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	Jogaila (1350-1434)
		Nevertheless, according to German historian Leopold Ranke, Jogaila's decision to accept Roman Christianity via Poland vs. Eastern Orthodoxy was as significant in the history of Europe as the destruction of Kiev's Russia by the Tatars in 1240.
		Jogaila, son of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Algirdas,3 was born ca.
		Jogaila's relationship with Lithuania was angrily affirmed by chronicler Jan Dlugosz: "He loved his country Lithuania, and his family and brothers so much, that without hesitation he brought to the Polish kingdom all kinds of wars and troubles.
	www.lituanus.org /1987/87_4_04.htm (3434 words)

	www.Lietuva.lt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Jogaila swore, that once he became the King of Poland, he would use all of his property for the needs of both kingdoms, as much for Lithuania, as for Poland.
		On February 2, 1386 Jogaila was elected the King of Poland by the Polish Sejm (Parliamentary Council of Representatives) of the nobility in Lublin.
		Jogaila arrived at Krakow, and on February 15th was christened and given the name of Wladyslaw.
	www.lietuva.lt /index.php?Lang=5&ItemId=29446 (2411 words)

	Ladislaus II of Poland biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Jogaila was from the dynasty of dukes and grand dukes of Lithuania Jogailos.
		As Ladislaus II, his reign is noted for the crushing defeat inflicted on the Teutonic Knights in neighbouring Province of Prussia by Polish, Lithuanian, Russian and Tatar forces at the Battle of Grunwald 1410.
		Jogaila was the first of the dynasty of Lithuanian dukes who were also kings of Poland (1386-1572).
	jogaila.biography.ms (463 words)

	Jogaila (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Jogaila's conversion to Christianity and his marriage to Jadwiga, the youngest daughter of the last...
		A later cathedral was built in 1387 by Grand Duke Jogaila, who married the Polish Queen Jadvyga and united Lithuania and Poland, a union that lasted until 1795.
		Lietuvos didysis kunigaikštis ir Lenkijos karalius Jogaila (1351-1434) buvo Algirdo sūnus, Gedimino anūkas.
	lithuanian.encyclopedia.st /Jogaila (326 words)

	Medieval Lithuania - Chronology 1386-1506
		On February 2, 1386 Jogaila was elected King of Poland by the Polish Sejm (Parliament) of the nobility in Lublin.
		The coronation of Jogaila as King of Poland was held on March 4
		In February 1387 Jogaila began to institute the reforms in Lithuania, which were required by the conditions for the union with Poland.
	viduramziu.lietuvos.net /en/c1386.htm (648 words)

	Kestutis
		He agreed to negotiate and come to the camp of Jogaila after he was solemnly assured under oath that he would be able freely to return to his troops.
		It is not possible to prove whether Jogaila, Skirgaila, or their mother Juliana was the instigator of the treachery causing the death of Kestutis.
		Some historians exonerate Jogaila on these grounds, but his indirect collaboration in his uncle's death is not to be denied.
	www.pgm.lt /Istorija/Kestutis_en.htm (2474 words)

	Kestutis -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Although Algirdas was succeeded by his son Jogaila (Jagiello), the harmonious relationship that had existed between Kestutis and the Grand Duke disappeared.
		Jogaila (Jagiello in Polish) was one of the 12 sons of Algirdas (Olgierd), grand duke of Lithuania, who named him his heir apparent.
		When his father died in 1377, Jogaila's title of grand duke was disputed by his relatives, and only after several years and some ruthless actions—such as the imprisonment and murder of his uncle Kestutis (Kejstut)—did his rule become as...
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9045186 (622 words)

	Chthonic and Indo-European Elements
		Jogaila married the Queen of Poland, thereby uniting the two royal houses; Lithuania accepting Christianity was the one condition of union.
		Although Jogaila and Jadvyga married, Lithuania retained her administrative independence from that of the Polish court.
		It was under the rule of Vytautas, cousin to Jogaila, that Lithuania reached her zenith.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Delphi/3503/lecture98.html (2517 words)

	From the History of Samogitia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		However, it seemed that already in 1382 Jogaila knew about the project concerning his invitation to the Polish throne and expected his future marriage him off to Hedwig, that's why he conducted an independent course of politics.
		In 1413 Vytautas and Jogaila went to Samogitia for one week, and symbolically christened it in order to weaken the Order’s claims to the Samogitian land.
		The original document is witnessed by a small red lacquer seal of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in a wax bowl (the right side is crushed), which is affixed to a document by a string of red, white, green silk thread.
	daugenis.mch.mii.lt /Samogitia/ISTORIJA/istorija.en.htm (1975 words)

