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	Jie (ruler) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jie ( Chinese : æ¡), also spelled Chieh, was the last emperor of the Xia dynasty of China, and is blamed for its fall.
		Some scientists correlate this event with a volcanic winter, possibly due to the eruption of Thera c.
		Around 1700 BC, Tang, a leader of the Shang people to the east, succeeded in defeating Jie, bringing an end to the Xia dynasty and founding the Shang dynasty.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jie_(Xia_dynasty_ruler) (145 words)

	qing.htm(FCCS)
		Jie was a follower of a ruler who was wrongly ousted from his kingdom.
		Jie was a patriot and he was known for his faithfulness to his ruler.
		At one point, Jie even saved his ruler's life by offering him the flesh from his own leg, while the man was on the brink of starvation.
	www.interlog.com /~fccs/qing.htm (789 words)

	Chinese Dynasties Project
		King Xia Jie was rather obsessed and desired to please himself and his wife.
		Another legend said that Xia Jie, otherwise known as Lu Kui was obsessed with Mei Xi, the daughter of the Youshi family, and pleased her with whatever she wanted.
		Jie answered, "I possess the country as the sky possesses the sun; it is only when the sun perishes that I will perish," and killed Guan-Long Feng.
	bethany.mca.org.tw /secondary/g7/dynasty-project/Xia/Xia.htm (1540 words)

	Xunzi (Hsün Tzu) [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		The ruler could lose his state through failing in his duties as a sovereign, but he could not be replaced at the whim of the people.
		The lowest is the ruler who relies on military power to expand his territory, taxes excessively without regard for whether his people have enough to sustain themselves, and keeps them in line with laws and punishments.
		In Confucian thought, the most important role of the ruler is that of moral example, which is why the best government was that of a sage who followed the ritual principles of the Way.
	www.iep.utm.edu /x/xunzi.htm (5952 words)

	Jie the Tyrant
		King Jie should keep in mind how hard his ancestors had worked to establish the dynasty, the minister said, other wise the country was doomed.
		Jie flew into a rage and ordered his attendants to wrest the scroll from Guan and throw it into the fire.
		Jie was forced to flee, but was captured by Tang and kept in exile till he died.
	www.shme.com /culture/legend/xia.htm (776 words)

	Romance of Three Kingdoms - by Luo Guanzhong - History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The successors of Shennong were all rulers of inferior ability, and unable to check the encroachments of the savage tribes whose subjugation was left to Huang Di, or the Yellow Emperor.
		Yu, as ruler, desired to maintain the closest relations with his people, and caused to be hung at the entrance to his court five instruments---a drum, a gong, a stone instrument, a bell, and a rattle.
		It was not uncommon for the ruler of a stronger state to wage war against a weaker one for the purpose of capturing a beautiful queen.
	www.threekingdoms.com /history.htm (16796 words)

	Jie (Xia dynasty ruler) - Wikipedia
		WÃ¤hle â Jie (Xia dynasty ruler) suchen â um nach Jie (Xia dynasty ruler) zu suchen.
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		Ein WÃ¶rterbucheintrag zu Jie (Xia dynasty ruler) hat seinen Platz im Wiktionary ( Wiktionary).
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jie_(Xia_dynasty_ruler) (145 words)

	Jie - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jie ( Chinese : æ¡), last ruler of the Xia dynasty
		the Jie ( Chinese : ç¾¯) ethnic group of the 3rd and 4th centuries AD the jie ( Chinese : è¡—) or jiedaobanshichu ( Chinese : è¡—é“åäºå¤), the subdistrict administrative/political unit of China
		This is a disambiguation page â” a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jie (112 words)

	QING MING JIE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Qing Ming Jie is a period to remember, honour and pay respect to one's deceased ancestors and family members.
		Later the lord became the ruler of a small principality, he invited Jie to follow him.
		However, Jie declined, preferring to lead a seculded life with his mother in the mountains.
	www.geocities.com /Paris/Parc/1486/festival/qingming.html (327 words)

