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	Jin Dynasty, China Jin History, Chinese Dynasties, Ancient China History
		The Jin (or Kin) Dynasty was a regime established by the Jurchen (Nuzhen) tribe.
		In effect, surrounded by Mongolia to the north, the Western Xia to the west, and the Southern Song to the south, the Jin was in an unfavourable situation.
		The emperor of the Jin fled to Caizhou (Runan County in Henan Province).
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/jin_dynasty (1445 words)

	Chinese History - Jin Dynasty (Jurchen) é‘ (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		Offspring of the Tungus branch of the Altaic people, and ancestor of the Manchu that should eventually found the Qing Dynasty æ¸, the Jurchen ruler Wanyan Aguda å®é¡é¿éª¨æ“ proclaimed himself as emperor of a Jin Dynasty é‘ in 1115.
		And, very similar to their forerunners in north China (the Liao Dynasty), the Jin government was slain by economical desasters at the eve of the Mongol conquest.
		With the Jin Dynasty's fall, Southern Song China was open for the conquerors.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Song/jinn.html (278 words)

	Xi Jin Dynasty (265-316 A.D.)
		Jin Wu Di fled from Le Yang due to the invasion of the Huns (Hungarians).
		Jin Hui Di Jin Hui Di was not a bright king.
		Jin Huai Di Leyang was conquered, and the king captured (311 A.D.)
	www.yutopian.com /history/xijin.html (278 words)

	About China-History-Jin Dynasty
		Jin was historically divided into two periods: the Western Jin (265 - 316) with Luoyang as its capital city and Eastern Jin as Jiankang (present Nanjing in Jiangsu Province) became the capital city.
		Jin Dynasty was the only period, which unified the country during the period between the Wei, the Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420 - 589), though this kind of achievement was not lasting.
		Historically the dynasty is known as the "Western Jin Dynasty" and Sima Yan was known as Emperor Wu.
	www.toureasy.net /html/aboutchina/ChineseHistory/Jin.htm (1289 words)

	Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Jin Dynasty (金 pinyin: Jīn 1115-1234; Anchu in Jurchen), also known as the Jurchen dynasty, was founded by the (完顏 Wányán) clan of the Jurchen, the ancestors of the Manchus who established the Qing Dynasty some 500 years later.
		In 1214 the Jin Dynasty moved its capital to Kaifeng (the old Song capital) to evade the Mongols; but under the forces of the Mongol Empire led by Ögedei Khan, third son of Genghis Khan, as well as their allies in the Southern Song Dynasty, the dynasty crumbled in 1234.
		Later Jin was renamed the Qing Dynasty in 1636, and went on to conquer China proper and become the last dynasty of Imperial China.
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Jin_Dynasty_(1115-1234) (425 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Jin Dynasty (1115-1234)
		The Jin Dynasty (金 pinyin: Jīn 1115-1234; Anchu in Jurchen), also known as the Jurchen dynasty, was founded by the Wanyan (完顏 Wányán) clan of the Jurchen, the ancestors of the Manchus who established the Qing Dynasty some 500 years later.
		In 1214 the Jin Dynasty moved its capital to Kaifeng (the old Song capital) to evade the Mongols; but under the forces of the Mongol Empire led by Ögedei Khan, third son of Genghis Khan, as well as their allies in the Southern Song Dynasty, the dynasty crumbled in 1234.
		Later Jin was renamed the Qing Dynasty in 1636, and went on to conquer China proper and become the last dynasty of Imperial China.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Jin_Dynasty_%281115-1234%29 (504 words)

	Qing Dynasty - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Declared as the Later Jin Dynasty in 1616, it changed its name in 1636 to "Qing", and conquered all of China in 1644, ruling it until 1912.
		The Qing Dynasty was founded not by the Han Chinese people who form the overwhelming majority of the population of China proper, but by the Manchus, a semi-nomadic people not even known by that name when they first rose to prominence in what is now northeastern China.
		Taking advantage of the political instability and popular rebellions convulsing the Ming dynasty, the highly organized military forces of the Manchus swept into the Ming capital of Beijing in 1644, and there remained until the Qing dynasty was overthrown in a revolution in 1911, with the last emperor abdicating early in 1912.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /qing_dynasty.htm (4520 words)

