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	Johan Vaaler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Johan Vaaler (March 15, 1866–1910) was a Norwegian inventor who was granted the first known patents for a kind of paperclip in 1899.
		Nonetheless, Vaaler's association with the "invention" of the paperclip ultimately became a Norwegian nationalistic symbol.
		Vaaler was not actually the first to invent the paperclip, but the intricacies of patent law and enforcement circa 1900 make for a convoluted history, often conflated into simply crediting Vaaler as the inventor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Johan_Vaaler (304 words)

	Johan Vaaler
		Johan (or Johann) Vaaler (March 15, 1866 - ????) was a Norwegian inventor who invented the paperclip in 1899[1] (http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blpaperclip.htm).
		Some histories say Vaaler was a patent clerk; others note that Norway had no patents at the time and suggest that his patents had to be obtained in Germany (in 1899) and the United States (in 1901) for that reason.
		A giant paperclip was erected in Oslo in honour of Vaaler.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/jo/Johann_Vaaler.html (99 words)

	Seed Forum International - Logo / Branding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The paperclip, as we know and love it today, was invented by Johann Vaaler, who was born in Aurskog, near Oslo in Norway, on March 15 1866.
		Vaaler studied at Oslo University and took a degree in mathematics and science and was working for an engineering company that was commissioned by the Norwegian government to come up with ideas for making the civil service more efficient.
		Vaaler started messing around with bits of wire and came up with several different designs for the world's first paperclips.
	www2.invanor.no /templates/extranet/Page____43983.aspx (653 words)

	► who invented the paperclip
		Norwegian - Johan Vaaler invented the paperclip in 1899...
		Johann) Vaaler (March 15, 1866 - ????) was a Norwegian inventor who invented the paperclip in 1899[1].
		The paperclip became a symbol of Norwegian resistance to Nazi occupation in...
	www.faq-site.com /faqs/36/who-invented-the-paperclip.html (348 words)

	A Half-Norwegian Looks at Newsroom Searches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The invading forces proclaimed a ban on the wearing badges or broaches bearing the image or initials of the Norwegian king, Haakon VII, who was in exile in England (along with the rest of those who comprised the lawful government of Norway).
		Norwegians responded to the decree by wearing the paperclip, invented by Norwegian Johann Vaaler and patented by him in Germany in 1899.
		In Oslo, there is a memorial to Johann Vaaler — a 23-foot statue — in the form of a paperclip.
	www.lawzone.com /half-nor/rmg.htm (1478 words)

	Inventors and Inventions: M - EnchantedLearning.com
		His original paper clip was a thin spring-steel wire with triangular or square ends and two "tongues." Vaaler patented his invention in Germany and later in the USA (1901).
		Coenraad Johannes Van Houten (1801-1887) was a Dutch chemist and chocolate manufacturer who in 1828 invented the process that is used to turn roasted cacao beans (the source of chocolate) into cocoa powder (this process is now called Dutching, Dutch processing or alkalinisation).
		His method was an inexpensive way of removing much of the cocoa butter from the nib (center) of the beans, using a hydraulic press, and adding alkaline salts (potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate) so that the cocoa powder would mix readily with water or milk (the alkali neutralized the acidic chocolate).
	www.enchantedlearning.com /inventors/indexv.shtml (692 words)

	Paper Clip History - Invention of the Paper Clip
		Vaaler's American patent drawing shows several kinds of paper clips, from square to triangular to one that looks a lot like the elliptical ones in wide use today.
		Johann Vaaler, a Norwegian, traditionally gets the credit for the first paper clip in 1899.
		A giant paper clip in Oslo Norway was erected as a memorial to Johan Vaaler.
	www.ideafinder.com /history/inventions/paperclip.htm (1591 words)

	Johan Vaaler
		The paperclip became a symbol of Norwegian resistance to Nazi occupation in World War II after badges bearing the face of the exiled King VII of Norway">Haakon VII were banned.
		It did not seem worth while to Carleton to include the frog story, and sheet-saying: "Here, Clapp, here's something you can use." The story appeared in the Saturday Press of November 18, 1865.
		Undecided as to his plans, he was one day advised by a friend to deliver adviser judged his possibilities well.
	www.factspider.com /jo/johan-vaaler.html (272 words)

