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	John Boydell -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		John Boydell (1719 - December, 1804) was an (An Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the Commonwealth countries) English (The proprietor of a newspaper) publisher, noted for his reproductions of engravings.
		In 1746 he published a volume of views in England and (One of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria) Wales, and started in business as a print-seller.
		Towards the close of his life Boydell sustained severe losses through the (The revolution in France against the Bourbons; 1789-1799) French Revolution, and was compelled to dispose of his Shakespeare gallery by (Players buy (or are given) chances and prizes are distributed according to the drawing of lots) lottery.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/j/jo/john_boydell.htm (225 words)

	§3. Boydell. VI. Caricature and the Literature of Sport. Vol. 14. The Victorian Age, Part Two. The Cambridge ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Boydell began his successful career by engraving small landscapes, which, because print-shops were few, he exhibited in the windows of toy-shops.
		Boydell’s illustrated edition of Shakespeare was published in 1802; but he had begun to collect materials for it so early as 1786.
		With Boydell, the print-seller first developed into the patron and employer, and the development was to have an important, if indirect, influence upon the relations of pictorial art to literature.
	www.bartleby.com /224/0603.html (473 words)

	The Boydell Shakespeare Gallery: Einführung (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Although John Boydell may have intended to lend his support to history painting, he was, in fact, encouraging a rival genre of theater painting, competing with, yet very much influenced by, the more traditional genre.
		In the version Josiah Boydell later related to Joseph Farington, the discussion had turned to the fine illustrated editions of their distinguished authors that the French were producing, and the lament that the English had failed to publish any works of comparable elegance.
		John Boydell himself had launched his career with engravings of his own sketches; Josiah Boydell, his nephew and business-partner, was trained as engraver.
	www.shakespeare-gesellschaft.de /deutsch/boydell/burwickintro.html (9464 words)

	Histories and Tragedies from the Boydell Shakespeare Folio: Introduction
		John Boydell (1719 - 1804) was a noted engraver, publisher, print-seller, and even Lord Mayor of London, who established the Shakespeare Gallery and sold to subscribers engravings of the paintings shown there.
		John Boydell, an enterprising and ambitious publisher of fine prints and Alderman of London, succeeded in changing the flow of art trade with the Continent from one of import to export as the demand for British artists soared in the second half of the eighteenth century.
		Alderman Boydell declared that "Englishmen wanted nothing but proper encouragement and a proper subject to excel in historical painting," and when it was clear that he would provide this incentive in the form of capital, another member of the group suggested Shakespeare as the most worthy of national subjects.
	gulib.lausun.georgetown.edu /dept/speccoll/guac/boydell_04/intro.htm (921 words)

	Boydell, John on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The leading English artists were commissioned and a gallery was built by Boydell to house the works.
		Hawthorne's 150-pounder Brian Seiler pinned Midland Park's John Boydell in 3:17 Saturday during B-PSL wrestling match.
		Philip the Bold: the Formation of the Burgundian State; John the Fearless: the Growth of Burgundian Power; Philip the Good: the Apogee of Burgundy; Charles the Bold: the Last...
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/B/Boydell.asp (382 words)

	Boydell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Boydell was clearly one of England’s most remarkable 18th century people.
		Once again, these engravings were widely acclaimed and John Boydell now found himself as the head of England’s most influential publishing house.
		John Boydell had now established England as a major capital for the arts and this once poor and struggling artist was now acknowledged for his efforts by being elected no less than Lord Mayor of London in 1791.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/B/Boydell/Boydell.htm (367 words)

	The Battle of Jersey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		John Boydell was a pushy, successful engraver, whose business was at 90 Cheapside in London.
		Boydell's imagination had been captured by the report of the Battle of Jersey and he influenced Copley to paint it.
		Despite Boydell's part in the original concept, it was not until 1796 that he was able to announce in his new catalogue that James Heath, a most respected engraver had made a plate which Boydell was able to publish.
	www.jersey.co.uk /jsyinfo/battljer.html (843 words)

