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Topic: John, Prince of Portugal

	John of Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Infante João of Portugal (1160-1169), son of Afonso I of Portugal;
		Infante João of Portugal (1400-1442), son of John I; Infante João of Portugal (1429-1433), son of Edward of Portugal;
		João, Crown Prince of Portugal (1451-1451), son of Afonso V of Portugal;
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John,_Prince_of_Portugal (244 words)

	Portugal - LoveToKnow Watches
		The climate of Portugal is equable and temperate.
		Six-sevenths of the population of continental Portugal inhabit the provinces north of the Tagus.
		In 1095 Portugal was an obscure border fief of the kingdom of Leon.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Portugal (15440 words)

	European Explorers: Nenry the Navigator
		Prince Henry the Navigator was the fifth child and fourth son of King John I (João I) and Queen Phillippa.
		Henry was born in 1394 as one of the sons of the Portuguese King John I, founder of the Aviz dynasty.
		Prince Henry was born in 1394 as the third son of King John I (King Joao I) of Portugal.
	www.cdli.ca /CITE/exnavigator.htm (962 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Portugal is bordered by Spain on the east and north and by the Atlantic Ocean on the west and south.
		After John's death (1826) Pedro also became king of Portugal but abdicated in favor of his daughter, Maria II (reigned 1826-53), on condition that she accept a new charter limiting royal authority and marry Dom Miguel.
		Although her reign was marred by coups and dictatorship, the activities of moderates and liberals laid a groundwork for the reforms—penal laws, a civil code (1867), and commercial regulations—of the reigns of Peter V (1853-61; begun under the regency of Maria's husband Ferdinand II) and of Louis I (1861-89).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/P/Portugal.asp (3522 words)

	Henry the Navigator
		Henry the Navigator (13941460), prince of Portugal, noted as the patron of navigation and exploration, born in Oporto.
		John, duke of Braganza, was elected John IV, first king of the house of Braganza, which ruled Portugal as long as the monarchy endured.
		In 1826 Pedro I of Brazil succeeded to the throne of Portugal as Pedro IV.
	www.blackstudies.ucsb.edu /antillians/henry.html (1893 words)

	John, Crown Prince of Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		IPA /ʒu.'ɐ̃w̃/) (June 3, 1537 - January 2, 1554) (in English: John) was the eighth son of King John III of Portugal by his wife Catherine of Habsburg (princess of Spain), daughter of Philip of Flanders and Joanna of Castile.
		João was born in June 3, 1537 in Évora and became the heir to the throne of Portugal in 1539.
		His death at the age of only sixteen was the beginning of the succession problem in Portugal that would end in the loss of independence to Spain in 1580.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John,_Crown_Prince_of_Portugal (271 words)

	Portugal. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Absolutism reached its height under John V and under Joseph (reigned 1750–77), when the marquês de Pombal was the de facto ruler of the land.
		Under the regency of Maria’s son (later John VI; 1816–26) Portugal’s alliance with Britain led to difficulties with France; in 1807 the forces of Napoleon I marched on Portugal.
		After John’s death (1826) Pedro also became king of Portugal but abdicated in favor of his daughter, Maria II (reigned 1826–53), on condition that she accept a new charter limiting royal authority and marry Dom Miguel.
	www.bartleby.com /65/po/Portugal.html (3353 words)

	European Voyages of Exploration: The Portuguese Empire
		Although Portugal lacked the wealth and population of its contemporaries, it would lead the European community in the exploration of sea routes to the African continent, the Atlantic Islands, and to Asia and South America over the course of the sixteenth century.
		Portugal was born from this struggle to reconquer Iberia from the Moors.
		Portugal desperately needed strong leadership to continue to fight off the ambitious Castilian king, and in 1385 the Portuguese Cortes proclaimed the 28-year-old Master of Avis as King João I. With the support of his kingdom and his English allies, the young king soundly defeated the Castilians at Aljubarrota, thereby securing Portugal's independence.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/portuguese.html (1090 words)

	Henry the Navigator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Prince Henry has become a legendary figure, and it is somewhat difficult to disentangle the historical facts from the heroic legends which surround him.
		Prince Henry (properly the Infante Dom Henrique) was born in 1394, the third son of King João of Portugal.
		Prince Henry, who played a major part in assembling the fleet of 200 ships, wanted to attack Tangiers in revenge for his brother Fernão's death in captivity, but his wishes were overruled.
	www.thornr.demon.co.uk /kchrist/phenry.html (3608 words)