	Laozi
		As the political conditions deteriorated, philosophers and strategists vied to convince the rulers of the various states of their program to bring order to the land.
		Perhaps the Laozi in chapter 65 of the current text did mean to tell the ruler literally to keep the people ignorant or stupid for better control, which as a piece of political advice is not that extraordinary.
		In many chapters, the text seems to be addressing the ruler or the ruling elite, explaining to them the ideal government of the Daoist sage.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/laozi (13445 words)

	Legends: Jie the Tyrant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the state of Youshi (in today's southern Shandong province) to the east of Xia was a woman named Meixi famed for her beauty.
		Another minister named Guan Longfeng, sickened by his monarch's behavior, went to him a few days later with a scroll on which was painted a portrait of Yu the Great, founder of the dynasty, curbing the flood waters that had ravaged the land.
		King Jie should keep in mind how hard his ancestors had worked to establish the dynasty, the minister said, otherwise the country was doomed.
	www.britishbornchinese.org.uk /pages/culture/legends/jie.html (776 words)

	Chinese Xia Shang History -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Shang-tang defeated Jie at the ruins of You-song (Yuncheng, Shanxi Prov); Jie fled to Mingtiao (ancient Puzhou prefecture) where he was defeated again by Shang-Tang; Shang-Tang continued on to defeat Jie at Sanchun (Dingtao or Jiyin of ancient Caozhou); and Jie fled to You-cao or Caohu Lake of Anhui Prov in the southeast.
		His wife, together with the wife of last Xia Lord Jie in the past and the wife of King Youwang of Western Zhou Dynasty in the future, would be condemned as the "female disater water" that is ironically the immortal topic of all decadent dynasties in China's history.
		In times of Yao-Shun-Yu and consequent Xia-Shang- Zhou Dynasties, the last ruler would usually be absolved from death and usually be sent into banishment or granted a small patch of land for extending the lineage.
	www.uglychinese.org /xiashang.htm (11783 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		"Rulers who won the country by civil means should compose civil dances, while those who took over the country with force should compose martial dances." This set rule was to be carried on in all following feudal dynasties.
		The rulers of later times tried several times to inject fresh blood into this music by introducing pop music and even the music from the western minority groups, such as the Bayu Dance introduced in the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty dance of Emperor Qing Conquering the Battle Array.
		It was with this championship of the rulers who believed in Buddhism that Buddhist music and dance thrived.
	www.zjol.com.cn /gb/node2/node138665/node139012/node249195/node249203/userobject15ai3216045.html (17709 words)

	Lowell2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In spite of the emergence of new Daoist revelatory traditions and practices during the intervening three centuries, especially in the south, early Song rulers and priests generally sought to reassemble and promote the forms of Daoism that their Tang predecessors had codified.
		By the end of the Northern Song in the first quarter of the twelfth century, the failure of classical Daoist traditions to repel encroachments by both invading Jurchen troops and new revelatory traditions and deity cults led to a military and spiritual breaching of the walls of the imperial central court.
		Therefore, the heart-mind is the ruler of the qi and qi are the envoys of the heart-mind.
	venus.unive.it /pregadio/aas/skar.html (8595 words)

	A Red Flower with Fragrant Dews
		It was said that Qi, first emperor of the Xia Dynasty, had enjoyed in his palace thousands of dancing sleeves.
		Jie, last ruler of the Xia Dynasty, had 30,000 women dancers.
		The major reason for the collapse of rites and the disappearance of Elegant Music in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was of course the declining power of the Zhou rulers.
	home.seechina.com.cn /html/dance/1jywd-e.html (1926 words)

