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Topic: Jewish rebellions

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	Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel by Israel Shahak and Norton Mezvinsky
		Jewish opposition in Israel to Jewish fundamentalism greatly increased after a Jewish, fundamentalist, religious fanatic, Yigal Amir, who insisted that he was acting in accordance with dictates in Judaism, shot and killed Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin.
		According to the Halacha (Jewish religious law), homosexuality is punishable by death by stoning, and, although the punishment is not clear, lesbian relations are forbidden.
		The Jewish rebellions against the Romans resulted in a permanent loss of Jewish population in Palestine; the importance of the Jewish diaspora thus increased.
	members.tripod.com /alabasters_archive/jewish_fundamentalism.html (4154 words)

	Holocaust & Jewish Information - A Quest to Understand
		Jewish life in the Middle Ages was for the most part a story of social and economic isolation, persecution and massacres.
		By 1929 the Jewish population in Palestine was 160,000, and by the spring of 1936, with the advent of Hitler and increased German immigration, there were close to 400,000 Jews, or about 30 percent of the total population.
		These councils of Jewish elders, (Judenrat; plural: Judenröte), were responsible for organizing the orderly deportation to the death camps, for detailing the number and occupations of the Jews in the ghettos, for distributing food and medical supplies, and for communicating the orders of the ghetto Nazi masters.
	killeenroos.com /5/JEWS.htm (13011 words)

	Chapter 7: The Religious Background of Rabin's Assassination by Israel Shahak and Norton Mezvinsky
		Jewish autonomy before the rise of the modern nation state allowed rabbis to engage in a wide spectrum of persecution, of which violence against women was but one category.
		The [Jewish] heretics are those [Jews] who commit sins on purpose; even one who eats meat not ritually slaughtered or who dresses in a sha'atnez clothes (made of linen and wool woven together) on purpose is called a heretic [as are] those [Jews] who deny the Torah and prophecy.
		Jewish communities that were suddenly deprived of their power to persecute heretics found it difficult to accustom themselves to a new situation.
	members.tripod.com /alabasters_archive/rabin_assassination.html (17006 words)

	The Head Heeb: Jewish History Archives
		Another Jewish lawyer whose name appears in the Old Bailey records is Saul Yates, who came from a prominent Jewish family in Liverpool and may already been in practice in the 1820s.
		Jewish criminals also preyed on their own in eighteenth-century London, particularly in the heavily Jewish district of Aldgate, but the crowding of London was such that the crime spilled out into the wider city.
		Jewish lawyers do not feature in the Old Bailey trials; British Jews of the time faced few restrictions compared to their counterparts in many other countries, but the legal profession was still closed to them.
	headheeb.blogmosis.com /archives/cat_jewish_history.html (13427 words)

	Jewish Holiday Calendar
		Jewish Holiday Calendar Fact #10: As mentioned, the term "Regalim" primarily means "foot" or "leg", as in a journey on foot or a pilgrimmage, but also can mean "times", as in the times when a festival takes place.
		In the first Jewish rebellion against the Romans in 66 C.E., it was decided to begin the rebellion on the 18th of the Hebrew month of Iyar or Iyyar, which today is the 33rd day of the Omer.
		Eligible young Jewish men would then come to the fields and vineyards where the young women were dancing, circle the women, and then select their wives from among these girls as they were dancing.
	www.angelfire.com /pa2/passover/jewish-holiday-calendar.html (14873 words)

	UJC - Klezmer makes a comeback — but where'd it come from anyway? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		But there is a Jewish accent and character, which comes from the cantorial music of the synagogue, that defines the style.
		Though The Klezmatics were already billing themselves as "the planet's radical Jewish roots band" in the late '80s, the Radical Jewish Culture movement is strongly associated with the incredibly prolific composer, musician, and label-owner John Zorn.
		Radical Jewish Culture was the title of a Zorn-curated art festival held in Germany in 1992.
	www.ujc.org /content_display.html?ArticleID=1655 (1358 words)

	PhpWiki - Basis Of Zionism
		At the core of the modern Zionist movement was the memory of the "great Jewish rebellion against the Romans" and the people who led this rebellion, who are commonly known as "Zealots".
		Belief in the coming of the Messiah was treated by Maimonides as one of the articles of faith of the Jewish religion, denial of which was considered an act of heresy punishable by death.
		Even earlier, Jewish Messianic movements in the Arab world, centered in the large Jewish community of Iraq, had launched a number of unsuccessful attempts to return en masse to the land of Israel.
	www.pnews.org /PhpWiki/index.php/BasisOfZionism (3679 words)