	George Glazer Gallery - From Illustrations of the Dramatic Works of Shakespeare
		They are based on paintings commissioned by John Boydell (1719-1804) from leading British artists for his Shakespeare Gallery, a phenomenally successful project credited with changing the course of English painting by creating a market for historical and literary works.
		Boydell issued the first set of engravings based on the paintings in 1791, then published a nine-volume folio edition in 1802, and two-volume elephant folios of all the engravings based on the paintings in the gallery in 1803.
		Boydell is credited with encouraging the development of engraving in England with, among other things, these illustrations of scenes from Shakespeare.
	www.georgeglazer.com /prints/aanda/art-pre20/boydell2.html (625 words)

	The Shakespeare Gallery: Romeo & Juliet
		A land surveyor turned engraver, Boydell began early in his career to publish his own prints, chiefly of English views he himself drew.
		Boydell became quite wealthy, but he chose to spend most of the fortune he made from print publishing into promoting the arts through the commission of both the engravings and the paintings these were taken from, as well as the physical development of the Shakespeare Gallery.
		In his later years, he was awarded civic honors for his patronage of the arts: in 1782 he became alderman of London, a post he held until his death; in 1785 he was made sheriff of the city, and then he served as Lord mayor for the year 1790/1791.
	smartmuseum.uchicago.edu /education/shakespeare/about_boydell.html (370 words)

	The Shakespeare Gallery: Romeo & Juliet
		One of the mandatory sights for a visitor to London at the end of the eighteenth century was Alderman Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery.
		In November 1786 Josiah Boydell, his print-publisher uncle Alderman John Boydell, and the bookseller George Nicol, along with other artists and friends, conceived of the idea for the Shakespeare Gallery.
		John Boydell had originally intended to give the contents of the collection to the England as a gift, but increased costs and a turbulent political environment made this generous gesture impossible.
	smartmuseum.uchicago.edu /education/shakespeare/boydell_gallery.html (499 words)

	John Boydell - TheBestLinks.com - England, French Revolution, London, William Shakespeare, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		John Boydell - TheBestLinks.com - England, French Revolution, London, William Shakespeare,...
		John Boydell, England, French Revolution, London, William Shakespeare, 1790...
		John Boydell (1719-1804) was an English publisher, noted for his reproductions of engravings.
	www.thebestlinks.com /John_Boydell.html (262 words)

	PRINTS BY WILLIAM HOGARTH
		Boydell sold prints taken from these original plates as separate images "suitable for framing," but also in 1790, the year he was Lord Mayor of London, Boydell issued an atlas folio with 103 prints entitled The Original Works of William Hogarth.
		Boydell reissued the folio twice, and the plates were later acquired by Baldwin, Cradock and Joy in 1818.
		The prints from the Boydell folios, which have become quite rare, are the last done from the original plates in the eighteenth century, and these from the 1790 edition, retain the detail and richness of impression which marks them as early strikes.
	www.philaprintshop.com /hogarth.html (476 words)

	Art Critic London (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		As we can see in the Dulwich Picture Gallery's Shakespeare in Art, Boydell's artists treated Shakespeare like any other literary source, allowing their imaginations free reign as they illustrated moments in the comedies and tragedies, unconstrained by the need to document actual stage sets, costumes or actors.
		About 20 years earlier, for example, the Scottish artist John Runciman depicted Lear and his entourage on a rocky coastline raging against the elements in a way that could never have been shown in the theatre.
		The first painting to illustrate a scene from Shakespeare in British art was William Hogarth's Falstaff Examining his Troops of 1730, and it shows the actor John Harper in one of his best-known roles, on stage and in costume.
	www.theartnewspaper.com /artcritic/level1/reviewarchive/2003/03_07_22_shake.html (1039 words)

	George Glazer Gallery - Artists and Engravers of Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery
		Collyer was elected associate engraver of the Royal Academy in 1786 and was appointed portrait engraver to Queen Charlotte, wife of George III.
		George Sigmund Facius and John Gottleib Facius were etchers and engravers based in England.
		He worked on John Boydell’s Shakespeare Gallery, and many of his other history and genre works were also engraved.
	www.georgeglazer.com /prints/aanda/art-pre20/boydellbios.html (1690 words)

