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Topic: Jewish sects

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	Jewish denominations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, a wide array of Jewish communities have developed independently, distinguishable by their varying practices in matters that are not considered central ideas within Judaism, such as Maimonides's list of the Jewish principles of faith.
		Religiously speaking, most Jewish communities have historically held that there is no relevant role for "dogma"; rather, there is halakha (Jewish law) only.
		In response to the challenges of integrating Jewish life with Enlightenment values, German Jews in the early 1800s began to develop the concept of Reform Judaism, adapting Jewish practice to the new conditions of an increasingly urbanized and secular community.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jewish_denominations (1645 words)

	Jewish Renewal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In seeking to augment Jewish ritual, Renewal Jews borrow freely and openly from Buddhism, Sufism, Native American religion, and other faiths; this is termed syncretism.
		Jewish Renewal, in its most general sense, has its origins in the North American Jewish counter-cultural trends of the late 1960s and early 1970s.
		Critics of Jewish Renewal claim that the movement emphasizes individual spiritual experience and subjective opinion over communal norms and Jewish textual literacy; the above-mentioned formalization of the ALEPH rabbinic program may be a response to such criticism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jewish_Renewal (1381 words)

	Messianic Judaism/Jewish Christianity
		Traditional Jewish practices observed by Messianic Jews/Jewish Christians are the Friday evening, lighting Shabbat candles, kiddush and wearing kippot during their service.
		In spite of St Paul's teaching that observance of the Jewish law was not required for Gentile converts to Christianity, some Jewish Christians continued to insist on the observance aspects of the Jewish law such as abstaining from the consumption of pork and taking ritual baths.
		Jewish believers are now divided into two broad groups: Hebrew Christians, who identify themselves as religiously Christian but ethnically Jewish, and Messianic Jews, who affirm themselves to be solely Jewish, albeit representing a special type of Judaism.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/judaism/messiah.html (591 words)

	Family Planning in the Jewish Religion
		In the Jewish religion, sex is viewed as both a means of procreation and as a way of expressing love and solidifying the ties between married partners.
		However, Jewish laws say that sex should be avoided from the start of a woman’s menstrual cycle (the first day she bleeds) through to the seventh day after her bleeding has stopped, at which time she must purify herself through a ritual bath, known as a mikvah.
		Jewish law permits the use of birth control in young women and those women who are nursing as well as those couples who already have at least one boy and one girl.
	www.epigee.org /guide/Judaism.html (735 words)

	Classic Authors on the Jewish Sects - Christianity Revealed - AskWhy! Publications
		Educated Jews associated with one or other of these sects just as today people usually identify themselves with a political party, for in many ways that is what they were, and a proper understanding of Jesus and the gospel stories requires an awareness of the Jewish sects and Jesus's relationship to them.
		The sect of the Essens, and the sect of the Sadducees, and the third sort of opinions was that of those called Pharisees.
		After all, the Jewish religion that survived the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple in 70 AD was the religion of the Pharisees.
	essenes.net /m15.htm (5254 words)

	Judaism - Free Encyclopedia of Thelema
		Contrary to popular belief, Jewish people do not simply say that "God chose the Jews." Jews believe that they were chosen for a specific mission; to be a light unto the nations, and to have a covenant with God as described in the Torah.
		According to Jewish law, someone is considered to be a Jew if he or she was born of a Jewish mother or converted in accord with Jewish Law.
		Religious (and secular) Jewish movements in the USA and Canada perceive this as a crisis situation, and have grave concern over rising rates of intermarriage and assimilation in the Jewish community.
	www.egnu.org /thelema/index.php/Judaism (6047 words)

	Jewish Sects of Antiquity
		Add in all the gnostic sects floating around, and early Christianity was pretty dynamic and constantly evolving), and certainly wasn't with Judaism.
		This can be seen in the writings of the Dead Sea Scroll sect, Christianity, and in other apocalyptic writings such as Baruch and 2 Ezra.
		After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, the Pharisees gained control over the Jewish people and Rabbinic Judaism was born.
	www.deliriumsrealm.com /delirium/articleview.asp?Post=287 (494 words)

