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Topic: Jewish State

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	Jew - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The waves of immigration to the United States at the turn of the 19th century, massacre of European Jewry during the Holocaust, and the foundation of the state of Israel (and subsequent Jewish exodus from Arab lands) all resulted in substantial shifts in the population centers of world Jewry during the 20th century.
		The advent of the Jewish Enlightenment (see Haskalah) of the 1700s and the subsequent emancipation of the Jewish populations of Europe and America in the 1800s, changed the situation, allowing Jews to increasingly participate in, and become part of, secular society.
		The patriarch Abraham was a migrant to the land of Canaan from Ur of the Chaldees.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jew (4954 words)

	Rights of the Jewish People to a Sovereign State in their Historic Homeland - Dore Gold and Jeff Helmreich
		During the years that the Jewish presence in Eretz Israel was restored, a huge Arab population influx transpired as Arab immigrants sought to take advantage of higher wages and economic opportunities that resulted from Jewish settlement in the land.
		From the end of the Jewish state in antiquity to the beginning of British rule, the area now designated by the name Palestine was not a country and had no frontiers, only administrative boundaries; it was a group of provincial subdivisions, by no means always the same, within a larger entity.
		Just as the Jewish people of the diaspora once contributed to the growth of modern civilization in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, it will be Jewish civilization in Israel that will be the key source of the Jewish contribution to world society in the twenty-first century.
	www.jcpa.org /jl/vp507.htm (5496 words)

	The Conversion Crisis: The Creation of Israel
		With the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, the Jewish dimension of the Jewish State became a pressing, practical matter.
		The department for Jewish affairs, which was the largest, was charged with building synagogues and yeshivas, providing religious services for new immigrants, the religious courts and supervising dietary laws.
		Identity cards for citizens of the State of Israel were issued by the Ministry of the Interior, with two categories: "religion" and "nationality." Again, Jewish citizens of Israel were expected to attest to their Jewishness, and list "Jew" as both their religion and nationality.
	www.adl.org /Israel/Conversion/creation.asp (612 words)

	Should There Be A Jewish State?
		The idea of a Jewish state (whose Jewish proponents call themselves "Zionists") is sacrosanct in the mainstream U.S. media, which does not give voice to the troublesome questions raised by the issue, in particular that many Jews have historically opposed the idea of a Jewish state.
		Jewish opponents of a Jewish state believed in democracy with equal rights for Jews and non-Jews, and thought a purely Jewish sovereignty would be disastrous for ordinary Jews.
		From its modern origin in Herzl's book, the concept of a Jewish state rests on a rejection of the democratic principle that states derive their right to rule from the assent of the people who live in them.[6] Herzl had to reject this democratic principle because Jews were not a majority in Palestine.
	www.newdemocracyworld.org /state.htm (2991 words)

	The Conversion Crisis: Introduction
		But as a self-declared Jewish State, Israel has struggled with the question of what role the Jewish religion would play in the governing of the secular state, how that Judaism would be expressed, and even how Judaism would be defined.
		In Israel, it is the secular state which determines crucial decisions on religious law through the secular parliament (Knesset) or in the secular courts.
		In recent years, the most contentious debates have been how the Jewish state defines a "Jew" for purposes of immigration, citizenship and identification, how a Jewish citizen may marry, divorce and be buried in a manner sanctioned by the state, and how the state recognizes those who have become Jewish through conversion.
	www.adl.org /Israel/Conversion/intro.asp (488 words)

	Ahad Ha'am "Jewish State and Jewish Problem," 1897
		But if in 1891 Palestine had been a Jewish State, and all the dozens of Colonies that were then going to be established for the cultivation of the vine had in fact been established, Palestinian wine would be to-day as common as water, and would fetch no price at all.
		But if the Jewish State sets out to save all those Jews who are in the grip of the material problems, or most of them, by turning them into agriculturists in Palestine, then it must first find the necessary capital.
		There is no doubt, then, that even when the Jewish State is established the Jews will be able to settle in it only little by little, the determining factors being the resources of the people themselves and the degree of economic development reached by the country.
	www.geocities.com /Vienna/6640/zion/jewishproblem.html (2848 words)

	Jewish Criticism of Zionism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		One of the most critical moments in ancient Jewish history was when Jochanan ben Zakkai, the leading representative of Judaism in his day and the disciple of Hillel, "abandoned the cause of the Jewish state." At the time, the city of Jerusalem was besieged by the Romans and heroically defended by the zealots.
		The State of Israel is a secular state: its law, its legislative assembly (the Knesset), and the majority of its population are non-religious.
		The big crisis of the Jewish people is that the overwhelming majority of the Jews genuinely desire to be Jewish -- but they have no content for their Judaism other than a piece of colored rag attached to the end of a pole and a military uniform.
	www.mepc.org /public_asp/journal/9012_corrigan.asp (11194 words)