	Jin Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Unity was restored briefly in the early years of the Jin dynasty when Sima Yan (236-290), the eldest son of Sima Zhao (the effective ruler of Wei at the time of the conquest of Shu) forced the Wei Emperor to abdicate and founded the Jin Dynasty.
		Jin Emperor Sima Yan (Wu Di In 265 Sima usurped the Wei throne, proclaiming the Jin dynasty.
		The collapse of the Western Jin Dynasty led to a division between Southern and Northern China, marked by barbarian invasions and rule that was to last from 304 to 589 AD.
	xie.dyndns.org /~chineseeyes/jin.htm (2254 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Jurchen
		The Jurchen named their dynasty the Jin ("Golden") after a river in their homeland — For more detailed treatment of dynastic history and administration, see Jin Dynasty.
		By 1215, under Mongol pressure, they were forced to move their capital south from Beijing to Kaifeng, where the Mongols extinguished the Jin dynasty in 1234.
		Chinese chroniclers of the Ming Dynasty distinguished three groups of Jurchens: the Wild Jurchens of northernmost Manchuria, the Haixi Jurchens of modern Heilongjiang and the Jianzhou Jurchens of modern Jilin province.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Jurchen (977 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Song_Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The intervening years, known as the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, were a time of division between north and south and of rapidly changing administrations.
		The northern Jin dynasty was overrun by the Mongols in 1234, who subsequently took control of northern China and maintained uneasy relations with the Southern Song court (A hasty peace treaty was settled, when Kublai Khan received the news of MÃ¶ngee's death, the ruler of the Mongols.
		The Song dynasty is notable for the development of cities not only for administrative purposes but also as centers of trade, industry, and maritime commerce.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Song_Dynasty (1320 words)

	phorum - Overseas Chinese Forum at Asiawind - Chinese surname JIN - John
		The surname of all the rulers of the Qing Dynasty was Ai-Xin-Jiao-Luo (·R-·s-Ä±-Ã¹).
		In 1999 Jin Yu Zhang was appointed the deputy Distrct Officer of the district of Sui Wen.
		Jin Sheng Tan, a literary critic and a poet, was born in Wu Xian (§d¿¤) of Jiangsu province (¦¿Ä¬¬Ù).
	www.asiawind.com /forums/read.php?f=4&i=1606&t=1605 (1154 words)

	Chinese History - Jin Dynasty æ (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		The Jin Dynasty - founded by Sima Yan å¸é¦¬ç and named after an old state of the Warring States Period æ°å - is divided into two parts called Western Jin (Xijin è¥¿æ) and Eastern Jin (Dongjin æ±æ), names that follow the traditional division of Han in Western è¥¿æ¼¢ and Eastern Han æ±æ¼¢.
		But unlike the Han Dynasty that was simply continued after a short interlude of the usurper Wang Mang çè½, the shift of the capital from Luoyang to Jiankang å»ºåº· (modern Nanjing å—äº¬/Jiangsu) reflects a process that destroyed the whole political, social and economic system of north China.
		The Eastern Jin was the first of a couple of dynasties (Southern Dynasties å—æ) that developed a culture different from that of northern China.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Division/jin.html (220 words)

	Qing Dynasty at AllExperts
		During its reign, the Qing Dynasty consolidated its grip on the East Asian continent, integrated with Chinese culture, and saw the height of Imperial Chinese influence.
		The Qing Dynasty was founded not by the Han Chinese, who form the majority of the Chinese population, but the Manchus, today an ethnic minority in China.
		The Qing dynasty was characterized by a system of dual appointments by which each position in the central government had a Manchu and a Han assigned to it.
	en.allexperts.com /e/q/qi/qing_dynasty.htm (6379 words)

	Three Kingdoms Novel and History - Introduction to the Jin Dynasty
		In the year 300, the War of the Eight Kings erupted, weakening Jin’s internal strength, and setting the stage for Chang'an to be sacked by Xiongnu invaders in 311.
		Several attempts were made to reconquer the north, and one famous attempt was made by the north to conquer Eastern Jin in 383 led by the Qi emperor Fu Jian, which led to utter defeat for Fu and the conquest of all his territories by Eastern Jin.
		Unfortunately, Jin did not have the manpower to hold all these newly conquered lands and it led to several rebellions from its frontier generals.
	www.kongming.net /novel/writings/jin (483 words)

