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	Jews of India-Introduction
		India has, historically, been a refuge and sheltered people of all religions, creeds and beliefs – Zoroastrians, Jews, Sufis, and more recently Bahais - all were granted protection and security when they sought it.
		Jews settled in different areas – from Kashmir in the north, to Cochin in the south, Calcutta in the east and Bombay (renamed Mumbai) in the west.
		The Pardesi synagogue in Cochin, Kerala is the oldest among the surviving synagogues in the country.
	www.the-south-asian.com /March2001/Jews_of_India-Intro.htm (632 words)

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - India
		The Jews of Cochin say that they came to Cranganore (south-west coast of India) after the destruction of the Temple in 70 C.E. They had, in effect, their own principality for many centuries until a chieftainship dispute broke out between two brothers in the 15th century.
		Under British rule, the Jews of India achieved their maximum population and wealth, and the Calcutta community continued to grow and prosper and trade amongst all the cities of the Far East and to the rest of the world.
		India's Jewish population declined dramatically starting in the 1940s with heavy immigration to Israel, England and the United States.
	www.us-israel.org /jsource/Judaism/indians.html (1060 words)

	"The Last Jews in India and Burma" by Nathan Katz and Ellen S. Goldberg
		The 29 Jews of the Paradesi community and perhaps another 30 scattered throughout Kerala are all that remain of the 2,500 prior to mass aliya.
		Indian Jews feel ambivalent; they want foreign Jews to appreciate that India's policies are not antisemitic, but reflect such factors as the importance of the Arab world for India's foreign trade, the political views of its 80,000,000 Muslim citizens, and its aspirations to Third World leadership.
		The affinities between Hindus and Jews go beyond their shared perception of a Muslim adversary, and while secularism has been in the interest of Jews in most nations of exile, it may be that the Indian case is a notable exception.
	www.jcpa.org /jl/jl101.htm (4205 words)

	Jews of India
		According to the inscription, the ruler awarded the Jews the village of Anjuvannam, meaning "five castes," as the Jews were believed to be the lords of the five castes of artisans.
		In 1524, on the pretext that the Jews were tampering with the pepper trade, the Moors attacked the remaining Jews of Anjuvannam, burning their homes and synagogues.
		The central communal organisation of Jews in India is the Council of Indian Jewry, which was established in 1978 in Bombay.
	www.geocities.com /hsitah5/jews_of_india.htm (3305 words)

	Jews of India
		Jews are considered the smallest minority in India, and the Kochi congregation, the first to arrive, is the closest to extinction.
		The Paradesi Synagogue, built in 1568 after the Portuguese expelled the Jews from the city of Cranganore, is India's oldest synagogue and the only one still in use in the state of Kerala.
		There were 2,000 Jews in Kochi and the surrounding city of Ernakulam in 1948, when Israel became a country and a lure to many of the world's Jews.
	homepage.mac.com /alanrappeport/press/Personal30.html (804 words)

	The World in India , bthe Jews, Chinese and Armenians, jews.
		Small communities of Jews were found settled on the western coast of India since the 10th or 11th century though the first mention of Jews in connection with India occurs in the Bible itself.
		As for the Baghdadi Jews, who arrived in India after the British rule, it was natural as outsiders to align themselves more with the British not only in matters of political allegiance but also with regard to sharing of business interests and their outlook.
		India is perhaps the only country in the world in which, through long centuries Jews have dwelt in complete security and have been accorded an honourable place in the social structure of the land” in the words of the late Begjamin J. Israel, a bureaucrat and scholar.
	www.indiaprofile.com /religion-culture/worldinindia.htm (1744 words)

	CPAmedia.com: India's Jews: Surviving Against the Odds
		India's 6,500 Jews may well be one of that country's smallest and least visible minorities, yet their contribution to India throughout the ages is certainly not to be ignored.
		Though occasionally it is assumed that Jews settled in the Bombay area as early as the 6th century, it was not until the 18th century that they made any notable impact.
		Jews from other parts of India joined in, until in 1947, there were 24,000 Jews in Bombay.
	www.cpamedia.com /travel/india_jews (1371 words)

	Tourism of India - Fast Facts
		Around 500 BC two other religions made their mark in India: Buddhism and Jainism and today while these two religions together account for no more than 1.2% of the population, their impact on Indian culture and sensibility is far in excess of that.
		There were other attempts to create new religions in India, and though they did not always succeed, they add to the mystic lore and spiritual depth of the land.
		Islam is the chosen faith of a hefty 12% of India's population.
	www.tourismofindia.com /ff/religion.htm (237 words)

