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	Johann Wilhelm Ritter
		Johann Wilhelm Ritter discovered the ultraviolet end of the spectrum, made the first dry cell battery in 1802 and a storage battery in 1803.
		Ritter was the first to establish an explicit connection between galvanism and chemical reactivity.
		Ritter was fascinated by experiments in electrical excitation of muscle and sensory organs as well as the electrophysiology of plants.
	www.corrosion-doctors.org /Biographies/RitterBio.htm (595 words)

	ritter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Johann Ritter was born on december sixteenth, 1776, in Samitz bel Haynau Silesia, which is now Poland.
		Johann Wilhelm Ritter was a pharmacist from 1791 to 1795, studied at the university of Jena, and taught.
		Ritter also was the one who suggsted that current was due to chemical interaction between he metals of an experiment.
	www.qerhs.k12.nf.ca /projects/physics/ritter.html (401 words)

	Adventures in CyberSound: Ritter, Johann Wilhelm
		Johann Wilhelm Ritter who supported Galvani's belief that electrical (galvanic) phenomena may occur within an animal's body was himself an early pioneer in galvanism in Germany.
		Ritter answered the perplexing question by merely stating that water is transformed to hydrogen at the negative electrode while it is transformed into oxygen at the positive electrode by electricity.
		Ritter studied the spectrum, and as a result of his studies showed that light was similar to electricity in having a chemical role.
	www.acmi.net.au /AIC/RITTER_BIO.html (1907 words)

	Johann Wilhelm Ritter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Johann Wilhelm Ritter (1776 - 1810) was a German chemist and physicist.
		He was born in Silesia (now part of Poland).
		Ritter made very important discoveries regarding electrochemistry and ultraviolet light.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Ritter (100 words)

	Johann Wilhelm Ritter -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Johann Wilhelm Ritter (1776 - 1810) was a German (A scientist who specializes in chemistry) Chemist and (A scientist trained in physics) Physicist.
		He was born in (A region of central Europe rich in deposits of coal and iron ore; annexed by Prussia in 1742 but now largely in Poland) Silesia (now part of (A republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II) Poland).
		Ritter made very important discoveries regarding (Branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical action of electricity and the production of electricity by chemical reactions) electrochemistry and (Radiation lying in the ultraviolet range; wave lengths shorter than light but longer than X rays) ultraviolet light.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/j/jo/johann_wilhelm_ritter.htm (173 words)

	Ritter Discovers Ultraviolet Light (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Johann Wilhelm Ritter was born in 1776 in Samitz, Silesia, which is now part of Poland.
		Johann Ritter is best known for his discovery of ultraviolet light in 1801.
		Johann Ritter then decided to place silver chloride in the area just beyond the violet end of the spectrum, in a region where no sunlight was visible.
	coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu /cosmic_classroom/classroom_activities/ritter_bio.html (502 words)

	Johann Wilhelm Ritter - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Der Physiker des Romantikerkreises Johann Wilhelm Ritter in seinen Briefen an den Verleger Carl Friedrich Ernst Frommann
		Johann Wilhelm Ritter, Physik im Wirkungsfeld der deutschen Romantik (Quellen und Forschungen zur Sprach- und Kulturgeschichte der germanischen Völker: n.F)
		Das Leben Des Physikers Johann Wilhelm Ritter: Ein Schicksal in Der Zeit Der Romantik
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /johann_wilhelm_ritter.htm (166 words)

	EastWesterly Review: Siderism
		Stuart Walker Strickland mentions Ritter's "commitment to the ideology that bound self-knowledge to knowledge of nature," thus creating a set of experimentations in which his body is an instrument of scientific inquiry (454).
		The alternate view, however, is that Ritter's body and the personal objects of his experimentation are separated in the experimenter's mind by the unbalancing of the very forces he sets out to study.
		Ritter saw the body as a holistic model of the universe: "For everything in nature appears to be joined through one chain.
	www.postmodernvillage.com /eastwest/issue4/ftf04.html (1544 words)

	Electrochemistry
		Ritter was born in Poland and began his career as an apothecary.
		Ritter made the first dry cell battery in 1802 and storage battery in 1803; While working with silver chloride, Ritter discovered the ultraviolet end of the spectrum.
		Ritter's most important contribution came in 1798 when he established an explicit connection between galvanism and chemical reactivity.
	web.fccj.org /~ethall/electro/electro.htm (962 words)

	Johann Wilhelm Ritter and the discovery of ultraviolet rays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Johann Wilhelm Ritter and the discovery of ultraviolet rays
		Strongly influenced by the philosophical views of Romanticism and Naturphilosophie, he believed in the principle of polarity in nature, and after Herschel’s discovery, he hypothesized a possible polarity in the spectrum and successfully looked for invisible radiation beyond the violet.
		The reception of this discovery was hindered by Ritter’s abstruse style and his tendency to mix speculations with scientific observations.
	www.physik.uni-halle.de /Fachgruppen/history/24_sum.htm (195 words)