	The paperclip, a fascinating history
		The first double-oval clip, the Gem, was launched in early-1900 by Gem Manufacturing Ltd of England.
		Drawings of his design date to early 1899, but since Norway had no patent law at the time, he had to seek patent rights in Germany and the US in the following years.
		Johann Vaaler was born on 15 March 1866 in Aurskog, Norway.
	www.didyouknow.cd /paperclips.htm (170 words)

	Paper Clip Inventor Facts >> Paper Clip Inventor Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It came about in 1899, and the name of the inventor was johan vaaler over the world, this paper clip became a symbol of national.
		The object is to use paper there a limit on the amount of paper clips we can use - no. U v johann vaaler, paper clip alessandro volta,, italy.
		Of the paper clip by johann vaaler in 1899.
	www.superinventionspot.com /paper-clip-inventor.html (979 words)

	Digital Digressions: Who Invented the Paperclip?
		The product, which is truly all-pervasive in all of our lives (a success-story from a design point-of-view), the paperclip, is the opposite: it is everywhere, but the man who invented it remains virtually unknown and we can only guess whether his fortunes were in any way improved by it.
		As the story goes when Johann Vaaler patented his paper clip in 1901, there already were similar designs on the books.
		Known as an innovator in his youth, he graduated in electronics, science and mathematics (note this is before the time of design being singled out as a profession in its own right).
	www.digitaldigressions.net /blog/2006/04/who_invented_th.html (646 words)

	[No title]
		Johannes Gutenberg (the late 1300's‑1468) was a German craftsman, inventor, and printer who invented the first printing press with movable type in 1450.
		The first upright piano was made around 1780 by Johann Schmidt of Salzburg, Austria.
		His original paper clip was a thin spring‑steel wire with triangular or square ends and two "tongues." Vaaler patented his invention in Germany and later in the USA (1901).
	www.israelect.com /reference/WillieMartin/Inventions.htm (11726 words)

	Halfbakery: Paper Paperclips
		Initially, I believe these would be designed for a one time use and then disposed of, due to structural decay from the bending of paper material.
		Johann Vaaler of Norway in 1899 was the inventor.
		I would be doubtful that paper could be made into something that would reliably hold sheets of paper together.
	www.halfbakery.com /idea/Paper_20Paperclips (1399 words)

	MaddenNation Forums - View Single Post - Did You Know? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		When Johann Vaaler patented his paper clip in 1901, therealready were similar designs on the books.
		William Middlebrook of Waterbury, Connecticut patented his design in 1899.
		Well, it is thought to be Johann Vaaler.
	www.maddennation.com /forums/showpost.php?p=248080&postcount=7 (129 words)

	Baron de Lustrac, Armagnac, France
		Part of the alcohol evaporates naturally during the long years in cask - this is known as "la part des anges" (the angel's share).
		In this year - October - The Norwegian inventor Johann Vaaler demands a patent for his invention, the paperclip.
		This is not a stock item but we should be able to get it in stock within 4 - 5 working days.
	www.farehamwinecellar.co.uk /0/a2a7709ef41df9ee80256c1d00415c0a.html (255 words)

	► who invented the paper clip
		If your answer shows that you really know who invented the paper clip, we will post it and link to your site to show our thanks for helping to build FAQ-Site into a valuable resource.
		cite Norwegian Johan Vaaler as the inventor of the simple yet effective paper clip.
		Fascinating facts about the invention of the Paper Clip by Johann Vaaler in 1899.
	www.faq-site.com /faqs/13/who-invented-the-paper-clip.html (355 words)

	1900 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		September 17 - Philippine-American War: Filipinos under Juan Cailles defeat Americans under Colonel Benjamin F. Cheatham at Mabitac.
		October - The Norwegian inventor Johann Vaaler demands a patent for his invention, the paperclip.
		November 3 - the first automobile show in the United States opened at New York's Madison Square Garden under the auspices of the Automobile Club of America.
	en.wikipedia.org /?title=1900 (2677 words)

	The Paper Clip (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Paper Clip also has a long history of defiance in the face of oppression.
		It was originally invented by a Norwegian named Johann Vaaler.
		During the WWII Nazi occupation of Norway, citizens were stripped of their right to be individuals by being unable to wear devices bearing the insignia of their exiled king.
	www.funtimenavy.com /clip/clip.html (198 words)