	The History Guy: The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
		For religious Jewish Israelis and religious Palestinian Muslims, the belief is deeper still, for both sides believe that God (called Jehovah by the Jews and Allah by the Muslims), gave them the land, and that to give it away or to give it up to another people is an insult to God and a sin.
		This is where the real trouble began between the Jews, who began calling themselves "Israelis" after their old name for their ancient homeland of Israel, and the Arab population of the area who came to be known as "Palestinians," after the old Roman and Greek name for the area.
		In the two thousand years after most of the Jewish population was killed off by the Romans or forced to leave, Arabic-speaking Muslims became the dominant ethnic group.
	www.historyguy.com /israeli-palestinian_conflict.html (1110 words)

	First Jewish-Roman War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It began in the year 66, sparked by persecution of the Jews; it ended when legions under Titus besieged and destroyed Jerusalem, looted and burned Herod's Temple (in the year 70) and Jewish strongholds (notably Gamla in 67 and Masada in 74), and enslaved or massacred a large part of the Jewish population.
		The defeat of the Jewish revolts against the Roman Empire notably contributed to the numbers and geography of the Jewish Diaspora, as many Jews were scattered after losing their state or were sold into slavery throughout the empire.
		In the year 6 CE, Judaea, which had been a client kingdom of Rome (i.e., it had its own ruler), became a Roman province ruled by a Roman procurators, who was responsible for maintaining peace and collecting taxes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jewish_rebellion (1305 words)

	The Maccabeees' Menorah and Titus' Menorah
		As some scholars have observed, this mixture of a positive disposition towards things Roman, mitigated by a Jewish antipathy towards pagan images, fits the personality of King Herod, the despotic monarch whose prolonged and unpopular rule over Judea was made possible by his slavish obedience to his Roman masters.
		This fact might account for the absence of the Menorah from the coinage of the Jewish rebellions in 69-70 and 135, which made much use of other symbols from the Temple worship.
		When the Menorah did regain popularity as a decorative theme in Jewish art from the third century onwards, it was the original three legged lamp that was chosen by the Jewish craftsmen as a symbol of religious pride and messianic hope.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~elsegal/Shokel/951215_Menorah.html (1011 words)

	Barbara Tuchman's Comments on Israel - Moshe Yegar
		The American Jewish historian Barbara Tuchman was born in New York City on 30 January 1912 and died in Connecticut on 6 February 1989.
		She mentions three Jewish rebellions against foreign rule: the Maccabees against Antiochus, the Zealots against the Romans, and Simon Bar Kokhba against Hadrian.
		Regarding the IDF soldiers, it struck her that "Jewish sorrow has gone out of their eyes." In general, she emphasized the Jews' efforts to renew the Land of Israel in contrast to the neglect by the Arabs and the Turks.
	www.jcpa.org /jpsr/jpsr-yegar-f05.htm (2907 words)

	Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: What should be commonly known but isn't
		By confiscating the land and property belonging to the killed and displaced Palestinians, Zionism achieved its dream of a truly Jewish state instead of the UN approved state where almost half the population was non-Jewish and almost all of the land belonged to non-Jews.
		Whereas Zionism and the land policies of the Jewish National Fund gave Palestinians legitimate reasons to fear massive Jewish immigration, the rest of the world’s nations had no such reasons, other than anti-Semitism, and yet their immigration and refugee policies were far more restrictive than those of tiny Palestine.
		In 1917, the Jewish population of Palestine was 9%.
	www.geocities.com /truejusticeandlastingpeace (3969 words)

	Iudaea Province - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Iudaea was the stage of three major rebellions against the Romans.
		Following the suppression of Bar Kokhba's revolt, the emperor Hadrian changed the name of the province to Syria Palaestina and Jerusalem became Aelia Capitolina in order to humiliate the Jewish population by attempting to erase their historical ties to the region.
		Jewish Encyclopedia: Image of Brass Coin of Vespasian, with Inscription "Iudaea Capta." Struck in 72 C.E. Jewish Encyclopedia: Procurators
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iudaea_Province (983 words)

	My Weekly Column
		Of course, important as it is, there was a great separation at the cross as believers and non-believers parted company and eventually went their own way.
		It was in 130 AD when the final large Jewish revolt began--this time led by a man who was a false messiah named Bar-Kokhba.
		Once the revolt was over, Dio the historian, reports that 985 of the most important Jewish settlements were destroyed and 580,000 people died.
	www.biblehistory.com /118.htm (828 words)

	PALESTINE - Personal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The new state of Israel is partly the result of both efforts that stemmed from the formation of Zionism as a major political movement in the late 19th century and worldwide horror at the murders of 6 million Jews during World War II.
		His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine.
		Jewish immigration increased sharply in the mid-1930s, leading to an Arab rebellion directed against the British that lasted from 1936 to 1939.
	maxpages.com /rudy/Palestine - !http://maxpages.com/rudy/Palestine (1253 words)

