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Topic: Joachim II of Brandenburg

	Joachim II of Brandenburg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Joachim II, nicknamed "Hector", was a margrave of Brandenburg and an Imperial Elector from the Hohenzollern dynasty.
		Joachim I had had his sons sign an inheritance contract to remain Catholic; had Joachim II not signed this pact, he would likely have been passed over in the line of inheritance.
		Joachim II's first marriage was to Magdalene of Saxony.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Joachim_II (234 words)

	JOACHIM II. - LoveToKnow Article on JOACHIM II.
		(1505-1571), surnamed Hector, elector of Brandenbuig, the elder son of Joachim I., elector of Brandenburg, was born on the 13th of January 1505.
		Joachim took a prominent part in imperial politics as an advocate of peace, though with a due regard for the interests of the house of Habsburg.
		Joachim, who was a prince of generous and cultured tastes, died at Kopenick on the 3rd of January 157f, and was succeeded by his son, John George.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /J/JO/JOACHIM_II_.htm (613 words)

	JOACHIM I. OF BRANDENBURG - LoveToKnow Article on JOACHIM I. OF BRANDENBURG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In various passages in Joachim's writings the clerical hierarchy is represented by Rachel and the contemplative order by her son Joseph, and Rachel is destined to efface herself before her son.
		JOACHIM, JOSEPH (18311907), German violinist and composer, was born at Kit tsee, near Pressburg, on the 28th of June 1831, the son of Jewish parents.
		Joachims place in musical history as a composer can only be properly appreciated in the light of his intimate relations with Brahms, with whom he studiously refrained from putting himself into independent rivalry, and to whose work as a composer he gave the co-operation of one who might himself have ranked as a master.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /J/JO/JOACHIM_I_OF_BRANDENBURG.htm (2678 words)

	Brandenburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		After World War II Brandenburg west of the Oder River was constituted as a separate Land on the dissolution of Prussia.
		Frederick II Iron Tooth (reigned 1440–70) curbed the rebellious nobles and the towns and was periodically disturbed by wars with the neighbouring Pomeranians, over whom his brother and successor, Albert III Achilles (reigned 1470–86), finally established suzerainty.
		Joachim I (reigned 1499–1535) introduced the Roman law into Brandenburg; under his sons and heirs, Elector Joachim II and John, Lutheranism was accepted and the lands of secularized bishoprics were taken over by the dynasty.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/Brandenburg/Brandenburg.html (1001 words)

	Joachim II Hektor (1505-1571) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Elector of Brandenburg who, while supporting the Holy Roman Emperor, tolerated the Reformation in his lands and resisted imperial efforts at re-Catholicization.
		The elder son of Joachim I, Joachim II was given the Old (Altmark) and Middle Marks of Brandenburg on his father's death in 1535.
		Joachim supported the Augsburg Interim (May 1548) and played a major role at the negotiations leading to the Peace of Augsburg (1555), which reestablished peace in Germany between the warring religious factions.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/Joachim-II/Joachim-II.html (217 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Brandenburg, 1415-1517
		Brandenburg administratively was divided in 3 parts - the ALTMARK (to the west of the Elbe), the KURMARK (between Elbe and Oder); the NEUMARK (to the East of the Oder) had been pawned to the Teutonic Order and remained under its rule until 1456.
		For both, Brandenburg was a tool in their dynastic policy to control the Empire (Brandenburg held one of the seven electoral votes); both the nobility and the cities of Brandenburg had become independent-minded; feuds between nobles or between nobles and cities were frequent, the Prince's control over the country questioned.
		Brandenburg, however, required the full attention of her territorial lord; in 1422 a Hussite force invaded Brandenburg, plundering her eastern regions.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/germany/bra14151517.html (768 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Brandenburg
		Elector Joachim I (1499-1535), whose younger brother, Albert, was made Archbishop of Magdeburg and Bishop of Halberstadt in 1513, and in 1514 Archbishop and Elector of Mainz and Archchancellor of the German Empire, was extremely hostile towards the religious innovations, and endeavoured to have the edict formally condemning Luther passed by the Reichstag, at Worms.
		The Diocese of Brandenburg, founded 1 October, 948, by Otto the Great, was bounded on the east by the Oder, on the west and south by the Elbe and the Black Elster, and on the north by the Uckermark.
		Ecclesiastically, the former Mark of Brandenburg, with the city of Berlin and the greater part of the province of Pomerania, forms the "Apostolic Delegature for the Mark Brandenburg and Pomerania", which is administered by the Prince-Bishop of Breslau as Apostolic Delegate, indirectly through the Dean of St. Hedwig's in Berlin as delegate of the prince-bishop.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02738c.htm (1654 words)