	Song Dynasty Chinese Ceramics in The Alberto Manuel Cheung Gallery on the Web
		This type of Jingdezhen white ware marked the transition between stoneware to porcelain in the early 10th C. Five Dynasties (AD 907-960).
		Jin Dynasty (AD1115-1234) D. 6.75 in (17.14 cm), H. 2.68 in (6.8 cm).
		Jin to Yuan (13th - 14th C.) H. 4 in (10 cm), H. 3.5 in (8.9 cm).
	www.albertomanuelcheung.com /ceramics.htm (299 words)

	Western Jin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 265, Sima Yan dethroned the Wei Emperor and established the Jin Dynasty, historically known as the Western Jin.
		Although the Western Jin survived for mere 52 years, it ended the split Three Kingdoms Period and unified China, providing an opportunity for social and economic development with temporary stability.
		During the short reign, the Western Jin underwent 16 years of wars among eight princes known as the Disturbance of the Eight Princes, which reflected the fierce conflicts that existed within the ruling class.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_22759.htm (278 words)

	Splintering of Daoism during the Jin Dynasty
		During the Western Jin dynasty, the Five Pecks of Rice Tradition started to spread in the Xu realm, a traditional sphere of influence of the Supreme Peace Tradition.
		In the less than 200 years of the Western and Eastern Jin dynasties, there were so many uprisings carried out in Daoism's name, among which the Yellow Turban and the Sun En rebellion almost toppled the Eastern Han and Eastern Jin regimes respectively, so that the rulers realized that they had to find a solution.
		During the Western and Eastern Jin dynasties, Daoism was progressing upward to the ruling class.
	www.eng.taoism.org.hk /general-daoism/development-of-daoism/pg1-2-3-3.asp (1316 words)

	Sixteen States Period (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Jin Dynasty Chronology Since the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period, the nomads in the northern frontier had been moving and settling in the internal land of China on a massive scale.
		The dynasty is normally described as being a kingdom of the Di nationality.
		In 383 AD he did indeed attack the Jin Dynasty along the line of the Huai, but on the upper reaches of the river he suffered a disaster from which his might was never to recover.
	xie.dyndns.org /~chineseeyes/16stat.htm (4812 words)

	Leslie Sacks Fine Art - Jin Background
		The Jin Dynasty was relatively short and turbulent.
		The Lugou Bridge is an exquisite example of Jin architecture, with ornamental columns and sculptures demonstrating the practical application of aesthetics.
		The Jin Dynasty also continued to produce wares - vessels were glazed with yellow, green and brown colors (produced by ferric and ferrous oxides, lead and vegetable charcoal combined with soda-lime).
	www.lesliesacks.com /gallery/artistPages/jin/jinbio.htm (266 words)

	Qing Dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For example, General "Chinese" Gordon, later killed by the isolationist Mahdi Army in the Sudan, is often credited as having saved the Manchu dynasty from the Taiping insurrection.
		Several modernized armies were formed including the much renowned Beiyang Army; however the fleets of "Beiyang" were annihilated in the Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895), which produced calls for greater and more extensive reform.
		As Qing power expanded north of the great wall during the last years of the Ming dynasty, this social military system was expanded by Nurhachi's son and successor Hong Taiji to include parallel Mongolian and Chinese banners.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Qing (5093 words)

	Imperial Eras
		The Han rulers modified some of the harsher aspects of the previous dynasty; Confucian ideals of government, out of favor during the Qin period, were adopted as the creed of the Han empire, and Confucian scholars gained prominent status as the core of the civil service.
		The Han dynasty, after which the members of the ethnic majority in China, the "people of Han," are named, was notable also for its military prowess.
		Unity was restored briefly in the early years of the Jin dynasty (A.D. 265-420), but the Jin could not long contain the invasions of the nomadic peoples.
	www-chaos.umd.edu /history/imperial.html (968 words)

