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Topic: Joel Sweeney

	MINSTREL BOY BANJO WORKS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Joel Walker Sweeney, a white musician born about 1810 in eastern Virginia, is the first white musician to have been documented playing the banjo.
		Sweeney is said to have learned to play banjo from enslaved African Americans on his father's plantation.
		Joel Sweeney's younger brother, Samuel, was an orderly for J. Stuart during the Civil War.
	www.minstrelboybanjo.com /bio.htm (1391 words)

	Dr. Horsehair - The Banjo, Our American Heritage - banjo history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Sweeney's introduction of the 5-string banjo to England led to the rise in popularity of the banjo there which has continued to the present.
		Joel Sweeney died of "dropsy" at Appomattox on October 29, 1860, at the age of 50.
		During the first minstrel shows with Dan Emmett on fiddle and Billy Whitlock on banjo, as well as the shows put on by Joel Sweeney and his brother Sam, the audiences of minstrel music were introduced to the sound of the fiddle and the banjo together as a complimentary duo.
	www.drhorsehair.com /history.html (4306 words)

	Northwest Herald - Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		CRYSTAL LAKE – Sam Sweeney and Joel Shields savored the challenge they faced in Sunday's final of the boys 18-and-under division of the 2004 McHenry County Tennis Classic.
		Sweeney – who made it to the state tournament last season with partner Craig Dudgeon – thought beating a state qualifying team was a big accomplishment.
		Sweeney believed the key was holding the team's serve while breaking their opponents' serve all match long.
	www.nwherald.com /print/281008664459831.php (454 words)

	Heartstrings, by Catherine House -- Endeavors, Fall 1999
		Sweeney adapted the gourd banjo into a wooden instrument that he played in minstrel shows.
		As a minstrel, Sweeney dressed up in fl face and performed songs and comic routines in an entertainment that was popular throughout the 19th century.
		What Sweeney may have come up with, Gura says, was a special system of hooks and tensioning devices around the sides of the banjo that could be tightened, much like a snare drum.
	research.unc.edu /endeavors/fall99/covsty.htm (1848 words)

	Place Called Appomattox by William Marvel. Chapter 1. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Sweeney was the most accomplished in a musical clan that lived in a house beside the stage road, where it crossed the Appomattox, just a few yards from the stream and half a mile from the tavern.
		Thus the banjo was born (or so the story goes), and Sweeney was soon touring the South with his new sound and a repertoire of songs, dances, stories, and animal impressions borrowed from the slaves he had known as a youth.
		Joel was the oldest in his generation of Sweeneys.
	uncpress.unc.edu /chapters/marvel_place.html (8310 words)

	[No title]
		Sweeney evolved the banjo as we know it from the African slave "gourd banjar" in the 1820's.
		Sweeney had an interesting life and played an important but little known role in musical history.
		Mountain music, bluegrass and country are partly Sweeney's legacy.\par \par I have been applying banjo to classic rock to many other musical forms.
	users.adelphia.net /~usd/Info.doc (977 words)

	Bluesmamas House of Blues
		Joel Walker Sweeney and his Sweeney Minstrels were already popular by the 1830s.
		Sweeney was responsible for the spread of the banjo and probably contracted with a drum maker in Baltimore, William Boucher, to start producing banjos for public sales.
		The most famous of the Civil War banjoists was perhaps Samuel Sweeney, the younger brother of Joel Sweeney, who was an orderly of Jeb Stuart, the famed Confederate cavalry officer.
	groups.msn.com /BluesmamasHouseofBlues/thebanjo.msnw (1445 words)

	Salon.com Arts & Entertainment \| "The ghost of Bruce Springsteen"
		Joel Sweeney's article on Bruce Springsteen was extraordinary -- the best and most heartfelt writing about music I've read in 10 years.
		Sweeney has managed to capture how Springsteen's music stays with you through time and becomes a part of you.
		Sweeney, Bruce Springsteen and his embarrassing 9/11 exploitation, "The Rising," is no more capable of "healing this nation" than the First Primate is of ending corporate corruption.
	www.salon.com /ent/letters/2002/08/08/springsteen (921 words)

	"Banjo" Sweeney
		Located on the grounds of Appomattox Court House National Historical Park is the home of Charles Sweeney, cousin of Joel Walker Sweeney the popularizer of the modern five string banjo.
		Joel and his brother Richard died in 1860.
		The youngest brother, Sampson D. along with cousins Robert Miller Sweeney and Charles H. Sweeney served in the 2nd Virginia Cavalry Regiment.
	www.nps.gov /apco/sweeney.htm (85 words)

	Black Banjo Gathering
		Banjo playing became an object of popular white culture in the US and later in Britain as a result of the Blackface Minstrel shows that became a popular form of entertainment in the 1830s and 1840s.
		Minstrels from the South who had actually learned real African-American music like Joel Sweeney popularized the banjo by introducing the clawhammer or frailing style that Blacks had brought from Africa.
		Sweeney did work with luthiers and drum makers to help perfect drum head banjos, the most common type, and is thought to have popularized the five-string banjo as opposed to the four-string banjo.
	www.rhisong.com /blackbanjo/banjo.html (857 words)