	Timeline Lithuania to 1929 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Jogaila had married Queen Jadvyga (12) and was crowned King in Poland.
		Jogaila submitted to restrictions that no major decisions could be made without the authorization of the Polish nobility.
		Vytautas and Jogaila with hired mercenaries from Byelorussia [Belarus] along with Tartars and Czechs defeated the Teutonic Knights between Grunvald (Zalgiriai) and Tannenberg southeast of Malburg.
	timelines.ws /countries/LITH_A.HTML (9394 words)

	[No title]
		Jogaila had a better claim on the title of Grand Prince than did the eldest half-brother, Andrew (Andrius), because--in that strange practice widely observed in the Middle Ages--sons inherited a claim to the office held by the father at the time of their birth.
		Jogaila became ever more independent, arranging for the marriage of his sister Alexandra to a Masovian duke without asking permission, conducting joint military operations with the Livonian Order, and driving his brothers Andrew and Korybutas from their lands.
		Jogaila was already well aware of the Polish interest in arranging his marriage to Jadwiga, and Pope Urban VI had indicated his own personal interest and support.
	department.monm.edu /history/urban/books/tannenberg1.htm (16771 words)

	History of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A marriage with Jogaila, the Lithuanian ruler was proposed to cement an alliance with Poland's powerful eastern neighbor.
		At the Union of Krewo in 1385, Jogaila agreed that in exchange for Jadwiga's hand he would convert to Christianity, coordinate operations against the Teutonic Knights and associate Lithuania (which then included most of present day Belarus and Ukraine) with the kingdom of Poland in a permanent union.
		Jogaila, known as Jagiello, was crowned as King of Poland in February of 1386 at an assembly of Polish barons and nobility and adopted the name of Wladyslaw II.
	www.poland-embassy.si /eng/poland/history2.htm (1624 words)

	Central Europe Review - A Brief History of Lithuania
		With the rise of Jogaila, brother of Kęstutis, and of Vytautas, son of Kęstutis, the fate of Lithuania was about to change forever.
		Jogaila, in Polish Jagiełło, became the ruler of both entities after marrying Polish Queen Jadwiga and Lithuania was baptised.
		Jogaila gave his brother, the hated Švitrigaila, the Lithuanian domain, which caused massive infighting and the rise of Zygmuntas as the new grand duke.
	www.ce-review.org /00/27/lithuania27_history.html (2749 words)

	Lithuania - Coat of Arms
		Circa 1385-1386, when Jogaila Algirdaitis (son of Algirdas) made the knight a heraldic figure, using him as a motif on a shield, the personal portrait of the ruler acquired a common meaning.
		What is clear is that Jogaila did not inherit this symbol from his father Algirdas, because the latter used an image reminiscent of two united arrows, superimposed with a cross.
		It was therefore called the emblem of the Kestutis family, and as of the 16th C., when the Jogaila family also began to use it, it became the symbol of the entire Gediminas family dynasty.
	flagspot.net /flags/lt).html (3716 words)

	History of LITHUANIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		When his grandson Jogaila inherits, in 1377, Lithuania stretches through Belorussia and south into the Ukraine as far as Kiev.
		Jogaila (better known to history as Jagiello, the Polish version of his name) solves in dramatic fashion the question of which religion to adopt - when he negotiates, in 1385, with ambassadors from Poland.
		Lithuania, together with Belorussia and Kiev (part of Jogaila's inheritance), is to be linked to the Polish crown.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac98 (618 words)

	HISTORY of Lithuania
		He, influenced by his mother, saw his uncle’s vast holdings as means to satisfy the desire of his younger brothers for domains of their own.
		Jogaila was exiled to his father’s holdings of Vitebsk and Kreva upon renouncing his claim to the title of Grand Duke of Lithuania and promise under oath not to stop his activities against Kestutis.
		Jogaila was back in Vilnius and Vytautas was trapped in Trakai surrounded by Jogaila’s and his allies, Teutonic order forces.
	www.vaitasassociates.com /history.htm (1153 words)

	squib.jogaila.htm
		By this marriage Jogaila, called Jagiello by the Poles, became joint king of Lithuania and Poland, the ruler of a multicultural empire which stretched from the Baltic to the Black Sea.
		Jadwiga, in turn, who is thought to have sacrificed herself for the sake of the Polish people by submitting to this marriage to a man who according to some reports was something of a brute, became a Catholic Saint.
		As always in such cases, the original politically-motivated conversion was only nominal, and pagan practices such as the sacrifice of horses at funerals continued in Lithuania for at least two centuries.
	idiocentrism.com /squib.jogaila.htm (591 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hedwig was said to be a blonde, blue-eyed beauty, and an exhumation performed in 1976 showed that she was unusually tall for a medieval woman (180 cm), without physical evidence of any deformity or disability.
		In the same year Jogaila and the lords of Lesser Poland signed the Union of Krevo in which Jogaila pledged to adopt Latin Christianity and unite Lithuania with Poland in exchange for Hedwig's hand and the Polish crown.
		Hedwig (12) and Jogaila (36) – who had been earlier baptized Ladislaus – were wed in March 1386 in Kraków.
	www.alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=Hedwig_of_Poland (1030 words)