	Major Jewish Groups in the New Testament - FARMS Papers
		The sects that developed were usually not just political or just religious or just social in nature, but often encompassed aspects of a variety of philosophies.
		Jewish Scribes were well-versed in the laws of Moses, making them the spiritual and temporal legal counselors of the period.
		Their strength was in their control of the temple, and when it was destroyed in 70 A.D., they ceased to exist as a viable political or religious force among the Jews.
	farms.byu.edu /display.php?table=transcripts&id=104 (1943 words)

	Commentary Magazine - The Study of Man: The Cave Scrolls and the Jewish Sects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Ginsberg, H. IN THE summer of 1947, some Bedouins of the Wilderness of Judah (the arid eastern slope of the hill country of Judah that descends to the Dead Sea) chanced upon a grotto near a ruin by the...
		...The Karaites were interested in earlier sects and schools because the very existence of these casts doubt upon the claim of the Orthodox Jews (whom the Karaites call Rabbanites) to possess an authentic body of oral tradition going back to Moses and therefore as old as the Written Law itself...
		...actually speak of an ancient sect which in the writers' own time was referred to as the "Cave Folk," and state that the reason for this designation is that "their writings were discovered in a cave...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V16I1P83-1.htm (3139 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Judaism
		With regard to creed, worship, and morality, the Jews felt themselves far superior to their pagan fellow-citizens, and the works of their leading writers of the time were in the main those of apologists bent on convincing pagans of this superiority and on attracting them to the service of the sole living God.
		All the parties and sects of a former generation vanished; Pharisees and Sadducees ceased to quarrel with each other; the Temple was supplanted by the synagogue, sacrifices by the prayer, the priest by any one who was able to read, teach, and interpret both the written and the oral law.
		Church legislation against Jewish holding of Christian slaves can be easily understood: as members of Christ, the children of the Church should evidently not be subjected to the power of His enemies, and thereby incur a special danger for their faith; but more particularly, as stated by a recent Jewish writer:
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08399a.htm (4694 words)

	Jewish Practices - ReligionFacts
		Jewish rituals and religious observances are grounded in Jewish law (halakhah, lit.
		The Jewish house of worship is a synagogue.
		The laws of kashrut (Jewish dietary laws) may be puzzling or meaningless to the outsider, but they have held great meaning for the Jewish people throughout their history.
	www.religionfacts.com /judaism/practices.htm (409 words)

	The Rise of Christianity
		There were 24 Jewish sects within Judaism in the first century, most of which are not mentioned in the Bible; only the Sadducees (Matthew 22:23; Acts 23:6), the Pharisees (Matthew 19:3; 23:23ff; Luke 11:39), the Herodians (Mark 12:13) and the Zealots (Luke 6:15; Acts 1:13) appear in Scripture.
		Jewish nationalism, though, was never far from the Jewish mind (John 6:15; Acts 1:6) and ultimately led to two terrible wars with Rome (A.D. 132), in which both times Rome crushed Jewish rebellion.
		Jewish leaders disallowed Christianity to be the 25th sect of Judaism.
	www.gospelgazette.com /gazette/2002/nov/page2.htm (1091 words)

	Jewish Denominations - ReligionFacts
		The historical Jewish movements (Pharisses, Sadduccees, and Essenes) were responses to the Roman rule of Israel, while the major modern movements (Reform, Orthodox, and Conservative) are responses to the modern, secular culture of Europe and America.
		Thus, while Christian denominations differ chiefly in matters of doctrine, Jewish denominations differ from one another primarily with regard to practice.
		Jewish sects, Jewish denominations, Jewish movements, sects of Judaism
	www.religionfacts.com /judaism/denominations.htm (581 words)

	Do modern day Jews believe in reincarnation of the spirit? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Reincarnation has never been a doctrine of mainline Judaism and does not seem to be typical of most modern Jewish thought, although the idea has cropped up from time to time among certain Jewish sects.
		The Zohar (book of Jewish mysticism) is said to refer to it several times, both in the sense of the soul of a person entering another person, and even into the body of an animal or insect as a sort of purgatory.
		The Karaites were apparently the first Jewish sect to adopt the notion of reincarnation in the eighth century, apparently at least in part in an attempt to account for the suffering of innocent children.
	www.amfi.org /mailbag/reincarnation.htm (181 words)