	Ritter, Johann Wilhelm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He believed it 'broadened man's view beyond the narrow region of visible light to encompass the entire electromagnetic spectrum from the shortest gamma rays to the longest radio waves'.
		Ritter discovered that silver chloride decomposed in the presence of light, and that it decomposed at an even faster rate when exposed to invisible light.
		During his time, Ritter was interested in experiments of electrical excitation of muscles and sensory organs.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Arts/photography/fieldskinds/scientificph/medscient/pioneers/ritter/ritter.htm (186 words)

	Caneva lecture - November 16, 2000
		In a third and still more complicated case, a study of the work of German romantic physicist Johann Wilhelm Ritter (1776-1810), I came from the secondary literature with the naive idea that among Ritter's lasting achievements was his discovery of ultraviolet light.
		Embracing this new conceptualization of light, Wilhelm Friedrich Eisenlohr soon thereafter introduced the term that defined the region beyond the violet end of the spectrum not in terms of its chemical action but simply in terms of its location along a spectrum that was now explicitly all light.
		What Ritter actually observed was the local darkening of silver chloride beyond the violet end of the visible solar spectrum, but he, like everyone else, saw that as resulting from the action of invisible rays.
	www.sil.si.edu /silpublications/dibner-library-lectures/scientific-discoveries/text-lecture.htm (5097 words)

	Ritter, Johann Wilhelm - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Ritter, Johann Wilhelm
		Ritter was born in Samnitz, Silesia (now in Poland), and studied medicine at Jena.
		Until 1804 he also taught at Jena and at Gotha, before moving to Munich as a member of the Bavarian Academy of Science.
		In 1800, Ritter electrolysed water to produce hydrogen and oxygen and two years later developed a dry battery, both of which phenomena convinced him that electrical forces were involved in chemical bonding.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Ritter,%20Johann%20Wilhelm (174 words)

	Search Results for Ritter - Encyclopædia Britannica
		American priest who was the founder in 1969 of Covenant House in New York City, a haven for runaway children and homeless teenagers; Ritter was forced to resign from Covenant House in 1990, when...
		German physicist who discovered the ultraviolet region of the spectrum and thus helped broaden man's view beyond the narrow region of visible light to encompass the entire electromagnetic spectrum...
		Baer, Karl Ernst, Ritter von, Edler von Huthorn
	www.britannica.com /search?query=Ritter&chooseSearch=0 (354 words)

	Ritter og Ørsted (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Et uddrag af et brev fra J. Ritter til H. Ørsted forekommer mig naturligt at tage med i denne sammenhæng, selv om det altså ikke er en af Ørsteds egne tekster.
		Brevet fra Ritter kan dog med god ret siges at udtrykke mere vidtgående meninger, end den mere jordbundne Ørsted gav udtryk for.
		Brev fra Ritter til Ørsted (i min oversættelse).
	www.lassus.dk /~oersted/ritter (101 words)

	Johann Wilhelm Ritter - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1800, only months after the English chemist William Nicholson succeeded in decomposing water into hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis, Johann Ritter duplicated the experiment but arranged the electrodes so that he could collect the two gases separately, thus improving on the experiments of Carlisle and Nicholson.
		The basic concept of electrolysis and electroplating were discovered by Ritter at the same time or in some cases earlier than Carlisle and Nicholson's, Cruickanks', or Davy's experiments.
		In 1801 he observed thermoelectric currents and anticipated the discovery of thermoelectricity by Thomas Johann Seebeck.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Johann_Wilhelm_Ritter (622 words)

	Johann Wilhelm Ritter -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The German physicist Johann Wilhelm Ritter, having learned of Herschel's discovery of infrared waves, looked beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum of the Sun and found (in 1801) that there exist invisible rays that darken silver chloride even more efficiently than visible light.
		One of the great organ masters of the generation before Johann Sebastian Bach, Johann Pachelbel strongly influenced the development of the chorale, or traditional Protestant hymn tune, and popularized performances of music composed solely for the organ.
		Perhaps the major German Romantic conductor of the 20th century, Wilhelm Furtwängler is remembered primarily for his long association with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, which lasted, except for two brief interludes, from 1922 until his death.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?eu=65425&tocid=0 (690 words)

	Johann Wilhelm Ritter - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Johann Wilhelm Ritter - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This page was last modified 03:21, 18 Mar 2005.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Johann Wilhelm Ritter contains research on
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Johann_Wilhelm_Ritter (122 words)

	UCSB : Germanic Slavic and Semitic Studies
		Jocelyn Holland's areas of research include comparative literature (French, Spanish, Portuguese), rhetoric, the philosophy of nature, and German thought - Goethe and German romanticism, with an emphasis on the intersections between literature and the history of science.
		She has written articles on Goethe and Schlegel and is currently working on a project that explores "feminine indifference" in the work of the physicist and philosopher of nature Johann Wilhelm Ritter.
		This project is part of a longer book-length study on models of procreation in literature and scientific discourse around 1800 (a revision / expansion of her dissertation Poetic Procreation: Goethe, Novalis, Schlegel, E.T.A. Hoffmann).
	www.gss.ucsb.edu /PeopleFacultyHolland.shtml (151 words)

	historzcmb
		After a suggestion from Melanchthon (1497-1560), Johann Friedrich the Magnanimous decided to establish a new university in Jena, which was officially opened on February 2, 1558.
		The 24 year old Ritter concluded that unknown radiation should also exist on the opposite side of the visible spectrum beyond the blue range.
		Richter, K., Der Physiker des Romantikerkreises Johann Wilhelm Ritter in seinen Briefen and den Verleger Carl Friedrich Ernst Frommann.
	www.mti.uni-jena.de /~i6koka/history/text.html (2796 words)

