Jewish-Roman Wars - Factbites

Jewish-Roman Wars - Factbites
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Topic: Jewish-Roman Wars

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	Jew
		Jewishness is determined by the mother (matrilineal descent); thus the immediate male descendants of a female Jewish apostate are still considered Jewish; all her female descendants, but only in a documented unbroken female line of descent, and their immediate male children are also considered Jewish.
		The revolt was smashed by the Roman emperors Vespasian and Titus Flavius.
		Karaite Judaism is a Jewish denomination characterized by reliance on the Tanakh as the sole scripture and rejection of the Oral Law (the Mishnah and Talmud).
	wikipedia.openfun.org /en/wikipedia/j/je/jew.html?redirected=1

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Rome
		During the Roman-Jewish wars in Palestine in 66-73 and 132-135, Jewish prisoners of war were brought to Rome as slaves.
		Jewish synagogues were destroyed by Christian mobs in 387-388 and in 493-526 (during the reign of Theodoric).
		In 1987, the Jewish community obtained special rights from the Italian state allowing them to abstain from work on the Sabbath and to observe Jewish holidays At least 13 synagogues can be found in Rome, including a special synagogue for the Libyan Jews who immigrated to Rome after the Six-Day War in 1967.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/Rome.html

	Jewish cuisine - Enpsychlopedia
		The roots of Jewish cooking, however, are in the Middle East, where the Jews came from, and it was heavily influenced by the cuisine of Ancient Egypt and the Byzantine Empire.
		Jewish cooks are debarred from using butter in pastries, which are to be eaten in conjunction with meats, and from using milk or cream under the same circumstances.
		Smoked salmon is another Jewish delicacy, and this, together with pickled herrings, pickled (yellow) cucumbers, and olives, is often to be seen on Jewish tables as appetizing adjuncts to fried fish.
	www.grohol.com /wiki/Jewish_cuisine

	ch2
		As to the issue of establishing a sovereign Jewish national state, an issue that is distinct from immigration: After the two Jewish-Roman wars and before modern Zionism, with the exceptions of the revolts of A.D. 352 and 555, there were no significant attempts by Jews to establish a sovereign Jewish state in Palestine or elsewhere.
		Perhaps a Jewish state in part of Palestine proportionate in size to the percent of population that was Jewish might have been equi-table then.
		During the late Roman and Byzantine periods peace prevailed, agriculture was intensively developed and extended to southern areas and a considerable urban development occurred.
	www.al-bushra.org /America/ch2.html

	Diaspora
		Jewish presence in their ancient homeland was disrupted in the 2nd century CE as a result of the Bar Kochba Revolt, which induced the Roman Empire to scatter the Jewish people to the four winds and repopulate the region with others.
		A Jewish presence was established here early on, and by the time of the Romans was a semi-autonomous community with it's own laws and governing body.
		Although the region was never entirely devoid of Jewish residents, for the most part Jews migrated in every direction, ending up in all parts of the Roman and Parthian Empires, and eventually populating centers everywhere in Europe and Asia.
	www.hostkingdom.net /Diaspora.html

	List of wars
		1532 - 1546 Ottoman-Habsburg War in the Mediterranean
		161 - 166 - Parthian war of Lucius Verus
		1918 Finnish Civil War, fought between "the reds" (rebellious Socialists) and "the whites" (anti-Socialists) in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/L/List-of-wars.htm

	Jewish-Roman wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		66 – 73 CE), against the Roman Empire is sometimes called The First Jewish-Roman War.
		132 - 135 CE), also known as The Second Jewish-Roman War or The Second Jewish Revolt, was a second major rebellion by the Jews of
		115 - 117, the Kitos War, suppressed by the Senator
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jewish-Roman_wars

	Wars between the Jews and Romans: Pompey
		Wars between the Jews and Romans: the subjugation of Judaea (63 BCE)
		When the Romans controlled the Temple, Pompey and his officers entered the Holy of Holies - according to the Jews a blasphemous act, because only the high priest was allowed to enter this room.
		And the Jewish queen Alexandra-Salome had died, after which their sons Hyrcanus and Aristobulus had started a bloody civil war, which was ruining Judaea.
	www.livius.org /ja-jn/jewish_wars/jwar01.htm

	Socio-Political Resistance as a Thematic Layer
		Around 150, there was extreme conspiracy and instability in the Roman Empire; Christianity was born from a matrix of extreme conspiracy, mixed with the Jewish-Roman wars.
		The humanist anti-slavery Jews and their sympathizers were at war against the ruling Roman pro-slavery aristocracy and their Jewish aristocratic pro-slavery collaborators.
		Roman aristocrats persecuted Christians because to be a Christian was to be a sympathizer with the rebel slaves, even though the Jesus figure was against violent resistance.
	www.egodeath.com /SocioPoliticalResistanceAsThematicLayer.htm

