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	Johann Nepomuk Mälzel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Johann Nepomuk Mälzel (August 15, 1772 - July 21, 1838) was an inventor, engineer, and showman, best known for manufacturing a metronome and several music automatons, and displaying a fraudulent chess machine.
		Mälzel was born in Regensburg (Germany) as the son of an organ builder.
		Schlumberger later died of the yellow fever, Mälzel started to drink and died of an alcohol overdose on a ship in the harbor of La Guaira, Venezuela.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_M%C3%A4lzel (543 words)

	METRONOME - LoveToKnow Article on METRONOME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Maelzel thereupon went to Amsterdam, saw Winkel and inspected his invention, and, recognizing its great superiority to what he called his own, offered to buy all right and title to it.
		Winkel refused, and so Maelzel constructed a copy of the instrument, to which he added nothing but the scale of numbers, took this copy to Paris, obtained a patent for it, and in 1816 established there, in his own name, a manufactory for metronomes.
		Maelzel's scale was needlessly and arbitrarily complicated, proceeding by twos from 40 to 60, by threes from 60 to 72, by fours from 72 to 120, by sixes from 120 to 144 and by eights from 144 to 208.
	79.1911encyclopedia.org /M/ME/METRONOME.htm (644 words)

	The Turk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Maelzel took the Turk to play in France and in England, but due to mounting debts, fled Europe to exhibit the Turk in the United States of America.
		The Turk's tour of the United States was a success, and Maelzel decided to bring the Turk to Cuba as the first leg of a South American tour.
		On board the ship, he took to drinking alone in his cabin and as the voyage neared its end, Maelzel was found dead in his cabin, and buried at sea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mechanical_Turk (1060 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / Magazine
		Maelzel had advertised amateurs might have this privilege, he always evaded the application and it was impossible to encounter his “wooden warrior” in a complete game.
		Maelzel was in Baltimore licking his wounds from the discovery of the Turk’s secret by the two boys on the roof when news of the New York crisis reached him.
		Maelzel wrote to Coleman for an unbiased estimate of the competition and, when the editor replied that the Yank was indeed better, hurried to New York.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/ah/1960/2/1960_2_34.shtml (4501 words)

	Chess pictures : Stories: AUTOMATON CHESS
		In 1805 von Kempelen's son sold it to Johann N Maelzel, himself a mechanical genius, said by some to have invented Beethoven's metronome.
		Maelzel took it on tour and in 1809 Napoleon is said to have played a game against it during the Wagram campaign.
		Maelzel then wrote to France for an expert and a certain Schlumberger accepted the contract.
	www.chessgraphics.net /ac.htm (1004 words)

	HRC:Theory:The Mechanical Turk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		On von Kempelen's death in 1804, the Turk was soon bought by a brilliant Viennese musical engineer, Johann Maelzel, court mechanician for the Habsburgs and a close ally of one of their favoured composers, Beethoven.
		Maelzel swiftly saw the patronage he could win by trading on von Kempelen's automaton, and the Turk became a temporary habitué of the new Napoleonic courts in Germany.
		Maelzel also helped realize his metronomic dream of a completely automatic orchestra, the Panharmonicon of 42 mechanized musicians, for which Beethoven had specially composed his ghastly Battle Symphony, a composition rather likely to appeal to jingoistic British audiences.
	www.hrc.wmin.ac.uk /hrc/theory/babbage/dancer/t.5.4[3].html (1852 words)

	BATTLE HISTORY
		During the winter of 1812/1813, Maelzel had opened his 'Kunstkabinett', a public exhibition of 'marbles, bronzes and paintings and a variety of contributions, scientific or curious, from various artists, among them a large electrical machine with apparatus for popular experiments, but the principal attractions were his own Mechanical Trumpeter and the new 'panharmonicon' (Thayer 559).
		While Maelzel's initial advertisement of the concert referred to the 'Battle Symphony' as his property, Beethoven strongly objected to this, and had the announcement indicate that the work was compsoed by Beethoven out of friendship for Maelzel and for his trip to England.
		Maelzel, since it was he who first conceived the idea of this concert, and to him fell the most burdensome part of the enterprise, the necessary preliminary work, care, and management.
	ludwig0van0beethoven.tripod.com /battle.html (4083 words)

	The Chess Automatons by Bill Wall
		In 1784 the Turk was taken to London by M. Maelzel for exhibition.
		Maelzel later fled to America with the Turk to escape his debts and lawsuit.
		Maelzel also caught yellow fever then decided to return to New York but died on a ship bound from Cuba to New York.
	www.geocities.com /SiliconValley/Lab/7378/automat.htm (2023 words)

