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Topic: Jiajing Emperor of China

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	China from Ming to the Manchu
		China's agriculture was advancing - with some new crops such as maize, sweet potatoes and peanuts from the Americas.
		Emperor Tianqi enjoyed carpentry while his court and administration was being tyrannized by a eunuch, Wei Zhongxian, who dismissed anyone from government service whom he thought might be disloyal to him.
		Manchu emperors kept military power out of the hands of Chinese and in the hands of their fellow Manchu, and they moved to prevent their fellow Manchu from being swallowed by the Chinese.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h24china.html (1959 words)

	Ming Emperor Jiajing (Zhu Houzong) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		He was born in 2rd year of Emperor Zhengde's reign (1507 AD), and died in 45th year of his reign (1566 AD).
		Because the Emperor Zhengde had no child and blood brother, so after his death, his throne was left to his cousin Zhu Houzong.
		Emperor Zhu Houzong was different from his cousin Emperor Zhengde: he liked peace.
	library.thinkquest.org /C0126670/emperors/jiajing_en.htm (107 words)

	Chinese Arts - Architecture å»ºç¯è—è¡“ - Tombs å¢³å¢“èéµå¢“ (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		With the advent of Buddhism in China, the use of burning the corpse became widespread among the average population.
		The left picture is from the tomb of Princess Yongtai æ°¸æ³°å¬ä¸» in Qianxian ä¹¾ç¸£/Shaanxi, a daughter of Emperor Tang Zhongzong å”ä¸å®—, murdered by Empress Wu Zetian æ¦åå¤©.
		The tombs of the Qing æ¸ emperors can be found in two different areas: The eastern area (Qing Dongling æ¸æ±éµ) in Zunhua éµå—/Hebei with the tombs of Shunzhi é æ²», Kangxi åº·ç, Qianlong ä¹¾é, Xianfeng å’¸è±; and the western area (Qing Xiling æ¸è¥¿éµ) with the tombs of the Jiaqing åæ¶ and other emperors.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /Art/Tombs/tombs.html (1750 words)

	Yongle Emperor - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		China History Forum is an online chinese history forum, discussion board or community for all who are interested in learning and discussing chinese history from prehistoric till modern times, including chinese art of war, chinese culture topics.
		Emperor Yong-le also mounted five military expedition into mongolia and totally crush the remnants of the yuan dynasty that fled to the north after got defeated by first emperor of the ming dynasty.He make mongolia into chinese tributary and all the tribes in mongolia must submit to him and proclaimed themselves vassal.
		The Yongle Emperor of China was the third ruler in the Ming Dynasty, from 1403 to 1424.
	chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=784&st=60&...&#entry4779831 (2108 words)

	Qing Decline 1799-1875 by Sanderson Beck
		Emperor Jiajing continued China's tributary system that invested neighboring countries as vassals of the "middle kingdom." Korea brought tribute annually, Annam every other year, Ryuku and Siam every three years, and Burma and Laos every decade.
		As Emperor Xianfeng fled from the Anglo-French invasion in 1860 to Jehol, Prince Gong and Wenxiang remained in Beijing to negotiate a treaty with the European invaders.
		Emperor Tongzhi did not receive diplomats until 1873, when they were allowed to bow instead of kowtow; but he overindulged in his pleasure quarters and died of illness in January 1875.
	www.san.beck.org /3-9-QingDecline1799-1875.html (15895 words)

	Yongle Encyclopedia - Chinese Dictionary - Chinese
		In 1557, under the supervision of the Jiajing Emperor of Chinaemperor Jiajing, the Encyclopaedia was narrowly saved from being destroyed by a fire which burnt down three palaces in the Forbidden City.
		It got burnt in the Palace of Heavenly Purity (in the Forbidden City) during the reign of Qing Dynasty Jiaqing Emperor of Chinaemperor Jiaqing.
		Some think that the Encyclopedia in fact disappeared at the death of Jiajing, having being taken by the emperor to his grave, and they believe that it will yet be found hidden in the tomb complex of Yongling.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Yongle_Encyclopedia (477 words)