	History in Review - The Jewish People in Classical Antiquity
		Jewish history is, and always had been, a contentious area of study.
		This section covers the Ptolemaic rule of Jewish Palestine, the conquest of Judea by Alexander the Great and the consequent Hellenization of the area, and the rule of the Seleucids.
		The insights offered on this topic are invaluable to explaining how the Roman's viewed their world, and their responsibilities to those areas which they had annexed and to those kingdoms which they viewed as client states.
	www.largeprintreviews.com /HIRhayes.html

	The Wars Of The Jews; or The History of the Destruction Of Jerusalem
		The Jewish millionaire who surrendered to the Romans "like all senior figures of authority at the end of the Second Temple period, their luck also did not improve with the outbreak of the Great Rebellion and they were forced to abandon their home."
		a Jewish priest and Pharisee, was put in command of the national resistance in Galilee at the time of Israel's revolt against Rome, but was captured at Jotapata; his life was spared when he predicted that Vespasian would become emperor and he agreed to provide his captors with a history of his people.
		The Wars Of The Jews; or The History of the Destruction Of Jerusalem
	www.preteristarchive.com /JewishWars

	[ref001] Evaluating Historical Claims [ref002] [ref003]_The_Skeptical_Review_: 1995: Numbe
		The Jewish historian Josephus, for example, claimed that during the feast of unleaven bread just before the Jewish-Roman wars, a light so bright shined around the temple altar at the ninth hour of the night that it gave the appearance of "bright day time" for the space of half an hour (_Wars_of_the_Jews_ 6:5.3).
		The Roman historian Suetonius, for example, recorded as a fact that while Roman magistrates publicly argued about where to take the body of Julius Caesar to be cremated, two "divine forms" came down with torches and set fire to the bier on which Caesar's body was lying in state (_The_Twelve_Caesars_, Penguin, 1979, p.
		He went on to report that a few days after the feast, just before sunset "chariots and troops of soldiers in their armor were seen running about among the clouds and surrounding the city" (_Ibid._).
	www.skepticfiles.org /sr/3claim95.htm

	Category:Ancient Jewish Roman history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		See related articles Timeline of Jewish history and Roman Empire.
		This page was last modified 11:07, 30 Nov 2004.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Ancient_Jewish_Roman_history

	A Messianic Bible Study of the book of Romans
		Roman anti-Semitism, Roman-Jewish wars, anti-Jewish Roman laws, development of "the Church," church fathers, church councils
		The Jewish Roots of Romans, by Joseph Shulam
		One goal of this study is to correct the common errors made in most Romans studies (and Bible studies in general), that are caused by ignorance of the context of the letter and a tainted opinion of Paul's view of the Torah.
	www.yashanet.com /studies/romstudy

	Ancient Numismatic Books
		"Coins of the Jewish-Roman Wars" by H. Kogen, published in 1987.
		There is an inscription inside the front cover which is signed by the author.
		The 56 page book has card covers, and is in fine condition.
	www.angelfire.com /biz2/numismaticbooks/ancient.html

	Roman Empire Wars
		The Roman Empire Wars include the series of wars fought from when Octavian founded the Roman Empire in 27 bc to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 ad.
		eHistory > World History > Military > Major Conflicts > Roman Empire Wa...
	www.ehistory.com /World/WarView.cfm?WID=56

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 99054791
		Table of contents for The Roman-Jewish wars and Hebrew cultural nationalism / Moshe Aberbach, David Aberbach.
		A Brief Anatomy of the Jewish Revolts against Rome
		Short-Term Causes of the Jewish Revolts against Rome
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/hol053/99054791.html

	Articles - List of Jews by country
		Jewish diaspora, with one example from each country and a link to a list for that country.
		Israel ( list ) – Itzhak Perlman, violinist (most are Jewish)
		See also a list of prominent Jews in the arts and sciences.
	www.free-biz.org /articles/List_of_Jews_by_country

	Who was Who in Roman Times: Images from Roman events
		Who was Who in Roman Times: Images from Roman events
	www.romansonline.com /Ev_img_r.asp

	Dr. Vess's World Civilization Virtual Library
		Echoes of the Ancients wonderful site on the excavation of Yodefat, site of a Jewish rebellion against the Romans
		Library of Congress Quicktime VR panorama of the Roman Forum This you have got to see!
		Roman Sites: Huge Bibliography of Sites on the Web related to Rome
	www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu /~dvess/rome.htm

	The Works of Flavius Josephus
		Book XIX -- From the Departure of the Jews from Babylon to FAdus the Roman Procurator
		Book XVIII -- From the Banishment of Archelaus to the Departure of the Jews from Babylon
		Book XX -- From Fadus the Procurator to Florus
	www.ccel.org /j/josephus/JOSEPHUS.HTM

	roman.htm
		In 66 C.E., Pharisee elements in Jewish brigades in the Galilee engaged Roman centurions in battle sparking a conflict that lasted seven years, the destruction of Jerusalem and the second Temple, again on the 9th of Av in the 70 C.E., and wide enslavement and expulsion of the Jewish population.
		By the year 73 C.E., when the last vestiges of Jewish resistance had been vanquished, the Romans had fought their longest and most ruinous war to date.
		These two groups constantly debated their subsurvience to Roman rule and what they perceived as an illegitimate dynasty under the Herdion kings.
	www.american.edu /projects/mandala/TED/hpages/jeruselum/roman.htm (368 words)