	AllRefer.com - Brandenburg, state, Germany, Germany (German Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		The state of Brandenburg consists of the former Prussian province of Brandenburg minus those parts of the province lying E of the Oder and Neisse rivers in Poland (see Germany).
		The Spree Forest, in Lower Lusatia, is inhabited by Slavic-speaking Wends, remnants of the population that inhabited Brandenburg at the time of its acquisition (12th cent.) by Albert the Bear.
		Among Frederick's early successors were Albert Achilles (reigned 1470–86), who introduced primogeniture as the law of inheritance of the Hohenzollern family, and Joachim II (reigned 1535–71), who accepted the Reformation in 1539.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/BrandenbSta.html (571 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Brandenburg, Reformation
		The Duchy of Brandenburg was located in the east of the Holy Roman Empire, and it is one of it's largest territories.
		Brandenburg administratively was divided in 3 parts - the ALTMARK (to the west of the Elbe), the KURMARK (between Elbe and Oder) and the NEUMARK (to the East of the Oder).
		While Brandenburg was one of the Empire's largest territories, and it's duke being an elector, one of the politically more important princes, the dukes could only look with envy at the neighbouring Archdiocesis of Magdeburg, the Duchy of Saxony and the Hanseatic League.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/germany/braref.html (777 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In return for Maximilian lending weight to the provisions of the 2nd Peace of Thorn, Sigismund consented to the marriage of the children of Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary, his brother, to the grandchildren of Maximilian.
		The Polish wars against the Teutonic Knights ended in 1525, when his nephew, the Hohenzollern Albert of Brandenburg, their marshal, converted to Lutheranism, secularized the order, and paid homage to Sigismund, who in return gave him the domains of that order, as the First Duke of Prussia.
		A daughter of Sigismund I, Hedwig (1513-1573), married Joachim II of Brandenburg.
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=Sigismund_I_of_Poland (464 words)

	Encyclopedia: Joachim II of Brandenburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Joachim I Nestor Hohenzollern (1484 - 1535) was an elector of Brandenburg, acceded 1499.
		The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition.
		They were married to Sophie and Georg, both children of the Silesian Piast Duke of Liegnitz, Frederick II.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Joachim-II-of-Brandenburg (542 words)

	1505 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Joachim II of Brandenburg, Imperial Elector (died 1571)
		Maria of Austria, wife of Louis II of Hungary (died 1558)
		Mehmed Sokollu, Grand Vizier of Suleyman the Magnificent and Selim II (died 1579)
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/1/1505.htm (276 words)

	Silesia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg, moreover, concluded (1537) an alliance with the Piast duke, by which Brandenburg would inherit the Piast principalities if the Piast dynasty became extinct.
		It was on the very shaky dynastic grounds indicated above that Frederick II of Prussia, as heir of the house of Brandenburg, claimed a portion of Silesia in 1740 from Maria Theresa, who had just assumed the succession to Austria, Bohemia, and Hungary.
		After World War II the pre-1938 boundaries were restored, but all formerly Prussian Silesia E of the Lusatian Neisse was placed under Polish administration (a small section of Lower Silesia W of the Neisse was incorporated with the East German state of Saxony).
	bartleby.com /65/si/Silesia.html (1189 words)

	TABLE OF CONTENTS
		The Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg (1535-71) was in complete accord with the settlement of the Religious Peace, and, though in a more or less timorous fashion, may be said to have generally seconded the policy of his Saxon neighbour.
		But Joachim was also determined that the great archbishopric of Magdeburg and the bishopric of Halberstadt, whose occupants sat among the Princes of the Empire at the Diet, should be permanently in the hands of his House.
		The situation which Maximilian II left behind him at home in the Empire was one which could not be remedied by good intentions, even if these sprang from a singularly clear intelligence and a generous aversion from intolerance and bigotry.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh305.html (15559 words)

	History of Friedrich II of Prussia V 3 - Chapter X.
		By this decision Joachim held fast, with a stout, weighty grasp; nothing spasmodic in his way of handling the matter, and yet a heartiness which is agreeable to see.
		In all these latter broils Kurfurst Joachim II., deeply interested, as we may fancy, strove to keep quiet; and to prevail, by weight of influence and wise counsel, rather than by fighting with his Kaiser.
		Joachim was always a conspicuous Public Man, a busy Politician in the Reich: stanch to his kindred, and by no means blind to himself or his own interests.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/prussia/HistoryofFriedrichIIofPrussiaV3/chap10.html (3146 words)

	[No title]
		Brandenburg, under the wise Kurfurst it has got, begins in a small degree to be cosmic again, or of the domain of the gods; ceases to be chaotic and a mere cockpit of the devils.
		Brandenburg, not at first unanimously, by no means too inconsiderately, but with overwhelming unanimity when the matter became clear, was lucky enough to adopt the Reformation;--and stands by it ever since in its ever-widening scope, amid such difficulties as there might be.
		KURFURST JOACHIM I. Brandenburg, in the matter of the Reformation, was at first--with Albert of Mainz, Tetzel's friend, on the one side, and Pious George of Anspach, "NIT KOP AB," on the other--certainly a divided house.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext00/03frd10.txt (17816 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Council of Trent
		Ambassadors of the emperor, King Ferdinand, and Henry II of France were present.
		Another decree deferred until the next session the discussion of four articles concerning the Eucharist, namely, Communion under the two species of bread and wine and the Communion of children; a safe-conduct was also issued for Protestants who desired to come to the council.
		He was followed by Marcellus II (1555), a former cardinal legate at Trent, Marcello Cervino; Marcellus died twenty-two days after his election.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15030c.htm (5851 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - BANKING: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Among these may be mentioned Michael of Berlin, court Jew to Joachim II.
		His father, Frederick II., had died in 1785, leaving about £8,400,000, derived chiefly from the hire of soldiers to the British government to suppress the rebellion in America.
		As the fortune of the Rothschilds was ultimately dependent on the manipulation of this, it is curious to reflect that their financial predominance in the nineteenth century is in the last resort due to America.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=210&letter=B (1854 words)

