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Topic: Jianzhou Jurchens

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	Jurchens
		The early Jurchen script was based on the Khitan script, which in turn was inspired by Chinese characters.
		However, because Chinese is an isolating language and the Jurchen and Khitan languages are agglutinative, the script proved to be cumbersome.
		Chinese chroniclers of the Ming Dynasty distinguished three groups of Jurchens: the Wild Jurchens of northernmost Manchuria, the Haixi Jurchens of modern Heilongjiang and the Jianzhou Jurchens of modern Jilin province.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/ju/Jurchens.htm (819 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Jurchens
		The Jurchen named their dynasty the Jin ("Golden") after the Anchuhu River (anchuhu is the Jurchen equivalent of Manchu aisin "gold, golden") in their homeland — For more detailed treatment of dynastic history and administration, see Jin Dynasty.
		At first, the Jurchen tribesmen were kept in readiness for warfare but decades of urban and settled life in China eroded their original hunting-gathering lifestyle in Manchurian tundra and marshes.
		The Manchus, descendents of the Jurchen, later made the Han shave their heads and adopt the Queue (ponytail), which was the traditional Manchurian hairstyle.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Jurchens (1696 words)

	Jurchens Summary
		The other was the "cooked" Jurchen, who had interacted closely with the Kitan, the dominant political group at that time in north China and rulers of the Liao dynasty (906–1125), and with the many Chinese ruled by the Kitan.
		The founder of the Jurchen state, the chieftain Aguda (1068–1123) of the Wanyan clan, was primarily a ruler of the "raw" Jurchen, but he had learned how to use cavalry effectively in warfare from the Kitan.
		The Jurchen court could only retreat to its domains along the Yellow (Huang) River, where it was able to hold out for another nineteen years thanks to Mongol preoccupation elsewhere, principally with a campaign in the west (1218–1223) and with the conquest of Xi Xia, and then an interregnum.
	www.bookrags.com /Jurchens (2139 words)

	Jianzhou Jurchens (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Jianzhou Jurchens were a grouping of the Jurchens as identified by the Chinese of the Ming Dynasty.
		In 1388, the Hongwu Emperor established contact with three tribes of the Jianzhou Jurchens, the Odoli, Huligai and Tuowen and attempted to enlist them as allies against the Mongols.
		By the mid-sixteenth century, the Ming guard structure had mostly disappeared and the Jurchens were split between two confederations: the Haixi Jurchens and the Jianzhou Jurchens.
	publicliterature.org.cob-web.org:8888 /en/wikipedia/j/ji/jianzhou_jurchens.html (521 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Jianzhou Jurchens
		There was a general migration south of the various Jurchen groups around the turn of the century and the three tribes established themselves around the Tumen River (near the modern border of China, Russia and North Korea).
		Jurchen raids into Korean territory brought about joint Korean-Ming counterattacks in 1467 and 1478 which severely weakened the Jianzhou Jurchens.
		The unification of the Jianzhou Jurchens provided the basis for Nurhaci to expand his power throughout southern and central Manchuria, and to create a true Manchu state.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Jianzhou_Jurchens (666 words)

	Jurchens information - Search.com
		The 11th century Jurchen tribes of northern Manchuria descended from the Tungusic Mohe, or Malgal tribes who were subjects of the ethnically Goguryeo Bohai/Barhae state during the Tang era.
		The Jurchens then invaded territories under the Han Chinese Northern Song Dynasty and overran most of North China, first setting up puppet regimes like Qi and Chu, later directly ruling as a Chinese dynastic state named Jin ("Gold", not to be confused with the several Jin Dynasties named after the region around Shanxi and Henan).
		After conquering China, during the Jin Dynasty, the Jurchen adopted Buddhism as the state religion and Taoism was also assimilated.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Jurchens (1053 words)

	Aisin Gioro - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It is notable that the Jin dynasty (jin means gold in Chinese) of the Jurchens, ancestors of the Manchus, was known as aisin gurun, and that the Qing dynasty was initially named amaga aisin gurun, or Later Jin dynasty.
		It has been suggested that Nurhaci, the founder of the Later Jin dynasty, added aisin to his original clan name of gioro, perhaps at the same time he proclaimed his new dynasty in 1616, but there is no definitive evidence to support this proposition.
		The Jianzhou Left Guard fell into chaos in the early 16th century.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Aisin-Gioro (772 words)

	Jurchens
		The Jurchens (Chinese: 女真, pinyin: nǚzhēn) were an Tungusic people who inhabited parts of Manchuria and northern Korea until the seventeenth century, when they became the Manchus.
		The Jurchen named their dynasty the Jin ("Golden") after a river in their homeland.
		Over a period of thirty years from 1586 and with the aid of Chinese technicians and advisors, Nurhaci, a chieftain of the Jianzhou Jurchens, united the Jurchen tribes.
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/j/ju/jurchens.html (812 words)