	Josephus (Flavius) Jewish War Summary
		Josephus foresaw that God would have taken further divine punishment on the sacrilegious behavior of the Jewish ruffians had the Romans delayed their attacks.
		After the war, which lasted from 66 to 73, he retired to Roman exile as a Roman citizen during the reigns of Vespasian (emperor 69-79), his son Titus (79-81), Domitian (81-96), and possibly Nerva (96-98) and Trajan (98-117).
		Overall Impression: This is a detailed description of the events leading up to and during the Jewish War of 66-73 CE, not as great as the histories of Herodotus or Thucydides and somewhat self-serving, but nevertheless a fascinating account of this tragic time in Jewish history.
	www.mcgoodwin.net /pages/otherbooks/fv_jewishwar.html (3501 words)

	Rome: Political Resources
		Jewish History Sourcebook: Jews and the Later Roman Law 315-531 CE This text is part of the Internet Jewish History Sourcebook.
		Republican Magistrates during the fifties B.C. An Abridgement Taken From T. Broughton's Magistrates of the Roman Republic vol.
		A discussion of the political offices and responsibilities of the various branches of the Roman Republican government from the University of Texas, Department of Classics.
	intranet.dalton.org /groups/Rome/RPol.html (3501 words)

	The Jewish War and the Destruction of Jerusalem
		The extreme Jewish patriots were not satisfied with the tame manner in which Josephus conducted his preparations; they had grounds to suspect that the aristocrat, who had formally belonged to the peace party, had not his heart in the undertaking.
		The Jewish War and the Destruction of Jerusalem
		The Jewish War began in 66 AD and culminated in the destruction of Jerusalem in 70.
	latter-rain.com /Israel/jewar.htm (1498 words)

	Wars between the Jews and Romans
		This may have been a Jewish success, but it was clear that the Romans would return with a larger army, and many people left Jerusalem, leaving it in the hands of the radicals.
		The obvious reason why this incident led to war, was the religious tension between the Jewish populace and the Roman government.
		The Romans had paused their attacks for some time, there was a civil war, and at the other end of the empire, the Batavians had revolted, and a new emperor, Julius Sabinus, had been proclaimed in Gaul.
	www.livius.org /ja-jn/jewish_wars/jwar03.html (1748 words)

	Flavius Josephus
		In the war between the Jews and the Romans of 66-70, the Jewish general Joseph son of Matthias defended Galilee against the Roman legions.
		It is no coincidence that the Jewish War ends with a speech of the leader of the rebels at Masada, the Sicarian Eleaser, who more or less admits that all violence was a result of nationalistic agitation and also admits that God is angry.
		One of the author's aims is to show that the Jewish culture is older than any other then existing culture; the same idea can be found in the writings of Philo of Alexandria, a Jewish philosopher who lived in the first half of the first century CE.
	www.livius.org /jo-jz/josephus/josephus.htm (3152 words)

	Masada
		Most of Herodian buildings and fortifications were erected apparently between 37 and 31 B.C.E. Roman garrison was probably stationed here from 6 to 66 C.E., when, at the outbreak of the Jewish War, Menahem, son of Judah the Galilean, captured Masada at the head of a band of Zealots.
		After Menahem was murdered in Jerusalem by Jewish rivals, his nephew Eleazar ben Yair escaped to Masada where he became its "tyrant" until its fall in 73 C.E. During there years Masada served as a place of refuge for all who were in danger of capture.
		Masada was Herod's royal citadel and later the last outpost of Zealots during the Jewish Revolt.
	mosaic.lk.net /g-masada.html (2782 words)

	Josephus
		Raymond F. Surburg writes: "In evaluating the historical worthiness of The Jewish War, it must not be forgotten that the Memoirs are written from a Roman point of view.
		The first to be composed was The Jewish War—an account of the war of the Jews against the Romans.
		It is the most extensive work on Jewish history in the Greek language with which we are acquainted, and has on that account so retained the lasting favour of Jewish, heathen and Christian readers, as to have been preserved entire in numerous manuscripts.
	www.earlyjewishwritings.com /josephus.html (824 words)

	war-pref.htm
		Nor are they ashamed to overlook the length of the war, the multitude of the Roman forces who so greatly suffered in it, or the might of the commanders, whose great labors about Jerusalem will be deemed inglorious, if what they achieved be reckoned but a small matter.
		Moreover, what the Romans did to the remains of the wall; and how they demolished the strong holds that were in the country; and how Titus went over the whole country, and settled its affairs; together with his return into Italy, and his triumph.
		For they have a mind to demonstrate the greatness of the Romans, while they still diminish and lessen the actions of the Jews, as not discerning how it cannot be that those must appear to be great who have only conquered those that were little.
	www.ccel.org /j/josephus/works/war-pref.htm (1049 words)

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