	Chapter 9: Lesson 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The last Xia ruler, Jie, was an evil king.
		They also helped their Shang rulers by patrolling the country's borders, guarding them against raiders from the west.
		They believed that tian required this especially of the king, whom they called the "son of heaven." If a king ruled well, he earned heaven's support, called the "mandate of heaven." If he ruled poorly or was evil, he lost the mandate of heaven and was overthrown.
	www.newton.mec.edu /oakhill/sixtwo/message/chl1.htm (2406 words)

	Jie (ruler) -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Jie (ruler) -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Some scientists correlate this event with a (Click link for more info and facts about volcanic winter) volcanic winter, possibly due to the eruption of (Click link for more info and facts about Thera) Thera c.
		Around 1700 BC, Tang, a leader of the Shang people to the east, succeeded in defeating Jie, bringing an end to the Xia dynasty and founding the (The imperial dynasty ruling China from about the 18th to the 12th centuries BC) Shang dynasty.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/J/Ji/Jie_(ruler).htm (146 words)

	TORONTO CHINESE DANCE COMPANY - TORONTO CHINESE DANCE ACADEMY
		From major tombs of slave owners excavated so far, refined music instrument, dance props and skeletons of dance slaves are often discovered.
		By the Zhou Dynasty [1027-771 B.C.], Women Music was even more popular The major reason for the collapse of rites and the disappearance of Elegant Music in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was of course the declining power of the Zhou rulers.
		But in the aesthetic field, the prosperity of Women Music as the contrary of the Elegant Music (the Women Music was also called the "New Music" as in contrast to the ancient music) was actually an important element.
	www.chinesedance.com /danceBookEnglish/chineseDance_1_3.html (2492 words)

	The Epoch Times \| Epoch Times Commentaries on the Communist Party — Part 6
		Accepting the mandate of heaven means that rulers have to be wise, follow the Tao and be attuned to destiny.
		The traditional culture stresses “loyalty.” Nevertheless, “the people are of supreme importance; the nation comes next; last comes the ruler.” The “loyalty” preferred by the CCP is “blind devotion”—so completely blind that people are required to believe in the CCP unconditionally and obey it unquestioningly.
		[4] Cangjie or Cang Jie is a fabled and legendary figure from ancient China, is said to have been the Yellow Emperor's official historian, and the inventor of the Chinese characters.
	english.epochtimes.com /news/4-12-20/25087.html (12464 words)

	Mencius 孟子 \| Mencius 1A 梁惠王上
		The one who kills the ruler of a state with ten thousand chariots is always from a lineage with one thousand chariots.
		The one who kills the ruler of a state with one thousand chariots is always from a lineage with one hundred chariots.
		These rulers were known as ba 霸 (you might see this translated as “hegemons” or “lords protector”; I will occasionally opt for “warlord”); Dukes Huan and Wen were supposed to have been two of the most important among them.
	www.hku.hk /philodep/courses/dr/mencius/mencius/mencius-01.html (3780 words)

	C:\380web\Handout2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The last ruler, Jie, is said to have been supremely evil.
		As sage ruler who, with his sage minister, a man named Yi Yin, deposed the last ruler of the Xia by conquest and founded a new dynasty.
		The last ruler, Zhòu, caused the dynasty's downfall through his evil character.
	www.indiana.edu /~g380/Handout2.html (336 words)

	Chinese Numismatics in Research µØ®L¬u³f·J¦Ò)
		became the first ruler of the Xia dynasty for his hard working of building canels to control the floods caused by the Yellow River.
		For the past 3000 years of recorded history, Yellow River had changed their courses for 1500 times before they had reached the Gulf of Bohai.
		Ji Fa became the ruler of Zhou dynasty which could be devided into two periods, Western Zhou
	ykleungt.tripod.com /chistory.htm (1351 words)

	Chinese history:Xia Dynasty
		Tradition has it that in the 16th century BC, the last ruler of Xia, Jie, abused his power and increased oppression.
		Filled with hatred for Jie, the people could no longer put up with his despotic rule and fled in large numbers.
		Even his court officials cursed him and wished his death, although that might mean that they themselves would perish.
	www.chinavoc.com /history/xia.htm (350 words)