	Exploring Chinese History :: Database Catalog :: Biographical Database :: Imperial China- (?- 1644)
		After assembling forces and proclaiming himself emperor in the face of competitors, he was able to defeat his rivals, destroy the peasant army of the Chimei (Red Eyebrows, 赤眉), known for their disorganization and marauding, and finally reunify the whole of China in CE 36.
		Emperor Gengshi's regime was only able to obtain nominal submission from many regions of the empire, and one of the trouble region was the region north of the Yellow River.
		The emperor devoted great personal care to the whole project, and in his instruction to the ministers told them that the code of laws should be comprehensive and intelligible, so as not to leave any loophole for lower officials to misinterpret the law through twisting its language.
	www.ibiblio.org /chinesehistory/contents/06dat/bio.1imp.html (15104 words)

	Imperial Elegance - Chinese Ceramics from Asia Society's Rockefeller Collection
		In the fifteenth century the motif of a dragon chasing a pearl became a prominent imperial symbol in the arts and the five-clawed dragons give further indication that this bowl was intended for the use of the Xuande emperor.
		Jars of this type are more heavily potted than other pieces that bear imperial marks, probably because of their relatively large size and because they are generally believed to have been used as outdoor decoration in gardens.
		The rounded forms and brilliant yellow glazes of this dish and the slightly later one next to it rely on prototypes established in the early 15th century.
	www.asiasociety.org /arts/imperialelegance/colorform.html (710 words)

	chinahis.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Critical of China's orthodox political writing standards of the time, Jisheng and others preferred the archaic, or ancient, form of writing which they believed promoted higher cultural values.
		China, Hammond said, currently has about 16 missiles in its arsenal capable of carrying long-range warheads.
		Hammond's China research is being funded by a $20,000 grant from the American Council of Learned Societies.
	www.nmsu.edu /~ucomm/Releases/1999/july99/chinahis.html (528 words)

	China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Revered in China during his lifetime in a way not easy for non-Chinese to understand, he was enormously influential around the world as well.
		It is essentially a corridor running from the upper Yellow River in the east, along the verge between the Tibetan plateau on the one hand and the Gobi desert on the other, to the edge of the Xinjiang wastes in the west.
		It formed with the encouragement of China, which needed a buffer zone between itself and the then-aggressive Tibetans, but Nan Chao soon became expansionist in it's own right, and proved to be a considerable threat to China at times.
	www.hostkingdom.net /china.html (2189 words)

	Who do you consider the worst Ming emperor? - China History Forum, chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Considering and comparing the damage and harm all the Ming Emperors have caused during their reign, i'd rank Shenzong as the worst Ming emperor, 2nd would be Yingzong, 3rd is Wuzong and the last would be Xizong, also know as the carpenter emperor-LOL.
		I consider Yinzhong to be the wrost emperor of Ming, he overthrown his more capable brother and really set the precedence for the other emperors to follow.
		Liu Song has many deposed emperors for such a short time in power, it and the southern dynasties that followed are a good place to look for palace intrigues, conspiracies, plots and counter plots, and all that juicy stuff, making North-South Dynasties one of my favorite era.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=3792&st=0 (1737 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		During the Jiajing reign of Shizong, Ming armies fought off the attacks of Altan Khan, prince of the Ordos, and “Japanese pirates,” many of them not originally from Japan, but so designated in contemporary sources.
		As he ruled China until he died, people had been losing a focus of adjustment for new sanctions.
		The emperor of China was nature suspicious, and stressed out for the works and cleansing his court of opponent.
	web.suffieldacademy.org /~07ay/china1550.htm (299 words)

	Imperial China 617-1644: Politics, Law, Military History: Ming Decline And Collapse \| World Eras
		The Jiajing emperor had to deal with the rise of a new Mongol empire under Altan Khan, who raided Chinese territory in an effort to get supplies for his campaigns against his enemies.
		The Jiajing emperor, becoming obsessed with Daoism and the search for the elixirs of immortality, withdrew from the active supervision of the government for many years.
		Although the following Chongzhen emperor, a man who was active and well-intentioned, tried to carry out reforms to save the empire, he was hampered by the service of untrustworthy officials and lacked a consistent policy.
	bookrags.com /history/imperial-china-politics-law-military/sub10.html (503 words)