	American Music: 1830 - 1865 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Joel Walker Sweeney (1810-1860), the best known among the first white banjoists, learned the instrument from his father’s slaves and was playing it as early as 1831.
		Early-on Joel Sweeney performed on court days and other occasions when crowd’s gathered, traveling around the area with a horse and buggy.
		When Tom Briggs’ Banjo Instructor appeared in 1855, the banjo technique that Ferguson and Sweeney had discovered in the obscurity of the slave quarters was available to the whole world.
	www.danpartner.com /banjo.html (1196 words)

	BanjoFest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Sweeney was a world famous minstrel style banjo player, fl-faced comedian, and entertainer.
		Joel Walker Sweeney was born in a log cabin in 1810, near the site where the Civil War ended.
		In fact, General Robert E. Lee rested under an apple tree on the Sweeney family farm waiting to be escorted to General Grant where the two Generals could discuss the terms of surrender of Lee’s Army.
	www.appomattox.com /html/banjofest.html (305 words)

	Banjo in Traditional Music
		The leader of the Virginia Minstrels was Joel Walker Sweeney who was born in Buckingham County, Virginia, in 1810.
		Sweeney, whose antecedents came from Co. Mayo, has become one of the most controversial characters in the history of the banjo, having been credited widely with introducing the fifth string, or chanterelle, to the instrument.
		In fact, there are early watercolour paintings well before Sweeney's time that show the fifth string on plantation banjos.
	www.standingstones.com /banjo.html (1717 words)

	July 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Buckleys came to America from England about the time Joel Sweeney was getting the whole minstrel craze going.
		While Sweeney had the first 5 string banjo made with a wooden hoop replacing the original gourd drum, it was the Buckleys who took the task of writing down the banjo notation.
		The elder Buckley is credited with originating the "guitar style" of banjo playing, which was finger picking, as opposed to the "knock-down" flailing as taught by the plantation slaves Sweeney learned from.
	members.aol.com /jerund/july99.html (266 words)

	Music Folk Features: A Brief History of the Banjo
		Eventually, in the early 1800's, a few whites learned to play, such as the notable Joel Walker Sweeney, who learned the instrument from the people working on his father's farm.
		Because the instrument was a novelty to many Americans, Sweeney was able to tour the East Coast in the 1830's with some success.
		He played in a style that is similar to what is known today as "clawhammer" or "frailing." This technique was the standard for the Africans of the day.
	www.musicfolk.com /docs/Features/Feature_Banjo.htm (663 words)

	Banjo (Pt.1)
		Joel Sweeney May Have Been The First White Musician To Play Banjo In Rural Virginia
		Joel Walker Sweeney, a white musician born about 1810 in eastern Virginia, is thought to have given banjo lessons in 1838 to Billy Whitlock, who later became the banjo player for the Virginia Minstrels.
		Sweeney is the first white musician to have been documented playing the banjo.
	kentuckyexplorer.com /nonmembers/01-01023.html (2519 words)

	Banjo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		By Larry McNeely For many years, it was written, anywhere the 5-string banjo was mentioned, that Joel W. Sweeney added the short string on the top side of the existing 4-string banjo neck, thus creating the instrument we now call the 5-string banjo, the only truly American instrument besides the dulcimer.
		It’s more probable that slaves, bringing a 4-string banjo with them when they were brought to America in the 1700’s, had already put the short string where it is and Joel Sweeney merely added a bass string.
		As no records exist of how the players then played the instrument we will have to assume that our later style, which has been called "clawhammer," is an evolution of one of the primary picking styles.
	www.allcountry.de /html/banjo.html (669 words)

	School Council Minutes, 2003 12 02, Booth Memorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Sweeney stated that he had been contacted by the Chair of the Bishops College School Council on this issue.
		It is not clear who, (other than the AESD administration), may be in support of this draft policy.
		Sweeney stated that the ceremony was appropriate and the play was excellent, in both content and performance.
	www.booth.k12.nf.ca /schoolco/m031202.htm (974 words)

	SWEENEY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		3 Samuel Sweeney, Judge b: June 04, 1828 in Franklin Co VA d: May 28, 1906 in Floyd Co VA +Margaret Thomas b: February 27, 1837 in Franklin Co VA m: February 15, 1855 in Floyd VA d: August 04, 1891 in Floyd Co VA 4 Charles Sweeney b: Abt.
		4 Charlie Sweeney b: November 05, 1875 in VA d:1959 in Beckley WV +Eliza Jane Laxton b: March 03, 1886 in Pineville WV m: 1915 in Raleigh Co WV d:1968 in Beckley WV 4 Aileen/Jennie Sweeney b: Abt.
		3 Benjamin Sweeney b: November 23, 1832 in Franklin Co VA d: 1883 in Floyd Co VA +Catherine "Fanny" Underwood b: March 30, 1832 in Stuart Patrick Co VA m: July 07, 1853 in Floyd VA d:1922 in Princeton WV 4 Joseph Jackson Sweeney b: September 19, 1853 d: Abt.
	members.aol.com /swinfield9/sweeney.htm (652 words)