	Jie Xia dynasty ruler - Definition up Erdmond.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Jie Xia dynasty ruler - Definition up Erdmond.Com
		Around 1700 BC, Tang, a leader of the Shang people to the east, succeeded in defeating Jie, bringing an end to the Xia dynasty and founding the the Shang_dynasty.
		A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
	www.erdmond.com /Jie_(Xia_dynasty_ruler).html (97 words)

	Station Information - Xia Dynasty
		Xie Jie, the last ruler, was said to be a corrupted king.
		Jie (桀 jie2) or Xia Jie (夏桀 xia4 jie2) or Luu Gui (履癸 luu3 gui3)
		See also: Chinese history - Chinese sovereign - Chinese mythology
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/x/xi/xia_dynasty.html (242 words)

	Three Kingdoms_Rate & Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The 'Yuwu' and 'Dawu' dances, which are performed at intervals as offering sacrifices to the gods, tell the stories of the founder of the Shang Dynasty(c.
		16th- 11th century B.C.) General Tang punitive expedition against Tyrant Jie, ruler of the Xia Dynasty (c.2lst-l6th century B.C)and the founder of the Zhou Dynasty (e.llth century-256B,C) General wu's punitive expedition against Tyrant Zhou, ruler of the Yin Dynasty(the later period of the Shang Dynasty).
		During the 'Three Kingdoms' warship's voyages, seminars will be held on such topics as the relations between Three Kingdoms and politics, economy and modem war.
	www.china-yangtzecruise.com /htmls/swyl/4xing/sg0.htm (384 words)

	Dynasties of China: Shang Dynasty
		At the end of the Xia, the last ruler Jie was a tyrant who made his people live in misery.
		The chief of the Shang tribe, Tang, led an insurgent army and overthrew the Xia Dynasty (The 21st to the 17th century BC).
		He was an aspirant and benevolent king and always endeavored to make his kingdom strong.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/shang/index.htm (891 words)

	Li Sao
		For the olden days he portrays the rule of the three emperors Tang (Yao), Yu (Shun) (and Xia Yu); for latter days he portrays the disorders of Jie (last ruler of the Xia), Zhou (last ruler of the Shang), (Lord) Yi and (Strongman) Jiao.
		Yi, a descendent of the famous archer Hou Yi, usurped power from Xiang, a descendent (son?) of Qi, the founder of the Xia dynasty; Yi was in turn murdered by his wife in league with Han Zhuo.
		Jiao, a son of Han Zhuo, apparently took part, but was later killed in revenge by a son of the murdered ruler.
	www.silkqin.com /02qnpu/07sqmp/sq57ls.htm (1578 words)

	"Sangou" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		16th - 11th century B. C.) General Tang's punitive expedition against Tyrant Jie, ruler of the Xia Dynasty (c.
		11th century - 256 B. C.) General Wu's punitive expedition against Tyrant Zhou, ruler of the Yin Dynasty (the later period of the Shang Dynasty).
		During each of the "Three Kingdoms" warship's voyages, seminars will be held on such topics as the relations between Three Kingdoms and politics, economy, modern war.
	www.yangtzecruises.com /html/sg_dscrp.html (441 words)

	Mirabilis.ca: April 2004 Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Exquisitely carved in precise high relief, the 80-centimeter-wide (31.5-inch) stone depicts the Maya king seated on an earth symbol and throne with a jaguar skin, installing subordinate rulers in the nearby city-state of Machaquila.
		The pagan Poles bickered with nature — Dingen — by means of pouring water and switching with willows to make themselves pure and worthy of the coming year.
		Tradition also states that the first Polish ruler Prince Mieszko The First (960-992), along with his court was baptized on Easter Monday in 966.
	www.mirabilis.ca /archives/2004_04.html (13554 words)

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