	Vacation in Chongqing China with Asian Vacations, Inc.
		An artificial lake is built at the foot of hills, with all kinds of birds either flying above or resting on the lake, and the plants on the island in the middle of the lake are strikingly verdant.
		This attraction is the largest zoological garden in southwest China and one of the largest in the whole country.
		It is an important part of the Jiajing Mountain Scenic Area, one of the first group of nation-level scenic spots established in 1982 by the State Council.
	www.vacationsinchina.com /Chongqing_attractions.html (3411 words)

	Taiwan - Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China -- Research Into Origins Of Huns, Uygurs, Mongols ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Taiwan's land was recorded to be 1000 Chinese li distance from Jilong in the north to Langqiao in the south, and 900 li distance from Duo-luo-man in the east to Wang-cheng in the west.
		In the ensuing hundreds of years, Manchu Qing China had been mostly occupied with "pleasure-seeking and literature-decoration", a 1916 comment by Japanese Prime Minister in regards to Yuan Shi-kai's death and its inluence on the rise and fall of the Republic Of China.
		An outpost of the empire was maintained by the counties of Dongye and Houguan, at the mouth of the Min River by present-day Fuzhou...
	www.republicanchina.org /taiwan.html (5959 words)

	Shaolin Kung Fu and Shaolin Temple, China Highlights Travel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Since China adopted the policy of economic reform and opening up to the outside world, the central and local governments have been giving support to the Shaolin Temple Kung Fu, regarding it as an important aspect for prospering the national culture of China.
		During the reign of the Emperor Taiding of the Yuan Dynasty, a Japanese monk named Dazhi came to China to study the Zen.
		During the reign of the Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty, Chen Yuanding, a non-monk desciple in the Shaolin Temple, sailed eastward and reached Japan, where he spent many years embarking the boxing of the Shaolin Temple.
	www.chinahighlights.com /travelguide/kungfu/shaolin_kungfu.htm (1487 words)

	AAS Abstracts: China Session 45 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It was not until the Ming that the throne canonized an exclusionary Cheng Zhu version of the tradition in the temple, which is evident in the Jiajing emperor's (r.
		In Ming rites at the Confucian temple at the Imperial Academy, however, no such resemblance obtained between the emperor and the spirit of Confucius, or between the contrived image of the Sage (which was the product of the artisan's imagination) and the age's ineffable spirit itself, which was mysterious beyond ordinary understanding.
		The successive additions of new scenes may reflect shifts in official and popular conceptions of Confucius and in the treatment of his cult, as well as a deliberate manipulation of his image for polemical purposes in the factional struggles among officials and between officials and eunuchs.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/1995abst/china/csess45.htm (2262 words)

	The Temple of Heaven (TianTan), Beijing, China (10 pages, 100 photos)
		The temples of the sun and moon are in the east and west of Beijing.
		The symbolism at the Temple of Heaven was necessary because it served as the place where the emperor, as the 'Son of Heaven', directly beseeched Heaven to provide a bountiful harvest throughout the land.
		The path on the left was reserved for the emperor while the path on the right was used by the empress and court officials.
	www.kinabaloo.com /temple_of_heaven.html (1411 words)

	Ming Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Emperor decreed that protocol official examine the sincerity and authenticity of the delegation, with an order to ban exchange and trade between two countries should there be lack of such sincerity and authenticity.
		Protocol suggested to emperor that new tallies should not be issued till old tallies were cancelled and that Xuande-era regulation as to 3 boats and ten year interval should be enforced.
		Emperor Kangxi, however, prohibited Catholics by imprisoning Charles Thomas Maillard de Tournon who arrived in China in AD 1705 with a pope order as to exclusion of Heaven, ancestors and Confucius among Christian converts.
	www.republicanchina.org /ming.html (13424 words)

	Hui History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Hui scholars and scientists made outstanding contributions to China in introducing and spreading the achievements of Western Asia in astronomy, calendars, medicine and a number of other academic and cultural developments.
		He had the courage to remonstrate with Emperor Jiajing about his fatuousness and arbitrariness that brought the nation and the people to calamity.
		Later during his term of office as roving inspector directly responsible to the emperor and as chief procurator of Nanjing, Hai enforced discipline, redressed mishandled cases and checked local despots in a successful attempt to boost public morale.
	www.ehalal.net /chinamosques/Huihistory.htm (746 words)