	The New York Review of Books: An Exchange on the Jewish State
		Rather, "The State of Israel was established and recognised as the State of the Jews…this is the sovereign State of the Jewish people" (Eichmann Trial Judgment); and as the Courts have held in other cases that I cite, there is no Israeli nation apart from the Jewish people, in Israel and the Diaspora.
		The Palestinian state is likely to be a kind of Bantustan, a reservoir of cheap labor, thus overcoming the fears of Israeli liberals that annexation would erode the Jewish character of the state, while perpetuating conditions of economic dependence.
		An approximately equal number of Jewish refugees reached Israel after having been expelled from the Arab countries in the wake of the 1948 war, and hundreds of thousands of Arab refugees fled, or were driven from their homes in the new state of Israel.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/9122 (4880 words)

	'Jewish State' Has Become an Anachronism
		But the founders of the Jewish state had been influenced by the same concepts and categories as their fin de siecle contemporaries back in Warsaw, Odessa and Bucharest.
		The very idea of a "Jewish state" — a state in which Jews and the Jewish religion have exclusive privileges from which non-Jewish citizens are forever excluded — is rooted in another time and place.
		Israel itself is a multicultural society in all but name; yet it remains distinctive among democratic states in its resort to ethno-religious criteria with which to denominate and rank its citizens.
	www.commondreams.org /views03/1010-04.htm (1236 words)

	The Vilna Gaon Jewish State Museum
		Surviving designs of Jewish houses of prayer, drawn in the historicism period (the second half of the 19th - early 20th cc.) are quite numerous.
		The stone Jewish temples from the historicism period have survived in many cities and towns of Lithuania, however, almost all of them have been altered to a greater or lesser extent.
		The exposition demonstrates some Jewish folk art - some original dolls which were used for "Purim shpiel" - games of the joyous spring festival of goodness triumphing over evil, of the deliverance of the Persian Jews.
	muziejai.mch.mii.lt /Vilnius/zydu_muziejus.en.htm (1688 words)

	The Avalon Project : Declaration of Israel's Independence 1948
		The Nazi holocaust, which engulfed millions of Jews in Europe, proved anew the urgency of the re-establishment of the Jewish state, which would solve the problem of Jewish homelessness by opening the gates to all Jews and lifting the Jewish people to equality in in the family of nations.
		On November 29, 1947, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted a Resolution for the establishment of an independent Jewish State in Palestine, and called upon the inhabitants of the country to take such steps as may be necessary on their part to put the plan into effect.
		THE STATE OF ISRAEL will be ready to cooperate with the organs and representatives of the United Nations in the implementation of the Resolution of the Assembly of November 29, 1947, and will take steps to bring about the Economic Union over the whole of Palestine.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/mideast/israel.htm (724 words)

	Jewish Leaders Worried About 'One-State' Solution
		Observers said the one-state movement will throw new, uncomfortable international attention on Jewish settlements, which in much of the world are regarded as proof that Israel isn't serious about allowing a Palestinian state.
		But Jewish leaders fear it's a gambit likely to garner huge support in a world in which sympathy for Israel is in scarce supply.
		And the one-state idea is starting to exert its pull on American college campuses, where support for the Palestinians is strong and Jewish students are on the defensive.
	www.rense.com /general44/onest.htm (1448 words)

	Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel
		In the Second World War, the Jewish community of this country contributed its full share to the struggle of the freedom- and peace-loving nations against the forces of Nazi wickedness and, by the blood of its soldiers and its war effort, gained the right to be reckoned among the peoples who founded the United Nations.
		On the 29th November, 1947, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution calling for the establishment of a Jewish State in Eretz-Israel; the General Assembly required the inhabitants of Eretz-Israel to take such steps as were necessary on their part for the implementation of that resolution.
		THE STATE OF ISRAEL is prepared to cooperate with the agencies and representatives of the United Nations in implementing the resolution of the General Assembly of the 29th November, 1947, and will take steps to bring about the economic union of the whole of Eretz-Israel.
	www.trumanlibrary.org /israel/declare.htm (713 words)

	The New York Review of Books: Israel: The Alternative
		A flurry of new states emerged; and the first thing they did was set about privileging their national, "ethnic" majority—defined by language, or religion, or antiquity, or all three—at the expense of inconvenient local minorities, who were consigned to second-class status: permanently resident strangers in their own home.
		It can dismantle the Jewish settlements in the territories, return to the 1967 state borders within which Jews constitute a clear majority, and thus remain both a Jewish state and a democracy, albeit one with a constitutionally anomalous community of second-class Arab citizens.
		A former head of the Jewish Agency, the writer was speaker of the Knesset, Israel's Parliament, between 1999 and 2003 and is currently a Labor Party member of the Knesset.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/16671 (2951 words)

	A. Israel as a Jewish and Democratic state, based on Zionist Principles
		The Zionist Congress blesses the Jewish Agency and the Zionist Council in Israel for their involvement in projects of cooperation which increase understanding with the Druze Community, and it calls for a deepening of the relationship with this group as a reliable partner in the Zionist Enterprise and in the State of Israel.
		At a time when the residents of the State of Israel are subject to terrorist attacks, Jews worldwide are exposed to a new wave of Anti-Semitism and Israeli flags are burnt in demonstrations, the 34th Zionist Congress calls for national Zionist education in the land of Israel, as well as in the Diaspora.
		Since the establishment of the State of Israel according to the principle of a democratic Jewish state, according to the Declaration of Independence, and according to Dr. Theodor Herzl's dream, the State of Israel has drawn its ideological inspiration from the principles of Zionism.
	www.wzo.org.il /en/resources/view.asp?id=1149 (996 words)