	02/24/01 Daytona Beach Symphony Society presents: Jacksonville Symphony Orchestra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Maelzel designed and built ear trumpets to lighten the tragic burden of the composer's deafness and he invented the metronome, a device that musicians everywhere still use as a timing device.
		In addition to his other gifts, Maelzel was a masterful promoter and publicist, and in order to get attention for his newest projects, he organized a concert at which the world premiere of one of Beethoven's greatest works, his Seventh Symphony, was only a minor part.
		Maelzel came to America around 1820 and spent the rest of his life here, exhibiting his inventions as far west as Pittsburgh and Cincinnati and as far south as New Orleans.
	www.dbss.org /Archive_old/daytonabeachsymphonysocietyconcert022401.htm (2559 words)

	Johann Maelzel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Johann Nepomuk Mälzel (August 15, 1772 - July 21, 1838) was an inventor, engineer, and showman, best known formanufacturing a metronome and several music automatons, and displaying afraudulent chess machine.
		Edgar Allan Poe, apparently unaware of this article, wrote another analysisof the machine, attempting to expose the fraud.
		Schlumberger later died of the yellow fever, Mälzel started to drink anddied of an alcohol overdose on a ship in the harbor of La Guaira, Venezuela.
	www.therfcc.org /johann-maelzel-344509.html (478 words)

	Maelzel, Johann Nepomuk (1772-1838)
		Maelzel persuaded Beethoven to write a commemorative piece for Maelzel’s mechanical instrument the panharmonicon.
		Maelzel fought the case and there were years of fruitless conflict before the litigants made peace.
		As Stadlen shows, at the session on 27 September 1826, when uncle and nephew were trying to establish correct metronome markings in the presentation copy of the Ninth Symphony for the King of Prussia, there was considerable confusion over the units in question.
	www.ringnebula.com /Beet/Maelzel_contact.htm (1183 words)

	snarkout: the turk's game
		It was left to Johann Nepomuk Maelzel, inventor of the panharmonicum and one-time friend of Beethoven's, to bring the Turk to lasting fame.
		Maelzel had no such qualms; he bought the Turk from Kempelen's family, shipped it to London, and began displaying it once again.
		In Maelzel's hands, it made quite a stir: it defeated Napoleon in 1809; E.T.A. Hoffman wrote a story about the "talking Turk"; Maelzel brought it to the United States, where it toured up and down the East Coast, playing to large paying audiences.
	www.snarkout.org /archives/00000112.html (932 words)

	Maelzel: Information on metronomes
		Maelzel took it on tour and in 1809 Napoleon is said to have played a game against it during the...
		Metronome Invented by Maelzel in 1816, the instrument is used to indicate the exact tempo of a composition.
		Metronome - Invented by Maelzel in 1816, the instrument is used to indicate the exact tempo of a composition.
	seikometronomes.midimetronomes.com /maelzel (973 words)

	Automatons
		Johann N. Maelzel was a mechanical engineer who bought the Turk from Wolfgang von Kempelen's son.
		Maelzel fled to America with the Turk to escape the debts and lawsuits.
		Maelzel was buried at sea in 1838 after dying on a ship bound from Cuba to America.
	www.angelfire.com /games/SBChess/automaton.html (3075 words)

	Welcome to www.madaboutbeethoven.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Maelzel is known today as the inventor of the metronome.
		Maelzel made a series of ear trumpets to help Beethoven with his deafness.
		When Beethoven was told Maelzel was trying to get possession of the orchestrated score, he began legal proceedings against him, but it came to nothing when Maelzel left Vienna.
	www.madaboutbeethoven.com /pages/people_and_places/people_friends/biog_maelzel.htm (200 words)

	Metronome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		It consists of a pendulum swung on a pivot and actuated by a hand-wound clockwork whose escapement (a motion-controlling device) makes a ticking sound as the wheel passes a pallet.
		A scale of numbers indicates how many oscillations per minute occur when the sliding weight is moved to a given point on the pendulum.
		The conventional metronome is housed in a pyramidal case.
	abel.hive.no /ctg/equipment/metronome.html (119 words)

	Encyclopedia: Johann Nepomuk MÃ¤lzel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		The panharmonicon was a musical instrument invented in the 1800s by Johann Nepomuk Mälzel, a contemporary and friend of Beethoven.
		In 1825 the British mathematician Robert Willies wrote a study, detailing how a chess player could hide below the table.
		Wolfgang von Kempelens fraudulent Chess automaton, later exhibited by Johann Nepomuk Maelzel.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Johann-Nepomuk-M%E4lzel (1137 words)

	metronome de maelzel
		Johann Nepenuk Maelzel, through some questionable practice, appropriated Winkel's idea and in 1816 started manufacturing "Maelzel's" Metronome.
		This vintage Seth Thomas De Maelzel Metronome is in good condition and is working.
		The Wittner Maelzel Metronome is an outstanding product in quality and appearance, made from select hardwoods and constructed with care by German...
	basekbt.info /ipgs/metronome/metronome-de-maelzel (148 words)