	AskWhy! on Classic Authors on the Jewish Sects - Christianity Revealed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Encouraged by the occupying forces Jews had split into several sects each believing its approach was the right one—the four philosophies of the Jews described by Josephus.
		Aramaic remained a dominant language for Jewish worship, scholarship, and everyday life for centuries in both the land of Israel and in the diaspora, especially in Babylon.
		The priesthood supposedly comprised a caste notionally descended from Aaron, Moses’s brother, according to the Jewish legends that the Persian functionaries accompanying the “returning” Babylonian exiles had rewritten.
	www.askwhy.co.uk /christianity/0110JewSects.html (5146 words)

	The Synagogue; and Jewish Sects
		The word SADDUCEE is the Greek form of the Hebrew zaddukim, which is derived from one Zadok, said to be the founder of the sect, who was a disciple of ANTIGONUS of SOCOH (200-170 B.C.).
		They were the aristocratic and conservative party politically; and, doctrinally (generally speaking) they negatived the teaching of the Pharisees, even denying the doctrine of the resurrection.
		Neither of these sects had any existence, as such, till the return from Babylon.
	hammer.prohosting.com /~eyes2see/120.html (433 words)

	MyJewishLearning.com - History & Community: The Karaites: A Medieval Jewish Sect
		Although no direct affiliation to any particular sect in ancient times has been proven, they could have borrowed some of their customs and forms of organization from certain Jewish sects in Persia.
		His immediate followers were a small group of intellectuals who formulated the sect's tenets and preached them in Jewish centers throughout the caliphate, including Palestine.
		And their religious attack was accompanied by bitter social criticism of the Jewish leadership, the exilarchs, the geonim (heads of the academies), and the dignitaries which surrounded them.
	www.myjewishlearning.com /history_community/Medieval/MedThoughtTO/TheKaraites.htm (750 words)

	Jesus the Jew (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Composed of the upper stratum of Jewish society—influential landed gentry and hereditary priests who controlled the temple in Jerusalem—the Sadducees insisted on a strict interpretation of Mosaic Law and the perpetuation of temple ceremonies.
		It was inevitable that Jewish scribes and priests, guardians of the faith, would regard Jesus as a threat to ancient traditions.
		To Jewish leaders, Jesus was a troublemaker, a subversive who was undermining respect for the Sabbath and religious rites, an arrogant man who claimed that he above all other men was favored by God, another in a long line of messiahs who had been condemned and executed.
	www.sullivan-county.com /news/mine/jesus.htm (1728 words)

	from jesus to christ: a portrait of jesus' world: judaism's first century diversity
		Nonetheless, it's clear among all the numerous groups within the Jewish community of the 1st century, that all of them, to justify themselves, have to some degree or other deal with the temple.
		In Christianity, of course, the second century of the common era is a time of sects and heresies and divisions and splits and schools of all sorts as Christians try to figure out exactly what Christianity is and exactly what Christianity isn't.
		Because it is the second century of our era that marks the emergence for the first time into the light of history of a new group and a new culture and a new literature and a new way of thinking and writing.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/portrait/judaism.html (1969 words)

	Is JUDAISM the Religion of Moses?
		This condition of religious discord among the various sects, with the independent and differing views of many even within the sects, undoubtedly was a prime factor in causing the Common People of the land to dissuade themselves from joining the sects of Judaism.
		The overwhelming majority of the Jews did not directly belong to the religious sects, and the sects, themselves, were in a state of confusion as to religious belief.
		Herford, the Jewish scholar, continues, "The Persian rulers, living far from Judea, seldom interfered with the internal affairs of their Jewish subjects, and were content to leave their public business in the hands of the governor of the province.
	hope-of-israel.org /judaism.htm (20711 words)

	Jewish Christians
		This second and third type tended to be non-jewish, or Pharisee Jewish, and were eventually unconnected with the original followers of the Messiah.
		It is important to understand that the Nazarean's "jewishness" is not the jewishness which modern people associate with Judaism.
		Modern Rabbinic Judaism is an evolvement of the Pharisee sect of ancient Judea.
	www.essene.com /History&Essenes/jew.htm (1119 words)