	Telugu Jews of India
		When I arrived in the villages of rural Andhra Pradesh, in southeastern India, in the summer of 1994 to begin a year of photographing and researching the lives of working families, most people assumed I was an itinerant Christian priest.
		He believes that Jews migrated from northern India, perhaps Afghanistan or the North-East Frontier region (Manipur, Mizoram) sometime during the 9th or 10th centuries C.E., and settled around the area of Nandial in what were at that time nascent Telugu-speaking areas.
		This promise forms the backbone of the community's spiritual life; in group and individual prayer these Jews plead to God for it, demand their right to it, thank God for it, and struggle to be patient for it.
	www.kulanu.org /india/telugu_jews.html (1699 words)

	Kulanu: Jews of India
		The Jewish community is composed of three distinct groups: the Bene Israel, the Jews of Malabar, and the Baghdadi Jews.
		Jews have been coming to India for more than 2,000 years to trade and escape persecution.
		Jews were always able to worship openly and were favored by the the Maharajas of Cochin.
	www.kulanu.org /india/jews_of_india.html (543 words)

	The Jewish Community of Cochin
		The earliest evidence of the settlement of Jews on the Malabar Coast is given by two copper plates in the possession of the congregation of the White Jews.
		In 1923, the first Zionist organization was founded in Cochin, and the Jews sent representatives to the Zionist Federation in London and even appointed I. Zangwill as their representative to one of the Zionist congresses, being themselves unable to send a delegate.
		In 1970, the Jews from Cochin in Israel numbered approximately 4,000.The magnificent 16th century Paradesi synagogue in Cochin is still in use.
	www.bh.org.il /Communities/Archive/Cochin.asp (1140 words)

	Am Yisrael India
		Myths surround the origins of the Jews of India, particularly the Bene Israel and the Jews of Cochin.
		The Black Jews, whose origins are less clear but are believed to precede those of the Paradesi (and may date back to antiquity) closely resemble their Indian neighbors and often bear Biblical names.
		The most prominent Baghdadi Jew was David Sassoon who established the Indian House of Sassoon in 1832 and paved the way for the arrival of many other Iraqi Jews in India.
	www.amyisrael.co.il /asia/india/index.htm (1136 words)

	UJC - Jewish Week: Passover In Jewtown
		Cochin is a small town in Kerala, India’s southern province on the coast of the Arabian Sea, and Hallegua is a descendant of the Sephardic families who eventually landed in that town and others in the province after their expulsion from Spain.
		Despite the frequent positions India has taken against the modern state of Israel, anti-Semitism has never taken a foothold in that vast country, in which 5,000 Jews, in a total population of almost 1 billion, enjoy equality.
		Cochin Jews, with an intense belief in the biblical injunction to return to Israel, have largely abandoned the land in which they have enjoyed a happy existence for 2,000 years and resettled there.
	www.ujc.org /content_display.html?ArticleID=180765 (950 words)

	Rey Chow
		The Bene Israel Jews were known for sesame oil pressing, and initially were scattered through the Bombay area forcing them to worship in their homes as opposed to a central synagogue.
		The Cochin Jews were persecuted under Portuguese rule (1498-1663), as fervor from the Inquisition followed immigration to India.
		Jews were given jobs in the military, the navy, commerce, and construction, but ironically abandoned their original oil pressing monopoly as the Empire took over.
	www.english.emory.edu /Bahri/Jews.html (1579 words)

	S.C.J. FAQ: Section 13.9. Jews as a Nation: Who Are The Jews of India, And What Are Their Origins?
		India has a legacy of four distinct Jewish groups: the Bene Israel, the Cochin Jews, the Sephardic Jews from Europe, and the "Baghdadis" from Iraq.
		The Jews of Cochin say that they came to Cranganore (south-west coast of India) after the destruction of the Temple in 70ce.
		Another prominent Indian Jew is Dr. Jerusha Jhirad, who was given the title of Padma Shri by the Government of India.
	www.shamash.org /lists/scj-faq/HTML/faq/13-09.html (1349 words)

	Who Are the Jews of India?
		Jews in India are mostly Orthodox or Sephardic in their worship and lifestyle.
		At the root of his examination of the marginality of the Jews in India lies the reality that the Jews are the smallest minority group in India and simultaneously, in India reside the smallest of the Jewish diaspora in the world.
		The significant point is the book not only presents many unknown facets of the socio-cultural life of the Jews in India, but the story of their accommodation into Indian society offers a refreshing understanding of the host society itself, i.e.
	www.khazaria.com /katz.html (2081 words)

	Amazon.com: Who Are the Jews of India?: Books: Nathan Katz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It was a UC Berkeley professor of history, Walter J. Fischel, who pioneered the study of the Jews in India in his 1962 article, "Cochin in Jewish History: Prolegomena to a History of the Jews in India," published in The Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research.
		The Cochin Jews claim their ancestors arrived in Shingly, near Cochin, on the southwest coast of India in 72 A. D., fleeing the destruction of the second temple by the Romans.
		On the harmonious history of the Jewish diaspora in India, Katz analyzes: "A crucial distinction between India and the rest of the Diaspora, however, is that in India acculturation is not paid for in the currency of assimilation.
	www.amazon.com /Who-Jews-India-Nathan-Katz/dp/0520213238 (1951 words)