	For thousands of years doctors told patients suffering from pain to chew on the bark of a willow tree
		This was the technological basis of the telephone, but no one actually used this system to transmit sound until 1861.
		Its invention in 1899 is credited to a Norwegian named Johan Vaaler, who patented the device in
		Vaaler did nothing with his invention, however, and a year later a
	www2.nemcc.edu /IR/Dial_e_for_Learning_Handout_8-13-03.htm (5003 words)

	What essential piece of office equipment did Johann Vaaler invent in 1900? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		What essential piece of office equipment did Johann Vaaler invent in 1900?
		According to this site, he invented the paper clip.
		Mar 27 02, 3:40 AM Son of The Household Cavalry
	www.funtrivia.com /ask.cfm?action=details&qnid=17670 (188 words)

	Paper Clip Invention Data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The invention is credited to johan vaaler, a norwegian, who patented his innovation in germany.
		Com associate producer in 1899, johan vaaler traveled to germany to gain a patent on his brilliant invention the paper clip.
		Prior to the invention of the paper clip, people had.
	www.myinventionspot.com /paper-clip-invention.html (1206 words)

	Inventors and Inventions: P - EnchantedLearning.com
		Early Chinese paper was made from the bark of the mulberry tree and other plant fibers.
		For more information on George Crum and potato chips, click here.
		The first printing press with movable type was invented in 1450 by Johannes Gutenberg.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /inventors/indexp.shtml (1830 words)

	Weblog - Lost Angeleno
		Please note: registration is required to leave comments.
		Yesterday's answer: Johann Vaaler invented the paper clip.
		Today's question: What is pogonology the study of?
	www.stennieville.com /pmachine/weblog.php?id=D20041020 (32 words)

	Bretski.com - Moving in a constantly changing environment
		Bretski.com - Moving in a constantly changing environment
		What essential piece of office equipment did Johann Vaaler invent in 1892?
		Why was Sam Colt, inventer of the six-shooter, expelled from school at age 16?
	www.bretski.com /Trivia.htm (109 words)

	Complaints about microsoft word, dell, HTML Pro 2000, AT&T @ Home
		In 1899, he drew the design for the first paperclip, which he patented in 1901.
		Over a hundred years after Vaaler's patent, despite the tremendous changes we've seen in technology, including our entry into the so-called "paperless society", the paperclip is still as popular as ever.
		If you buy a box of paperclips, or steal one from where you work, and open that box, you'll find that every single paperclip is properly configured in the familiar looped shape, ready to clasp together anything you can fit between its modest spring action.
	www.ralphrobertmoore.com /lately031602.html (3590 words)

	The Hindu : Young World Quiz (April 12, 2003) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Who presented the Man of the Tournament Award to Sachin Tendulkar at the World Cup?
		What common stationery item was patented by Johann Vaaler in 1901?
		Which ancient Wonder of the World was built on the banks of the Euphrates?
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/yw/2003/04/12/stories/2003041200060400.htm (245 words)

	UUSMC - February 2006 Sermons
		The paint roller that was invented by one Norman Breakey of Toronto in 1940.
		The paperclip, which was first patented by Johann Vaaler in 1902, a previous similar invention called the konaclip was patented in 1901 by American inventor Cornelius Brosnan.
		I also love photocopying which has been enhancing my work-life since the late 1970s.
	www.uusmc.org /Archives/Sermons/2006_Sermons/february_2006.htm (4987 words)

	Paper Clip Inventor Information \| Paper Clip Inventor Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Ece alumni news winter 2000 01 alumnus kilby receives nobel prize.
		In 1899, norway lacked a named william middlebrook patented a paper clip making machine for the gem.
		By norwegian inventor johan vaaler in 1899 - a 22.5 foot model of this invention was erected in olso in honour of the invention.
	www.myinventionspot.com /paper-clip-inventor.html (1298 words)

	Goblin Teasmades
		In October 1900 the inventor and publicist Spark (see
		) conspired with Hubert Cecil Booth and Johann Vaaler for them to announce their respective inventions of the vacuum cleaner (Booth) and the paper clip (Vaaler) on the same day.
		Spark created ad campaigns for both products and the three men become partners in a franchise of vacuum cleaner repair shops.
	www.teasmade.com /goblin.htm (1762 words)

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