	jin dynasty
		The Jin Dynasty (1115-1234; Anchu in Jurchen), also known as the Jurchen dynasty, was founded by the Wanyanclan of the Jurchen, the ancestors of the Manchus who established the Qing Dynasty some 500 years later.
		Founded in 1115 in northern Manchuria, it successfully annihilated in 1125 the Liao Dynasty which had held sway over Manchuria and the northern frontier of China for several centuries.
		On January 9, 1127 Jin forces ransacked Kaifeng, capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, capturing both Emperor Qinzong, and his father, Emperor Huizong, who had abdicated in panic in the face of Jin forces.
	www.hceis.com /ChinaBasic/History/Jin1dynasty%20history.htm (332 words)

	ipedia.com: Qing Dynasty Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Qing was the last imperial dynasty of China, its emperors occupying their capital, Beijing, from 1644 until 1912, when, in the aftermath of the 1911 revolution, a new Republic of China was established and the the last emperor abdicated.
		It was founded not by the Han Chinese people who form the overwhelming majority of the population of China proper, but by the Manchus, a semi-nomadic people not even known by that name when they first rose to prominence in what is now northeastern China.
		In the late 19th century another leader emerged in the Qing to finally bring the dynasty to an end.
	www.ipedia.com /qing_dynasty.html (3849 words)

	Manchu (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Manchus were able to set up their own dynasty Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) by overthrowing Liao Dynasty in Manchuria.
		However, their dynasty was shortlived as it was anniliated by Ogetai Khan's Mongolian cavalries and became part of Yuan Dynasty.
		Near the end of the Qing dynasty, Manchus were portrayed as outside colonizers by Chinese nationalists such as Sun Yat-Sen.
	www.theezine.net /m/manchu.html (415 words)

	Manichaen Input to Chinese Culture and Art
		His father, Patil (Pattikos in the hellenized form) was native of Hamadan, and his mother, Maryam was a member of the princely family related to the ruling Arsacid Dynasty.
		Chinese scholars have begun to trace the genesis of Manichaeism in China and discovered the presence of its culture as early as the post-han period, around the 4th century.
		(Jin Shu, Juan 86) Another man Hou Ziguang, also of the Jin Dynasty, said he was the son of the Budha coming from a foreign country named Daqin.
	www.ibiblio.org /radha/rpub014.htm (1380 words)

	Encyclopedia [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Chinese emperorThe king or wang (王 wang2) was the Chinese head of state from the Zhou to Qin dynasties.
		During the rule of Mongols, there were strong feelings against the rule of "the foreigners" among the populace, which finally led to a peasant revolt that pushed the Yuan...
		In the succeeding dynasty, the ChineseWhen used as an adjective, Chinese refers to anything that originates from China, e.g., Chinese cuisine.
	www.wikimirror.com /encyclopedia (13785 words)

	Jurchens (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Jurchen named their dynasty the Jin ("Golden") after a river in their homeland — For more detailed treatment of dynastic history and administration, see Jin Dynasty.
		By 1215, under Mongol pressure, they were forced to move their capital south from Beijing to Kaifeng, where the Mongols extinguished the Jin dynasty in 1234.
		Chinese chroniclers of the Ming Dynasty distinguished three groups of Jurchens: the Wild Jurchens of northernmost Manchuria, the Haixi Jurchens of modern Heilongjiang and the Jianzhou Jurchens of modern Jilin province.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/J/Jurchens.htm (894 words)

	Bambooweb: Shang Dynasty
		Shang Dynasty (Chinese: 商朝) or Yin Dynasty (殷代) (1600 BC - 1046 BC) followed the legendary Xia Dynasty and preceded Zhou Dynasty in China.
		Information about the Shang Dynasty comes from bronze artifacts and oracle bones, which are turtle shells on which were written the first recorded Chinese characters, found in the Huang He valley.
		These bones typically had three sections: a question for the oracle, the oracle's answer, and whether the oracle later proved to be correct.
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/s/h/Shang_Dynasty.html (937 words)

	China, Jin dynasty (1115-1234) / Brocade with Djeiran Gazing at the Moon / 1115 - 1234
		China, Jin dynasty (1115-1234) / Brocade with Djeiran Gazing at the Moon / 1115 - 1234
		Context: One of the exciting recent discoveries in the field of early Chinese textiles is a group of silk and gold brocades woven during the Jin dynasty.
		In order to prevent the silk ground around the brocaded areas from puckering as the gold wefts were inserted into the weave, silk wefts were floated from time to time across the reverse sideof the brocaded areas.
	www.davidrumsey.com /amico/amico12101113-38036.html (555 words)

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