists.
		Sir Mark admitted ignorance of this movement and I told him something about it and concluded by saying, 'You can win the sympathy of the Jews everywhere in one way only, and that way is by offering to try and secure Palestine for them'...
	www.nationalvanguard.org /story.php?id=4300 (2904 words)

	Amsterdam II: Zionism and the State of Israel
		If one were to agree theologically with Emil Brunner, then, "one may hardly accept a positive attitude towards a Jewish nationalist movement which not only strives to create a Jewish state, but also perhaps dreams of the re-establishment of the temple in Jerusalem." But the missionary adds, "Actually that would not be so unbiblical.
		Having analyzed Zionism as a nationalistic movement with no chance of success, as a vain attempt by Jews to achieve their own salvation (when the missionaries knew that salvation was only in Christ), they were unable to fit this new phenomenon into their theological framework.
		Even when one of their number, Robert Brunner, called urgently for a response and offered a cogent theological context for it, they still were not capable of coming to terms with a Jewish movement that would return the Jewish people to sovereignty in the Land.
	www.abrock.com /Zion2.html (2705 words)

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