	Jewish Ancestors in India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This page is part of the Family History in India website which is designed to help people trace their British, European and Anglo-Indian family history in colonial India.
		Jews of India is a comprehensive website with a wealth of links to sites related to the Jewish communities of India.
		Jews of Cochin and Jews of Bombay are interesting webpages with some history of these communities, as well as travel tips, tourist information and how to find a kosher restaurant in South Asia.
	members.ozemail.com.au /~clday/jewish.htm (903 words)

	Monsoon - The Asian Journal of Brandeis
		Meanwhile, the Jews of Cochin said they came to Cranganore after the destruction of the Temple in 70 C.E. Like the Bene Israel, they were divided into “white” Jews, “fl” Jews, and Meshuchrarim, or “freemen”.
		In east India, in the state of Manipur, a community of Jews views itself as descendants of the Menashe Tribe, one of the Lost Tribes.
		These Jews, who have a Chinese appearance, claim that after their forefathers were exiled and enslaved by the Assyrians, they escaped from slavery and arrived in China.
	people.brandeis.edu /~monsoon/articles/hussain_whoarethejews.htm (1279 words)

	The Jews, Israel, and India - An Interview with Nathan Katz
		Similarly whereas once Jews in Cochin in South India were very different in terms of what we call traditions of Jewish observance from Jews in New York or Israel, that is much less the case today.
		The Indian military hero of the 1971 war between India and Pakistan, which led to the establishment of Bangladesh, was Lieutenant General Frederick Jacob, a Jew from Calcutta.
		They are bloodsuckers like the Jews and a blight on humanity.' Then I saw that his name was framed at the bottom of the screen and that he was one of the leaders of the Communist party.
	www.jcpa.org /cjc/cjc-katz-f05.htm (5547 words)

	Jewish Heritage of India Tour
		The Cochin Jews are further divided into Black (believing themselves to be the original settlers arriving during the first century) and White (of European or Middle Eastern origin) Jews.
		In addition, tucked away in the isolated northeastern corner of India is the Bnei Menashe community, considered to be one of the lost tribes.
		The Ben Israeli Jews are thought to have left Yemen in the 2nd century BC, and claim to be descended from families shipwrecked off the coast of Nagaon, just south of Mumbai.
	www.spirit-of-india.com /group/Jewish/index.html (927 words)

	History of the Jews in India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Unlike many parts of the world, Jews have historically lived in India without anti-Semitism from Indians (though they have been victims of anti-Semitism from the Portuguese[1] and the Christian Goa Inquisition during their colonial rule).
		Anti-Semitism in India has manifested itself through the rhetoric of Islamist outfit Lashkar-e-Toiba, who have declared Jews and Hindus to be enemies of Islam [2][3][4].
		Jews in India typically have not intermarried with gentiles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jews_in_India (930 words)

	RaceandHistory.com - India's tribal Jews
		GUWAHATI, India, June 29 (AFP) - Thousands of people in India's far northeast are eyeing a possible future life in Israel, saying they are the direct descendants of one of the Biblical 10 lost tribes.
		The local Mizos, the dominant tribe in Christian-majority Mizoram, are believed to be a branch of the Shinlung and "have very many things in common with the Jews in Israel," Zaithanchhungi added.
		The Shinlung Jews are also not recognised by the mainstream Jewish community in India, which only numbers around 4,000.
	www.raceandhistory.com /worldhotspots/indiajews.htm (505 words)

	Cochin Jews - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cochin Jews, also called Malabar Jews are the ancient Jews and their descendants of the South Indian erstwhile state of Kingdom of Cochin which includes the present day port city of Kochi.
		Jews came to Kerala and settled as early as 700 BC for trade.
		Large groups have settled in the Moshavim of Nevatim in the Negev (southern Israel) and Yuval in the North, in the neighborhood of Katamon in Jerusalem, in Beer Sheva, Dimona and Yeruham.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cochin_Jews (980 words)

	India's 'Lost Jews' Wait In Hope
		Saturdays are observed by Jews the world over as the Sabbath, the day of rest, and the members of the Benei Menashe community meet for morning prayers at the synagogue in Imphal.
		Her parents and six siblings have emigrated to Israel in the last few years and she is now looking forward to making the move herself.
		Michael Freund, director of Amishav - an organisation that helps Jews move to Israel - says he firmly believes that Menashe is one of the lost tribes of Israel.
	www.rense.com /general56/indiaslostjews.htm (598 words)

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