	People Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The emperor Yongle moved the government of the Ming to Beijing and made a huge palace called the Forbidden City.
		The Yongle emperor made sure that know one could see the beautiful palace and that it was to be protected completly or whoever came into the palace court would be killed.
		A year later the Wanli Emperor died and Zhu Youjian the Chongzhen Emperor hanged himself before the day the marking of the Ming ending.
	www.asij.ac.jp /elementary/projects/4-c/chinaweb/ming/people.htm (173 words)

	Article/Video Detail - China As You Have Never Seen It Before! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In the memorial he criticised the emperor for his indulgence in practice of Daoism and negligence of state affairs.
		There was a saying that the emperor's name itself had become the synonym of poverty for every household.
		The new Emperor Longqing thought that Hai Rui was faithful to the court.
	www.chinaontv.com /ArtDetail.aspx?ai=1479 (647 words)

	[No title]
		The first emperor of Ming Dynasty was coming from regular family (that guy from next door).
		The Dingling Tomb is the tomb of Emperor Wanli (reigned 1573-1619), the 13th emperor of the Ming Dynasty, whose personal name was Zhu Yijun, and of his two empresses, Xiao Duan and Xiao Jing.
		The tomb was completed in six years (1584-1590), it occupies a total area of 1,195 square meters at the foot of Dayu Mountain southwest of the Changling Tomb.
	www.lycos.com /info/ming-dynasty--emperor-wanli.html (348 words)

	China Travel Festivals - Chinese Opera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		After the founding of the people's Republic of China, many revised traditional plays, newly arranged historical plays and plays reflecting contemporary life have appeared on stage and were warmly received by vast audiences.
		During the reign of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), a local opera troupe from Anhui Province came to Beijing and brought its 'Hui Tune' (which originated in Anhui Pronince and was called 'Pihuang' opera) to the capital.
		During the reign of Emperor Jiajing, Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 A.D.), Wei Liangfu, a famous musician, selected the essence of Haiyan Qiang and Yiyang Qiang (the styles of Haiyan and Yiyang) and created the well-known 'Shuimo Qiang', a set of well-designed and polished tunes, thus greatly developing Kun Opera.
	www.asia-planet.net /china/chinese-opera.htm (2196 words)

	In Search of the Yongle Encyclopedia
		In 1557, the 36th year of reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), the imperial palace unexpectedly caught fire.
		The first thing Emperor Jiajing ordered to be saved was not pearls or jewelry, but a set of books--the Yongle Encyclopedia, the most treasured reference classics in his possession.
		After the fire was put out, Emperor Jiajing began to consider making another copy of the encyclopedia "in case other disasters occur".
	www.china.org.cn /Beijing-Review/Beijing/BeijingReview/2000Apr/bjr2000-14e-13.htm (1476 words)

	Chinese Architecture: Temple of Heaven (Tiantan), Beijing
		Tiantan, the Temple of Heaven, was established in 1420 during the reign of Ming Emperor Yongle (r.
		The symbolism of the temple was necessary since the complex served as the setting in which the Emperor, the Son of Heaven, directly beseeched Heaven to provide good harvests throughout the land.
		This was important since agriculture was the foundation of China's wealth in the imperial period.
	www.orientalarchitecture.com /beijing/TIANTAN.htm (429 words)

	Puji Temple - China-related Topics PU-PZ - China-Related Topics
		In 1080, during the Song Dynasty (960-1279), the Emperor Shenzong of Song China renamed the temple 宝陀观音寺 (pinyin bao tuo guanyin si).
		In 1299, the abbot of the temple (一山一宁; yi shan yi ning) was appointed the director of Buddhist teaching for the region (江浙释教总统; jiangzhe shijiao zongtong) and was sent as an emissary to Japan by the emperor.
		In 1327, Emperor Taidingdi of Yuan ChinaEmperor Taiding presented the temple with 1000 metal bars and 2 qing 26 mu of land.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Puji_Temple (722 words)

	Jiajing Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Born Zhu Houcong, he was the Zhengde Emperor's cousin.
		Meanwhile, Jiaqing employed incapable individuals such as Zhang Cong and Yan Gao, on whom he thoroughly relied to handle affairs of state while loyal individuals such as Hai Rui and Yang Xusheng were dimissed or executed.
		Over the years, Jiaqing's mad devotion to Taoism was to become a heavy financial burden for the empire and create dissent across the country.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jiajing (497 words)

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