	Clock Makers
		Within a few years, the interaction of rural fl and white Americans began to move the instrument from a purely African-American to a truly American phenomenon.
		First brought to wide prominence by a white performer named Joel W. Sweeney, this instrument took America by storm in the 1840s.
		Almost all current American popular music — blues, rock and roll, country-western, bluegrass, hip hop, ragtime, jazz— traces its routes back to that music and that instrument once made by the rough hands of people in bondage; they’re all branches of the same tree – a tree that grew from an African seed.
	www.thedreaming.info /crossroads_of_culture/banjar.htm (1125 words)

	vftppHol99 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Steve Lacy held the front position until Joel Sweeney motored by on the second lap.
		Van Lienden roared through the pack and passed Sweeney by the forth lap.
		Marty Lewis nipped Sweeney at the tree turn on lap 7, only to have an exhaust pipe come adrift and end his charge.
	www.vft.org /vftppHol99.htm (734 words)

	Trimetrexate Inhibits Progression of the Murine 32Dp210 Model of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Animals Expressing ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Trimetrexate Inhibits Progression of the Murine 32Dp210 Model of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Animals Expressing Drug-resistant Dihydrofolate Reductase -- Sweeney et al.
		Articles by Sweeney, C. Articles by McIvor, R. Articles citing this Article
		Articles by Sweeney, C. Articles by McIvor, R. Cancer Research 63, 1304-1310, March 15, 2003]
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/63/6/1304 (276 words)

	Coog Instruments American Info
		By the early part of the 19th century, minstrelsy became a popular form of entertainment.
		Joel Walker Sweeney of The Sweeney Minstrels, born 1810, was often credited with the invention of the short fifth string.
		Scholars know that this is not the case.
	www.cooginstruments.com /Am_Instr_Info.htm (1386 words)

	Folklore & Folklife in Virginia, Vol. 1, 1979
		If Sweeney added any strings at all, he may have added another full-length string to extend the range downward.
		Joel Walker Sweeney and minstrel show banjo playing are also relevant to this discussion of early fl banjo-playing style in Virginia.
		Since it is also hard not to conclude that Sweeney learned to play the banjo from fls in Appomattox in the 1820s, this style can be attributed to them, So all of the admittedly limited evidence available suggests that the earliest fl playing style was a down-stroking, frailing style.
	faculty.virginia.edu /vafolk/ffv1.htm (7039 words)

	Introduction to Stelling Mandolins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This is considered by many to be the place where, in 1831, Joel Sweeney invented the 5-string banjo.
		Undoubtedly, Joel Sweeney was inspired by the beauty and serenity of these mountains just as we are today.
		What better place could there be than right here in the midst of a forest, surrounded by walnut, maple, and cherry trees, the very wood from which our banjos are made?
	www.folkofthewood.com /page901.htm (441 words)

	Authentic Campaigner Website & Forums - "One Man Band"
		Children particuarly loved the musician who, some believe, was proficient enough as an artist to play the banjo with his toes, the violin with his hands, and blow a mouth harp simultaneously.
		As of now, I am using reproduction minstrel banjos, a parlor guitar, concertina, bones, jawbone, reproduction 19th century triangle and a reproduction tambourine that I have on the ground, kicking it with my feet.
		For awhile, I was using a harmonica and a simple one piece harmonica holder that a flsmith made for me. As hard as I tryed, I couldn't justify using the harmonica or holder even with the information about Joe Sweeney and Lew.
	www.authentic-campaigner.com /forum/showthread.php?t=2829 (1438 words)

	Dr. Horsehair - minstrel and clawhammer banjo - books
		In the same article is a biography of his brother, Sam Sweeney who rode with and was the personal banjo player for General J.E.B. Stuart of the Army of Northern Virginia.
		Included are three of Joel Sweeney's songs with the decorative cover page.
		Also included is the story of Ralph Keeler, a banjo player and dancer who ran away from home as a boy and performed in a minstrel band for three years on a Mississippi Riverboat.
	www.drhorsehair.com /bookbag.html (757 words)

	The Wedding MC Handbook - Author Profile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Through Professionally Speaking Joel offers a wide variety of services and products that are designed to "Bridge the Gap" between individuals, groups and organizations by promoting effective speaking and communication skills.
		Joel is an instructor with Memorial University Division of Continuing Studies, where he teaches a variety of career enrichment courses.
		If you would like more information about Joel and the services and products offered by Professionally Speaking please contact him at
	www.newcomm.net /jsweeney/mcprofil.htm (151 words)

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