	The Grand Duchy of Lithuania
		Jogaila succeeded to the throne in 1377 and presided over a time of continuing encroachment of Christianity as well as territorial expansion.
		This signified the beginning of a partnership in which the barons of the still autonomous principalities of Lithuania and Poland agreed to act by mutual consent.
		Despite Jogaila’s conversion, and in light of his union with the Poles, the struggle with the Teutonic Knights continued.
	depts.washington.edu /baltic/papers/grandduchy.htm (3055 words)

	Lithuania
		Jogaila reaches a peace agreement with the Teutonic Order which apparently included a clause allowing Teutonic attacks on the personal holdings of his Uncle Kestutis.
		Jogaila called on the Teutonic Order and between them they laid siege to Kestutis principal stronghold, the island fortress town of Trakai.
		Jogaila married Jadwyga and assumed the responsibility of King of Poland and the new name Ladislaus Jagiello, although not actually being crowned in his own right until 1396.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /matthaywood/main/Lithuania.htm (2932 words)

	Lithuania : History
		Jogaila, the son of Algirdas, succeeded his father in 1377.
		Jogaila's cousin, Vytautas, revolted against him in 1390, and two years later Jogaila recognized him as vice regent.
		In 1447, under Casimir IV, the son of Jogaila, Lithuania and Poland were permanently allied.
	www2.omnitel.net /ramunas/Lietuva/lt_history.shtml (1899 words)

	Jadwiga of Poland
		Soon after her coronation, new pretenders to Jadwiga's hand appeared: Duke Siemowit IV of Masovia and Grand Duke Jogaila (Jagiełło) of Lithuania, the latter supported by the lords of Lesser Poland.
		In the same year Jogaila and the lords of Lesser Poland signed the Union of Krewo in which Jogaila pledged to adopt Latin Christianity and unite Lithuania with Poland in exchange for Jadwiga's hand and the Polish crown.
		Her death undermined Jogaila's position as King of Poland, but he managed to retain the throne until his death 35 years later.
	en.efactory.pl /Jadwiga_of_Poland (1484 words)

	The Baptism of Lithuania (1387 – 1417)
		After being christened together with several of his brothers and then crowned at Krakow (1386), he returned to Lithuania; convened the country’s nobles to Vilnius, the capital city; and demanded that they consent to be baptized as proof of their allegiance to him.
		The second decree of Jogaila (Feb. 20, 1387) expanded the rights of those nobles who accepted Catholicism, granting them greater discretion in the disposition of their property and exempting them from a number of duties to the state.
		Vytautas sent sixty recently baptized Samogitians to the Council of Konstanz with the request that the Council dispatch delegation to Lithuania to assess the position of the Church in Samogitia.
	www.lcn.lt /en/bl/istorija/1/blistorija2.html (333 words)

	February 15: Lithuania--at last!
		Jogaila (Jagiello), Grand Duke of the Lithuanians, was struggling against the Teutonic knights, a quasi-Christian order.
		The Poles were agreeable on one condition: Jogaila must convert to Christianity.
		As part of the deal with Poland, Jogaila married Jadwiga (Hedwig), the heiress of Poland's throne.
	chi.gospelcom.net /DAILYF/2001/02/daily-02-15-2001.shtml (711 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - The Grand Duchy of Lithuania - military history and AAR
		Jogaila (Jagiello in Polish) - the eldest son from Algirdas second marriage - succeeded to the Lithuanian throne in 1377.
		Jogaila ruled over a time of continuing interference from Christianity and the Teutons as well as territorial expansion for the Grand Duchy.
		Jogaila entered Cracow with his escort, was baptised, acquired the name of Wladislaw, married Jadwiga, was crowned King of Poland on March 4, 1386, and signed a personal union between Lithuania and Poland.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?s=&threadid=97983 (6105 words)

	Vytautas The Great -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Both Vytautas and his father were captured by Jogaila in 1382 and Kestutis was murdered while a prisoner.
		In an effort to consolidate his position and widen his power, Jogaila married the 12-year-old Polish queen Jadwiga and was crowned king of Poland in Kraków on Feb. 15, 1386, as Wladyslaw II Jagiello.
		Vytautas and Jogaila then turned their attention westward, and there followed a series of wars with the Teutonic Order, which recognized Švitrigaila (Swidrygiello), a brother of Jogaila, as grand prince of Lithuania.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9075805 (1168 words)

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