	Flavius Josephus
		It is no coincidence that the Jewish War ends with a speech of the leader of the rebels at Masada, the Sicarian Eleaser, who more or less admits that all violence was a result of nationalistic agitation and also admits that God is angry.
		The Jewish aristocrats -to which Flavius Josephus belonged- are of course not to blame for the war.
		For example, the account in the Jewish War 1.358-2.117 of king Herod's rule is not simply revised in the books fifteen, sixteen and seventeen of the Jewish Antiquities; instead, Josephus has again retold what was written in one basic source, Nicolaus of Damascus.
	www.livius.org /jo-jz/josephus/josephus.htm (3150 words)

	73 Divisions in Islam and One True Jama'at
		The literature available on the Jewish sects of the time of Jesus (AS) does not as such has a compiled list of all the sects.
		Some authors will regard a group to be too small for their criteria of a sect while the other include them as a sect.
		Jewish Sectarianism in Second Temple Times" by Lawrence H. Schiffman, in Great Schisms in Jewish History, Edited by Raphael Jospe and Stanley M. Wagner, Published by Center for Judaic Studies University of Denve and KTAV Publishing House, Inc. New York (1981) ISBN 0-87068-711-5.
	www.real-islam.org /73_7.htm (444 words)

	[No title]
		Jewish Sects of the New Testament Era answers this question and brings readers into the Word and world of New Testament Judaism.
		Jewish believer Dr. Randy Weiss identifies the dramatic, undeniable, ancient connection between ancient Judaism and nascent Christianity.
		This text enables students of the New Testament to understand the varied Jewish belief systems at work among the segmented groups of Jews who lived in the time of Christ.
	www.logos.com /ebooks/details/jewishsects (146 words)

	jewish sects of 2nd temple period by David Steinberg
		jewish sects of 2nd temple period by David Steinberg
		In later centuries, a Samaritan sect, the Dosethians, arose that showed a number of parallels to the Pharisees.
		See Sects and Movements by J Fossum in The Samaritans, Alan D. Crown,ed.
	www.adath-shalom.ca /jewish_sects.htm (319 words)

	Christian Steps - New Testament Jewish Sects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The attempted Hellenization of the Jews during the intertestamental period gave rise to the three main sects of Jewish religion known as the Pharisees, Sadducees, and the Essenes.
		This was due to the growing influence of the Synagog in various locals, where the Pharisaic rabbi’s unofficially replaced Jewish priests as the main expositors of Jewish Law.
		The impact that the three main sects of Judaism had on Christianity is probably immeasurable.
	www.christiansteps.com /doctrine/paper-bib102.html (1844 words)

	MyJewishLearning.com - History & Community: The Rise of Christianity
		Nascent Christianity was one of several apocalyptic Jewish sects active during the Second Temple period.
		Many of his ideas were similar to those of his brethren in the various sects, including the Pharisees [characterized by their Near Eastern culture, middle to lower class economic status, and acceptance of non-biblical laws and customs] and the Dead Sea and apocalyptic sects.
		The challenge posed by Jesus to the Jewish authorities cannot have been of such significance as to warrant a demand for his execution.
	www.myjewishlearning.com /history_community/Ancient/IntergroupTO/RiseofChristianity.htm (708 words)

	Parties.htm
		A Jewish group mentioned in three different contexts in the Synoptic Gospels (Mk 12:18 [=Luke 20:27; Matt 22:23-34]; Matt 3:7; 16:1-12) and six in Acts (4:1; 5:17; 23:6-8).
		Rabbinic writings sometimes interchange the term "Sadducee" with "Samaritans" (here meaning "opponents") and "Boethuians." The latter is probably from their connection with the house of Boethus, from which came several high priests during the NT period.
		The end of the Roman siege of the fortress and the suicide of its defenders brought the end of organized Jewish resistance to the Romans in the Land of Israel in first century.
	www.wheaton.edu /DistanceLearning/Parties.htm (5637 words)

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