	Sebastian - LoveToKnow Watches
		Sebastido) (1554-1578), the posthumous son of Prince John of Portugal and of his wife Joanna, daughter of the emperor Charles, was born in 1554, and became king in on the death of his grandfather John III.
		Sebastian's education was, entrusted to a Jesuit, D. Luiz Congalves da Camara and to D. Aleixo de Menezes, a veteran who had served under Albuquerque.
		The third, Gabriel Espinosa, was a man of some education,, whose adherents included members of the Austrian and Spanish courts and of the Society of Jesus in Portugal.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Sebastian (1004 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Portugal (History) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Portugal is bordered by Spain on the east and
		She went (1340) to Portugal as a lady in waiting to Constance of Castile, wife of the heir to the Portuguese throne, Dom Pedro (later Peter I).
		Portugal's best manors: many aristocratic families here are opening their doors to travelers, offering them a very personal glimpse of the country's rich history.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/10429.html (681 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Saint John de Brito
		Against the strenuous objections of his family, he volunteered for the missions in India in 1673, and was sent to Madura.
		One of the wives, the niece of the rajah, had John imprisoned and tortured for a month, but being a religious man was no crime, so he was released.
		John and his catechists were imprisoned, tortured, and ordered to leave the country.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/saintj56.htm (261 words)

	European Voyages of Exploration: Prince Henry the Navigator
		Prince Henry the Navigator was the fifth child and fourth son of King João I (John I) and Queen Philippa.
		Prince Henry and his brothers began to think of an alternate plan that would enable them to win their spurs in a time of peace with the Castilians and the Spaniards.
		Prince Henry organised an invasion force and when Portuguese ships, under the command of King João I, entered Ceuta in 1415, the city was unprepared and fell to the Portuguese with relative ease.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/henry1.html (668 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Blessed Ferdinand
		He was one of five sons, his mother being Philippa, daughter of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and his father King John I, known in history for his victories over the Moors and in particular for his conquest of Ceuta, a powerful Moorish stronghold, and his establishment of an episcopal see within its walls.
		The Moors likewise demanded that one of the princes be delivered into their hands as a hostage for the delivery of the city.
		One of the latter, João Alvarez, his secretary and biographer, carried his heart to Portugal in 1451, and in 1473 his body was brought to Portugal, and laid to rest in the royal vault at Batalha amid imposing ceremonies.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06039c.htm (1291 words)

	John I, king of Portugal
		John was elected king in 1385, and in the same year a great victory over the Castilians at Aljubarrota assured Portuguese independence (though peace was not finally concluded until 1411).
		John's position was strengthened by an alliance with England, sealed by a treaty (1386) and by John's marriage (1387) to Philippa, daughter of
		Henry the Navigator - Henry the Navigator, 1394–1460, prince of Portugal, patron of exploration.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0826401.html (252 words)

	Royalty.nu - The History of Portugal - Portuguese Royalty
		The son of 15th century Portuguese king John I, Henry the Navigator was an important patron of navigators and explorers.
		Prince Henry, the Navigator: Pioneer of Modern Exploration by Aileen Gallagher.
		Frommer's Portugal by Darwin Porter and Danforth Prince.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/Portugal.html (849 words)

	The Templars In Portugal \| The Knights Templar \| templarhistory.com
		Dinis was instrumental in the growth of industry within Portugal forming a commercial treaty with King Edward I of England in 1294.
		Prince Henry of Portugal was born in 1394, the third son of King Joao I. At the age of twenty, Prince Henry, accepted by historians as a devoutly religious man, persuaded his father to embark on a Crusade against the Muslim port of Ceuta, on the northern coast of Africa.
		Despite this, in Portugal the Order of Christ continued to be strong and Manuel I did much to support it, aided by Pope Alexander VI, who issued a bull allowing knights of the order to marry.
	www.templarhistory.com /portugal.html (2809 words)

	[No title]
		In 1807, Portugal was invaded by Napoleon, and the Portuguese prince John escaped to the colony of Brazil.
		The prince spent 14 years there, and made dozens of significant political reforms, including upgrading the status of the colony to a Kingdom (making it essentially equal to Portugal).
		Prince John became King John VI when the queen, Maria I, died in 1816.
	www.pairlist.net /pipermail/politrivia/2000-September.txt (2864 words)

	Prince Henry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Prince Henry had three major goals in his life: explore unknown lands, spread Christianity to the continents of Asia and Africa, and lastly he wanted to find an ocean route around Africa to Asia.
		Prince Henry also inaugurated a policy for exploration that would be followed by all European explorers.
		Prince Henery even used translators to learn about many places to be explored by Europe in the future.
	www.wadsworth.k12.oh.us /central/Explorers/Henry.htm (779 words)