	Manchus - Mw
		The Manchus were descendants of the Jurchens, who had conquered a vast area in northeastern Asia in the twelfth century and established the Jinn Dynasty (literally Golden Dynasty) under the Wanyan clan that ruled over Manchuria and the northern half of China until being conquered and destroyed by the Mongols under Genghis Khan.
		The Manchu language is a member of the Tungusic language group, itself a member of the disputed Altaic language family (and hypothetically related to the Korean, Mongolic and Turkic languages).
		One theory claims that the name came from the Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of Wisdom), of which Nurhaci claimed to be an incarnation.
	muslimwikipedia.com /mw/index.php/Manchus (1352 words)

	Suchen im Web, Bilder, Videos, Blog, Lexikon und mehr.
		The Jurchens (Traditional Chinese: --; Simplified Chinese: --; pinyin: nzh“n) were a Tungus people who inhabited parts of Manchuria and northern Korea until the 17th century, when they became the Manchus.
		It comes from the Jurchen word ju-en, the original meaning of which is unclear - possibly a cognate of Joseon, which successively designated several states or cultures in Manchuria or the Korean Peninsula, but this still remains highly speculative.
		The Jurchen named their dynasty the Jin ("Golden") after the Anchuhu River (anchuhu is the Jurchen equivalent of Manchu aisin "gold, golden") in their homeland - For more detailed treatment of dynastic history and administration, see Jin Dynasty.
	www.coder-world.de /cgi-bin/metaseek/lexikon.cgi?sprache=en&q=Jurchen (1751 words)

	Manchurians - Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China -- Research Into Origins Of Huns, Uygurs, ...
		Jurchens' defeat by the Mongols would be after their 119-20 years of stay in China, and by that time, they had become very much sinicized.
		The Jurchens had fights with the early 'Mengwu' people (led by Kabul-khan) in 1139 and in 1147, and they nailed Ambaki and Kabul-khan's elder son to wooden donkeys and hence were feuds of Genghis Khan's Mongols.
		Genghis Khan was wounded in Dadong and agreed to a peace with the Jurchens with the condition that the Jurchen princess be sent to him as a bride.
	www.republicanchina.org /Jurchen_Manchu.html (7529 words)

	Manchu Qing Dynasty - Part I -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Jurchen gradually and secretly built up strength, made up excuses to prevent the Khitan generals from penetrating into Jurchen territory to catch Khitan rebels, overthrew the yoke of Khitans, and set up Jurchen Jin Dynasty.
		The later Manchus could be just a kinsmen tribe of the original Jurchens, and at most descendants of the Jurchens who remained in the homeland throughout the Jurchen expansion in northern China during the period of 1115-1234 AD.
		Similar to the legends about the Jurchen founders, the ancestor of the Manchu founders, Bu-ku-li-yong-shun, had wandered into a village where he was taken in as a distinguished guest and given a woman for marriage.
	www.republicanchina.org /ManchuQing.html (13929 words)

	Brujula.Net - Your Latin Stating Point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Manchus were descendants of the Jurchen, who had conquered northeastern China in the twelfth century.
		Jianzhou Jurchens in 1635, although it may have been used as early as 1605.
		One theory claims that the name Manchu came from the Bodhisattva Manjusri (the Bodhisattva of Wisdom), of which Nurhaci claimed to be an incarnation.
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/Manchus.html (661 words)

	Manchu Encyclopedia Article @ CNVehicles.com (CN Vehicles) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		One of the tribes of the Mohe, the Heishui (Mañjuśrī) tribe, eventually became the ancestors of the Jurchens.
		The Manchus were descendants of the language, who had conquered a vast area in northeastern Asia in the twelfth century and established the Overviews (literally Golden Dynasty) under the Wanyan clan that ruled over Manchuria and the northern half of China until being conquered and destroyed by the Qing Dynasty under Yi.
		Jingpo's son Heilongjiang decided the Jurchens would call themselves Manju (Manchus) and prohibited the use of the name Jurchen.
	www.cnvehicles.com /encyclopedia/Manchu (1754 words)

	Jurchens - One Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Jurchens (Chinese: 女真, pinyin: nǚzhēn) were a Tungusic people who inhabited parts of Manchuria and northern Korea until the seventeenth century, when they became the Manchus.
		The Jurchen named their dynasty the Jin ("Golden") after a river in their homeland — For more detailed treatment of dynastic history and administration, see Jin Dynasty.
		They engaged in shamanic cults and believed in a supreme sky god (abka-i enduri, abka-i han).
	www.onelang.com /encyclopedia/index.php/Jurchen (848 words)