	Preussen.de - Gallery of Palaces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This square summer house was erected under Frederick Wilhelm II in 1824, in the palace gardens of the palace of Charlottenburg.
		Caspar Theiss was charged with the construction of this palace in 1542 by the elector Joachim II of Brandenburg.
		Later generations used it as their first residence after getting married, such as the later emperor Wilhelm II and his son the crown prince Wilhelm, and their eldest children were born there.
	www.preussen.de /en/history/gallery_of_palaces.html (1988 words)

	Brzeg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Upon the extinction of the Piast dukes in 1675, Brzeg came under the direct role of the Habsburgs.
		In 1537 the Piast duke Frederick II of Brzeg concluded a treaty with Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg, whereby the Hohenzollerns of Brandenburg would inherit the duchy upon the extinction of the Piasts.
		Frederick the Great of the Kingdom of Prussia used this treaty to justify his invasion of Silesia during the War of the Austrian Succession in 1740.
	www.comicscomics.com /search.php?title=Brzeg (254 words)

	The New York Times: Sights and Activities
		An exhibition inside the old tower focuses on the devastation of World War II, with a cross constructed of nails recovered from the ashes of Coventry Cathedral in England, destroyed in a German bombing raid in November 1940.
		The busy thoroughfare was first laid out in the 16th century as the path by which the elector Joachim II of Brandenburg traveled from his palace on the Spree River to his hunting lodge in the Grunewald.
		After the destruction of World War II the zoo was carefully redesigned to create surroundings as close as possible to the animals' natural habitats.
	www.nytimes.com /top/features/travel/destinations/europe/germany/berlin/sights.html (1822 words)

	Genealogy: Brandenburg
		The red eagle on a silver backgournd was first used in 1170 by the Askanien dynasty Markgrafen von Brandenburg.
		Church records from the former Prussian provinces on the eastern side of the Oder-Neisse-border (East Prussia, West Prussia, eastern Pomerian, Posen, Silesia, and eastern Brandenburg) can be found at the Evangelisches Zentralarchiv in Berlin, Jebensstrasse 3, D-10623 Berlin.
		Contains documents and records of the Brandenburg State Government Depts., cities, political parties, associations, justice system, land records, the DDR, and historical records.
	www.genealogienetz.de /reg/BRG/bb.html (1207 words)

	Spandau (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		During the Ascanian Rule the construction of the Spandau Citadel begins, which is completed between 1559 and 1594 by Joachim II of Brandenburg.
		Before World War I, the city was a seat of large government cannon foundaries, factories for making gunpowder and other munitions of war.
		After World War II, it was part of the British Occupation Zone in West Berlin and the Spandau Prison was built to house Nazi war criminals who were sentenced to imprisonment at the Nuremberg Trials.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/S/Spandau.htm (390 words)

	ICM - International Creative Management, Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Staatskapelle Berlin is the city's oldest orchestra and has one of the longest and most important traditions in Germany.
		It was founded as Hofkapelle (Court Orchestra) by Kurfürst (Elector) Joachim II.
		of Brandenburg; the first document to mention it is the Kapellordnung (orchestra regulations) of 1570.
	www.icmtalent.com /musperf/profiles/60029.html (1294 words)

	JOACHIM II - Online Information article about JOACHIM II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		JOACHIM II - Online Information article about JOACHIM II Online Encyclopedia
		He took the communion himself in both kinds, and established a new ecclesiastical organization in Brandenburg, but retained much of the ceremonial of the See also:
		attention to Brandenburg, where he showed a keener desire to further the principles of the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /JEE_JUN/JOACHIM_II.html (936 words)

	geschichte der staatskapelle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Berlin Staatskapelle, Berlin´s oldest orchestra and one of the most traditional orchestras in Germany was founded as court chapel by Kurfürst Joachim II of Brandenburg.
		Initially the orchestra served as Kur Brandenburg court chapel, exclusively for musical engagements at court.
		After the Royal Court Opera was founded by Frederick the Great in 1742, the court chapel became an intrinsic part of the Opera House unter den Linden.
	www.staatsoper-berlin.org /en/ct_f7.htm (269 words)

	Today in History - September 22
		Agricola fled to Berlin, and the elector Joachim II of Brandenburg took him into his favor, appointing him court preacher and general superintendent, offices that he held until his death.
		Agricola's career in Brandenburg became one of great activity and influence.
		He was undoubtedly a gifted man, though his rightful development was hindered by his vanity, which brought about the breach with Luther, and by the temptations of court life, which, as he himself recognized when too late, he had not sufficient strength of mind to resist.
	chi.lcms.org /history/tih0922.htm (1112 words)

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