	Twisting the Cause of International Human Rights Against the Jewish People - Irwin Cotler
		A conference to commemorate the dismantling of South Africa as an apartheid state called for the dismantling of Israel as an apartheid state.
		The fourth regional conference, held in Teheran, Iran, in February 2001, began with the exclusion of Israel and Jewish non-governmental organizations from participation in its deliberations, a denial of international due process.
		Since resistance against apartheid states is justifiable, this gave validation to terrorist acts against Israel, despite the fact that such acts were proscribed by Resolution 1373, the anti-terrorism resolution adopted in the wake of the September 11 attack.
	www.jcpa.org /brief/brief2-5.htm (2224 words)

	Books in Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		From that time on, Jewish opposition to Zionism was confined to a fringe of religious fanatics on the right and assimilationists on the left.
		That is because, as Hazony with rare objectivity admits, these highly educated and philosophically astute thinkers offered a vision of the State of Israel that appealed to a significant number of intelligent young Israelis who had grown tired of the seemingly mindless romanticism of their pioneering Zionist parents.
		Barak regards the Jewish tradition, even the Jewish legal tradition (the most developed part of the Jewish tradition), as being little more than a cultural relic, one that is useful only when it affirms “the views of the enlightened community in Israel.
	www.firstthings.com /ftissues/ft0102/reviews/novak.html (1986 words)

	FORWARD : Arts & Letters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He began by asserting that Jewish emancipation is irreversible because of the severe weakening of thesemiautonomous communal structure called the kahal that until two centuries ago dominated Jewish communal affairs in Europe.
		Today, Jewish communities in the Diaspora are either built around loose associations of like-minded individuals, as they are in the United States, or remnants of the kahal system, as in many European countries.
		According to the strong sense of the adjective, state power would be used to reverse the Haskalah (enlightenment) and reduce the number of ways of being Jewish.
	www.forward.com /issues/2003/03.05.16/arts4.html (776 words)

	A Jewish Demographic State (by Uri Avnery) - Media Monitors Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Some suggest preventing Jewish immigrants from Russia from bringing with them Christian family members (allowed by the Law of Return in its present form.) Some demand the immediate expulsion of all foreign workers, before they settle down and establish families.
		In Europe, where classical nationalism was born, it is giving way to the modern American outlook, which considers that every holder of a US passport belongs to the American nation, irrespective of race and ethnic origin.
		Israel is faced with a historical choice: to go back to being a Jewish ghetto, with demographic anxieties and state trappings, or to go forwards towards a new national outlook, on the American-European model.
	www.mediamonitors.net /uri91.html (1019 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: Herzl: On the Jewish State, 1896
		The idea which I have developed in this pamphlet is a very old one: it is the restoration of the Jewish State.
		The Jewish Company will be the liquidating agent of the business interests of departing Jews, and will organize commerce and trade in the new country.
		We must not imagine the departure of the Jews to be a sudden one.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1896herzl.html (993 words)

	The Peace Encyclopedia: Israel, Israelis
		Israel is the very embodiment of Jewish continuity: It is the only nation on earth that inhabits the same land, bears the same name, speaks the same language, and worships the same God that it did 3,000 years ago.
		"Israel is the expression of the Jewish resolve to live by what is good and just for the Jewish people and not by what finds favor in the eyes of others".
		Or, to put the thesis in the negative, that the end of Israel means the end of the Jewish people.
	www.yahoodi.com /peace/israel.html (1244 words)

	The Jewish Mandate (Boris Shusteff) June, 2000
		It was obvious that Britain had failed miserably at the task of reestablishing the Jewish State in Eretz Yisrael.
		It is this rejection by Israel of her Jewish essence, of the Jewish values and Judaism that makes her ineligible to hold the Mandate to Palestine any longer.
		Israeli leaders can say whatever they want about their Jewish roots and their attachment to the Jewish people: their actions, however, prove the opposite - they do not put the Jewishness of the state at the core of their decisions.
	www.freeman.org /m_online/jun00/shusteff1.htm (1309 words)

	View Point
		In place of a Jewish state, he argued, should emerge a binational state with equal rights for all Jews and Arabs currently living in Israel and the Palestinian territories.
		Like many other Jewish parents living in postwar Europe, Judt's mother and father were secular, but they sent him to Hebrew school and steeped him in the Yiddish culture of his grandparents, which the scholar says he still thinks of wistfully.
		Judt told the Forward that while he understood the controversial nature of his call for a binational state, he was taken aback by the refusal of most of his critics, especially the American ones, to even consider the idea.
	www.quotes2u.com /archives/01012004.htm (1263 words)

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