	Jesus.com.au - Jesus in History
		In the Jewish context, we face the problem that by 140 CE -- within in a hundred years -- Jews and Christians had become two separate groups, and relations had completely broken down.
		Two Jewish rebellions against Rome had made life difficult for Christians culturally caught between the two societies; suddenly they needed to explain their separate identity.
		Regarding Jesus' Resurrection, there is important background information in the Jewish Mishnah referring to then-current burial practices for criminals, and what the Jewish concept of the (general) resurrection of the dead entailed.
	jesus.com.au /html/page/history (1607 words)

	Sermon: “Fumble-rewski”
		In the year 70, as a result of Jewish rebellions, Roman armies had ravaged the countryside and destroyed the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem.
		However, it became increasingly apparent to the rabbis that the firmly held beliefs of the Jewish Christians were different in important ways from the kind of Judaism that the rabbis were attempting to establish.
		During the decade of the 70s, in the years just before Matthew was written, many local rabbis began to prohibit Jewish Christians from participating in the life of the synagogue.
	mysite.verizon.net /cenpres1/Sermon_103005.htm (1840 words)

	End of the Age (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This came from some ideas I had after reading a book on early Christian thinkers and their interactions with Jewish thinkers of the time.
		The period was an interesting time in Israel, with Jewish zealots fighting the Romans (although usually unsuccessfully).
		I think the key to this sort of project is immersing myself in research first, and drawing second.
	www.too-fat.com /end (102 words)

	CNN - Israel at 50
		The land is the ancient ancestral home of the Jewish people, as recounted in the most sacred Jewish text, the Torah, or the Five Books of Moses.
		The Torah teaches that the land was given by God to the Jews' patriarch, Abraham, and his descendants as a birthright for his faithfulness.
		It was during the Roman occupation of Palestine that Jesus was born to Jewish parents in Bethlehem and raised in Nazareth.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/1998/israel/holy.land (1016 words)

	Ancient Judaean Coins
		After 60 years of rule by Roman procurators, the Jews rebelled against the might of Rome, and (amazingly) inflicted a number of defeats on Romans.
		However, as soon as the Civil Wars in Rome ended, the Jewish revolt was quelled.
		The Second Temple was burned down, the siege of Massada ended in a bloody mass suicide as the Jews were scattered.
	www.ancientcoins.ca /jewish3.html (1637 words)

	Summary and Evaluation of Roman Empire 30 BC to 610 by Sanderson Beck
		He was succeeded by his son Archelaus, who ruled for ten years during which the Roman army had to suppress Jewish rebellions.
		This Essene community was destroyed by the Romans during the Jewish revolt in 68 CE.
		The Jewish war against Rome began the next year in Jerusalem with a civil war as the Zealots took over the city.
	www.san.beck.org /5-9-Summary.html (9242 words)

	Roman Project Map 11: 122 AD
		The famous wall which bares Hadrian's name would prove to be the division between Rome and the barbarians for years to come.
		Hadrian was also responsible for the subduing of Jewish rebellions in Jerusalem, provoked by his replacing the site of an ancient temple with a shrine to Jupiter.
		Rather than military conquest, Hadrian spent most of his time touring the outskirts of the empire and ensuring the discipline, safety, and satisfaction of both the soldiers and people of the empire.
	www.travelin-tigers.com /zhs/hsrom11.htm (246 words)

	HOW DID SUNDAY BECOME THE DAY OF WORSHIP?
		The pagan Romans hated the Jews because of Jewish Rebellions throughout the empire.
		Christianity originated in the land of the Jews, its Holy writings were Jewish.
		Now, remember, there was a decided shift from being identified with anything "Jewish." The Roman Church began to show their prejudice by making Saturday a day of mourning and fasting, while exalting Sunday as a time for feasting and joy.
	www.wwco.com /religion/believe/believe_49.html (840 words)

	The Jesus Dynasty - by Dr. James D. Tabor
		The two messiahs lived in a time of turmoil as the historical land of Israel was dominated by the powerful Roman empire.
		John and Jesus preached adherence to the Torah, or the Jewish Law.
		After a period of uncertainty, Jesus began preaching anew in Galilee and challenged the Roman authorities and their Jewish collaborators in Jerusalem.
	www.jesusdynasty.com (699 words)

	Sermon: “Whose Image
		The Pharisees and the Jewish supporters of King Herod asked Jesus whether Jews should pay the census tax.
		During the early years of the church, in the 60s and 70s, it was opposition to this Roman tax that sparked widespread Jewish rebellions against Rome.
		This morning’s story of Jesus and his opponents is often interpreted as having something to do with the separation of church and state.
	mysite.verizon.net /cenpres1/Sermon_101605.htm (1839 words)

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