	Learn more about Ludwig van Beethoven in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		It is based on country life, and made up of five movements, of which the most famous are the Andante molto mosso, Scene by the Brook, and the first Allegro, Merry Gathering of Country Folk.
		The seventh and eighth symphonies are more rhythmic, the second movement of the eighth being based on the metronome, an invention by Beethoven's friend Johann Maelzel.
		The final complete symphony is Symphony No. 9 in D minor, composed in 1823 (and occasionally referred to as Choral), whose last movement, as mentioned, was a setting of Schiller's poem celebrating joy.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /l/lu/ludwig_van_beethoven.html (1177 words)

	Johann Nepomuk Mälzel - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Johann Nepomuk Mälzel - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Maelzel's Chess Player (http://www.eapoe.org/works/essays/maelzel.htm) by Edgar Allan Poe
		This page was last modified 23:04, 26 Feb 2005.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Johann_Maelzel (566 words)

	Johann Maelzel Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Looking For johann maelzel - Find johann maelzel and more at Lycos Search.
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	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Johann_Maelzel (713 words)

	A Brief History of the Metronome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		About 1900, a Swiss pocket watch metronome was produced, operating exactly like a balance-wheel watch with the modification that it had a geared balance-wheel which could make several revolutions and an adjustable "hair-spring" permitting the 40 to 208 scale adjustment.
		In 1977 the Franz pendulum metronome was introduced embodying the first significant improvements in the "Maelzel" type of mechanism.
		The working parts were suspended in the case in such a way as to allow them to level themselves when the case was placed on a slanted surface thus precluding "limp." A mechanism was provided to prevent accidental jamming of the escapement and an adjustment to compensate any inherent limp due to manufacturing variations.
	www.franzmfg.com /history.htm (972 words)

	CNN.com - The computer wore a turban and played chess - May 30, 2002
		Eventually, the Turk passed into the hands of inventor Johann Maelzel, who took it to America for several years.
		(At one point, Maelzel met up with the up-and-coming P.T. Barnum and told him, "I see that you understand the value of the press, and that is the great thing.") It drew huge crowds in the United States as well.
		Maelzel died in 1838, 12 years after coming to America.
	www.cnn.com /2002/SHOWBIZ/books/05/30/the.turk/index.html (1092 words)

	The man within always win
		Napoleon had a grossly inflated view of his abilities as a chess player because his courtiers were reluctant to beat him and, on the first encounter, the Turk easily defeated him in 19 moves.
		According to Maelzel, Napoleon placed a magnet on the chess board before the second game because he had heard that the Turk relied on magnets for its operation.
		Maelzel died in 1838 and the Turk eventually ended up in a museum in Philadelphia, where it was destroyed in a fire in 1854.
	www.btimes.co.za /98/0719/tech/tech8.htm (1264 words)

	Johann Vaaler on Almondnet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Johannes Gutenberg - German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press Gutenberg, Johann Gutenberg pressman, printer - someone
		Johannes Guttenberg (1390-1468) German craftsman who invented the method of movable type printing that was used without significant change until the twentieth century.
		Gutenberg was born in Mainz in the last decade of the fourteenth century.
	www.ncpm.co.uk /popmusic/johann_vaaler.html (380 words)

	Encyclopedia: Johann Maelzel
		Updated 273 days 5 hours 55 minutes ago.
		Maelzel - and his Panharmonicon - went down with it." - MadAboutBeethoven.com (http://www.madaboutbeethoven.com/pages/people_and_places/people_friends/biog_maelzel.htm)
		Click for other authoritative sources for this topic (summarised at Factbites.com).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Johann-Maelzel (564 words)

	John Greschak - Tempo Scales in Polytempo Music: A Survey
		In 1815, Johann Nepomuk Maelzel patented a mechanical device that he called the "metronome" that could be used to indicate various musical tempi.
		For this device, Maelzel established a scale of tempi that consisted of the following rates (beats per minute): 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 63, 66, 69, 72, 76, 80, 84, 88, 92, 96, 100, 104, 108, 112, 116, 120, 126, 132, 138, 144, 152 and 160.
		Later, in the 1820's, Maelzel extended the lower and upper limits of this scale to include the following rates: 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 168, 176, 184, 192, 200 and 208.
	www.greschak.com /polytempo/ptts.htm (3001 words)

	The Great Chess Automaton
		But this was not the end of its career, because in 1805, after Kempelen had died, his family sold the machine to Johann Nepomuk Maelzel, a German university student.
		Maelzel reconstructed the automaton and toured with it throughout Europe before bringing it to America in 1826.
		Hidden inside the mechanism (but not in the body of 'the turk' as Poe thought) were full-sized men, usually chess champions (one of whom wrote the exposé).
	www.museumofhoaxes.com /chess_auto.html (792 words)

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