	Antone Ritter's Guestbook
		Olive Blanche Ritter was my grandmother and her marriage to Ed Stokesbury produced 4 children and her marriage to WS Van Trump produced 2 children.
		Israel Ritter (1849)Liberty, Tioga, Pennsylvania--would be Olive's grandfather his wife was Mary J. Scheffer (1853)married 1872 and married and born in Liberty, Tioga, Pennsylvania and his great grandfather was Emanuel Ritter and his wife was Margaret Brantmuller.
		I am searching for a George Ritter who was a USAF aviation cadet (the class was 58 Mike) He did not complete the training but was an accomplished pilot even before entering.
	www.netxroad.com /antone/guestbook.htm (5343 words)

	Genealogy pages - Person Page 8
		At age 30, Elisabeth was on 11 November 1927 widowed through the death of her husband Karl Wilhelm at Dessau, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany, who died on duty as a graduated engineer and pilot.
		Maria married Wilhelm Möller on 29 November 1915 at Zweibrücken, Pfalz.
		Marta married Otto Kranzbühler, son of Johann Daniel Kranzbühler and Caroline Philippine Raquet, on 21 July 1900 at Frankeneck, Rheinland-Pfalz.
	home.iprimus.com.au /kranzbuhler/GenEn/p8.htm (1547 words)

	Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
		In seine eignen leidenschaftlichen Betrachtungen vertieft, ritt Wilhelm weiter, ohne viel über das, was er sah, nachzudenken, stellte sein Pferd in einem Gasthofe ein und eilte nicht ohne Bewegung nach dem Schlosse zu.
		Wilhelm ward dringender, und endlich mußte der Alte nachgeben und ihn melden.
	www.manybooks.net /titles/goethejoetext008wml710.html (171 words)

	Ultraviolet UV light history for bacteria organism inactivation
		The following year, Johann Wilhelm Ritter, a Samitz, Siles, (now Poland), born Physicist, having heard of Herscel's discovery of "Ultra-Red", decided to determine if light existed beyond the violet end of the spectrum.
		While attending the University of Jena in what is now Germany, Ritter conducted experiments where silver-chloride, a light sensitive material, was exposed to the colours of the visible spectrum which he created by passing sunlight through a glass prism.
		When Ritter placed the silver-chloride beyond the violet end of the spectrum, an even more intense reaction occurred.
	www.spectralinnovations.com /reference/ultraviolet_light.htm (570 words)

	The Rise of Astrophysics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Johann Rudolf Wolf (1816-1893), then a professor of mathematics and astronomy in Bern, was one of the few inspired to action by Schwabe's 1843 report.
		Ritter, like other Naturphilosophie adherents, espoused a belief in the underlying unity of natural forces, and in their polarity as the root cause of all change in both animate and inanimate bodies.
		Johann Wilhelm Ritter, Auszüge aus briefen an den herausgeber von den Herren Ritter und Böckmann, "Annalen der Physik", VII, 1801, p.
	eee.uci.edu /clients/bjbecker/astrophysics.html (12859 words)

	The Discovery of the Spectrum of Light
		Ritter decided to measure the rate at which silver chloride reacted to the different colors of light.
		He then placed silver chloride in each color of the spectrum and found that it showed little change in the red part of the spectrum, but darkened toward the violet end of the spectrum.
		NOTE: The term “light” is often extended to adjacent wavelength ranges that the eye cannot detect - to infrared radiation, which has a frequency less than that of visible light, and to ultraviolet radiation, which have a frequency greater than that of visible light.
	www.juliantrubin.com /bigten/lightexperiments.html (933 words)

	The High-Energy Astrophysics Dictionary
		That the orbits of the planets are ellipses, not circles, was first discovered by Johannes Kepler based on the careful observations by Tycho Brahe.
		Ritter is credited with discovering and investigating the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
		The smallest distance from a planet or other body at which purely gravitational forces can hold together a satellite or secondary body of the same mean density as the primary; at less than this distance the tidal forces of the primary would break up the secondary.
	skyview.gsfc.nasa.gov /help/dictionary.html (7350 words)

	Ernst Wilhelm Ritter von Brücke (www.whonamedit.com)
		Ernst Wilhelm Ritter von Brücke was the son of Johann Gottfried Brücke, a painter of portraits and historical motives.
		It was thus not until the end of the year 1844 he became Privatdozent the University of Berlin, teaching physiology.
		Johann Müller’s circle of friends and colleagues at the time included Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (1821-1894), Emil Heinrich Du Bois-Reymond (1818-1896), and, indirectly, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig (1816-1895).
	www.whonamedit.com /doctor.cfm/2851.html (1254 words)

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