	Manchu Summary
		During the Jin dynasty, Jurchen official documents were transcribed using a modified form of the Khitan script.
		Manchuria was the homeland of Korean such as Gojoseon, Buyeo, Mohe, Goguryeo, Balhae, Joseon and Jurchens.
		At that time, Jurchens is also citizen of Gojoseon, but after the destruction of Gojoseon, they had a indepedence.
	www.bookrags.com /Manchu (1757 words)

	Amazon.com: "Jianzhou Jurchens": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Jianzhou chieftain Nurgaci had announced himself khan and formed a regime announcing itself as "fin," the name of the...
		The Jianzhou Jurchens from among whom the early Qing state arose, for instance, were part of the eastern Jurchens - those who were...
		The Jianzhou Jurchens, named for one of the Ming commanderies, originally lived mainly in the eastern portions of the region, on the lower...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Jianzhou-Jurchens (483 words)

	Jurchen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		When you are first discovering what Jurchen is all about the thing to keep in mind is to not become overwhelmed!
		It is a curious fact that in Manchu, the linear descendant of Jurchen, juÅ¡en occurs in many compounds denoting "slaves" and "serfs", such as juÅ¡en halangga niyalma "a serf of the Manchus." [1]
		Jurchen Jurchens during the Ming Jurchens during the Ming
	easy-credit-card.rubylq2.com /Jurchen (1834 words)

	Korean and Manchu - Asia Finest Discussion Forum
		1616-September 30, 1626) was the chieftain of a Jurchen tribe in northeastern Manchuria.
		However, the Jurchens that followed him were distinct from Koreans, that is why the Jin forced Korea into vassalage rather than incorporating them into the empire.
		The Jurchens living north of the Amur river were known as wild Jurchens, they formed the main attack force, probrably very close cousins of Nenets and Nanai.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?act=findpost&pid=1569040 (1596 words)

	phorum - Our World Forum at Asiawind - Re: ok a little less than 300
		The Jurchen language, related to Manchurian, is officially declared extinct by the United Nations.
		And since you two don't read Chinese the 'han' translated by Chinese on the Jurchens means 'sweat' and the rest of the world name it as Khan.
		Hakka with traces of the Jurchens, the Qing or the Manchus :)
	www.asiawind.com /forums/read.php?f=3&i=186970&t=186677&v=f&phorum_auth=82a529f86e12cdef5d4b40a4229bc9d3 (8340 words)

	Asia Finest Discussion Forum > Korean and Manchu
		Ancient Jurchens and today's Korean Kim clan can trace their origin in Siberia,not Central Asia/Mongolia Steppes as some nationalist Koreans falsely claim of PURE Mongol origin for ALL Korean nationals.
		The are originally from SW manchuria, and are most likely the Jurchens that refused to join Nurhaci.
		the wanyan clan is from 'raw jurchen', a tribe which lived further north of koryo's border.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/lofiversion/index.php/t64855.html (3479 words)

	phorum - Our World Forum at Asiawind - The use of "han" by the Jurchens.
		All posters should read, understand and agree to the forum policy and etiquette before posting.
		Re: The use of "han" by the Jurchens.
		Re: The relatives of the Last Emperor changed their surname
	www.asiawind.com /forums/read.php?f=3&i=186677&t=186677 (1035 words)

	Ming Empire 1368-1644 by Sanderson Beck
		The Manchu leader Nurhaci was born in 1559 in the Jianzhou tribe among the Jurchens.
		Nurhaci made alliances with other Jurchens by marrying two of their princesses.
		Nurhaci organized the Jurchen people into companies of three hundred households and four banners of fifty companies.
	www.san.beck.org /3-7-MingEmpire.html (23715 words)

	Shenyang Things to Do Tips by mke1963 - VirtualTourist.com
		For many centuries, the north-east of China had been in constant turmoil as different ethnic groups, including the Chinese and the Jurchens wrestled for control over the fertile plains.
		One local Jurchen king, Nurhaci established his Later Jin kingdom in Laocheng, Xinbin County, to unite the Jianzhou and Haixi tribes.
		In 1635, Huangtaiji changed the name of the burgeoning empire from the Jurchen to the Manchu: one theory behind the name change is that it was out of respect for his father, who had claimed to be an incarnation of the Bodhisattva of Wisdom, Manjusri.
	members.virtualtourist.com /m/68d05/f4d1c/4 (2565 words)

	Manchu: Encyclopedia II - Manchu - Origins (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Manchus were descendants of the Jurchen ethnic group, who had conquered northeastern China in the twelfth century.
		Nurhaci originated in present-day North Korea near the Paektu/Changbai Mountains (Koryo dynasty period).
		Nurhaci's son Hong Taiji decided the Jurchens would call themselves Manchus and prohibited t...
	www.experiencefestival.com.cob-web.org:8888 /a/Manchu_-_Origins/id/1743269 (707 words)

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