	Britannia Biographies: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This prince, the fourth son of King Edward III and Queen Philippa, was born at Ghent (or Gaunt) in Flanders, in 1340.
		John continued to govern the Kingdom during the minority of his nephew, Richard II, by whom, in 1389, he was created Duke of Aquitaine.
		John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset and Marquis of Dorset, KG Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Lincoln, afterwards of Winchester, and, at length, Cardinal and Chancellor of England
	www.britannia.com /bios/royals/jgdklanc.html (780 words)

	The Periphery of Francia: Spain, Britain, Eastern Europe, & Scandinavia
		Portugal, which began as a county of León, was the only kingdom to ultimately maintain its independence of the rest of Spain.
		Also, John of Avis had an illegitimate son, the Duke of Braganza, who leads to the Kings of Portugal after Spanish rule is overthrown in 1640.
		Revolt of Portugal, 1640; Revolt of Catalonia, 1640-1659
	www.friesian.com /perifran.htm (11163 words)

	Prince Henry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Prince Henry of Portugal (1394-1460) was called the Navigator not because he went to sea himself, but rather because he encouraged exploration in the early 15th century.
		In Prince Henry's day the way to get rich was by finding and grabbing new land, hopefully land that had no people living on it, or at least people who were not able to fight back.
		He was the third surviving son of King John I of Portugal, so the king gave Henry the monopoly for travel and trade on the Guiana Coast.
	ntap.k12.ca.us /whs/projects/history/princehenry.html (368 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Alfonso III of Portugal
		Afonso III of Portugal (the Burgundian), fifth king of Portugal, was born in Coimbra on May 5, 1210 and died in February 16, 1279, in the same city.
		As the second son of Afonso II of Portugal, Afonso was not expected to inherit the throne, which was thought destined to his brother Sancho.
		Afonso, prince of Portugal (1263-1312), married to princess Violante of Castile
	nygaard.howards.net /files/200.htm (530 words)

	Mappa.Mundi Magazine - Locus - Prince Henry, The Navigator
		The life story of Prince Henry the Navigator ("Infante Dom Henrique") is a mixture of history, legend and myth, leading some to question whether he actually operated a 'school' for seafaring navigation at Ponto de Sagres at the southwestern tip of Portugal.
		Adopting that strategy earned Prince Henry "The Navigator" of Portugal not only fame but a long life as well; sea voyages in the 15th century were nothing like today's relaxing cruises.
		Henry's mother was Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt; Henry was cousin to three English kings, all also named Henry (IV, V, and VI), and his aunt was married to the king of Castile.
	mappa.mundi.net /locus/locus_011 (1280 words)

	Prince Henry the Navigator - EnchantedLearning.com
		Prince Henry (Henrique) the Navigator (1394-1460) was a Portuguese royal prince, soldier, and patron of explorers.
		When he was 21, Prince Henry (with his father and brothers) attacked the Moslem port of Ceutha in north Morocco (in Africa, across the Mediterranean Sea).
		Prince Henry was determined to see Portuguese sailors sail down the west coast of Africa to find the limits of the Muslim world (in order to defeat the Muslims), and to find the legendary Christian empire of the priest-king Prester John (who did not, in fact, exist).
	www.enchantedlearning.com /explorers/page/h/henry.shtml (770 words)

	Henry the Navigator
		In 1416 he established at Sagres in SW Portugal a base for explorations, later adding a naval arsenal and an observatory and a school for the study of geography and navigation.
		Henry's chief importance, however, lay in his notable contributions to the art of navigation and to the progress of exploration, which provided the groundwork for the development of Portugal's colonial empire and for the country's rise to international prominence in the 16th cent.
		Duarte, king of Portugal - Duarte, 1391–1438, king of Portugal (1433–38), eldest of the five sons of John I. He...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0823399.html (471 words)

	Discoverers Web: Henry the Navigator
		Another important goal was to find Prester John, a christian king that was rumoured to hold a large empire somewhere in Africa.
		Prince Henry was a crusader at least as much as a discoverer.
		By the time Prince Henry died, in 1460, the Portuguese had reached Cape Palmas (Liberia), and a trading post had been established in Arguim (an island near Cape Verde).
	www.win.tue.nl /~engels/discovery/henry.html (770 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: Vasco da Gama: Round Africa to India, 1497-1498 CE
		Both Prince John and Prince Manuel continued the efforts of Prince Henry to find a sea route to India, and in 1497 Manuel placed Vasco da Gama, who already had some reputation as a warrior and navigator, in charge of four vessels built especially for the expedition.
		Then, throwing his eyes on the captain-major, who sat facing him, he invited him to address himself to the courtiers present, saying they were men of much distinction, that he could tell them whatever he desired to say, and they would repeat it to him (the king).
		The captain-major replied that he was the ambassador of the King of Portugal, and the bearer of a message which he could only deliver to him personally.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1497degama.html (5967 words)

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