	John Graham and Cormac Boydell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This exhibition juxtaposes the fl, white and muted greys of John Graham’s abstract prints with the expressive and colourful ceramic sculpture of Cormac Boydell.
		John Graham’s work is characterised by the relationship between opposites, fl and white, positive and negative, and the act of drawing through printmaking, which has always been a central element of his work.
		Boydell retains an organic and expressive quality in his finished pieces by choosing to use his hands as his only tools.
	www.artireland.net /sys-tmpl/htmlpage1 (240 words)

	Library Associates Newsletter Spring 2004
		Opening May 19 in the Fairchild Gallery, Histories and Tragedies from The Boydell Shakespeare Folio will present twenty-five engravings, dating from 1791 to 1803, that were adapted from paintings shown at the Shakespeare Gallery in London in the late eighteenth century.
		John Boydell (1719-1804) was a noted engraver, publisher, print-seller, and even Lord Mayor of London, who established the Shakespeare Gallery and sold to subscribers engravings of the paintings shown there.
		His son, Josiah Boydell, published the collected engravings after John Boydell's death.
	gulib.lausun.georgetown.edu /advancement/newsletter/71/boydell71.htm (141 words)

	Art and Literature
		The Gallery was the first major effort in the commercialization of art, via the entrepreneurial skills of John Boydell, "the Commercial Maecenas," who opened London's first commercial gallery to exhibit paintings and engraved prints produced by his printing house.
		Although John Boydell may have intended to lend his support to history painting, in fact he was encouraging a rival genre of theater painting, competing with, but very much defining itself, invited a consierable range or experimentation amoung the artists who had accepted commissions from Boydell.
		John Boydell may have claimed it his purpose to establish an English School of History Painting, but his artists were eclectic both in their styles and in their national heritage.
	www.bc.edu /bc_org/avp/cas/artmuseum/exhibitions/archive/artlit.html (1026 words)

	University of Delaware. Literature Reimagined. William Shakespeare
		Cotes, for John Smethwick, and are to be sold at his shop in Saint Dunstans Church-yard, 1632.
		Boydell commissioned the best artists of the day to produce fine engravings of Shakespearean scenes with meticulous detail, and created a type foundry, an ink factory, and a printing house specifically for this edition.
		The result was a beautiful, luxurious edition that took nearly sixteen years to produce, with handsome typography and engravings of the highest quality; an edition that was a triumph in the history of book arts.
	www.lib.udel.edu /ud/spec/exhibits/text/shakesp.htm (685 words)

	FABS Article - Bensley, Bulmer, Bewick & Boydell
		William Bulmer was born in Newcastle in 1757 and was apprenticed to a Newcastle printer, John Thompson.
		Thomas Bewick and Robert Pollard, the engravers, were apprentices in Newcastle at about the same time, and the three young men struck up a friendship which lasted all their lives.
		John Boydell (1719-1804), the publisher of engravings, formed a gallery of paintings illustrating the works of Shakespeare, and, in the late 1780s, was discussing with George Nicol, bookseller to George III, the publication of a "magnificent national edition of Shakspeare [sic]." This edition was to be illustrated with engravings from these paintings.
	www.fabsbooks.org /bensley.html (952 words)

	John Boydell and Prints in Imitation of Drawings from the Royal Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In 1791 John Boydell (1719-1804), a successful London publisher with a flair for business, acquired most of the resulting plates.
		Boydellís publication differed greatly from the work of Rogers and Crozat.
		Boydellís volume was reasonably priced and prints could be bought singly or as an entire volume, according to the buyerís purse and interest.
	www.hunterian.gla.ac.uk /Archives/CCCexhib/introboyd.htm (280 words)

	Poetic Works of John Milton, printed by John Boydell
		John Boydell (1719-1804), engraver, print publisher, patron of the arts, Lord Mayor of London.
		Boydell commissioned leading artists of the day to produce lavish editions of the greatest English writers.
		London: for John and Josiah Boydell, and George Nicol, 1794-1797.
	www.theworldsgreatbooks.com /boydell_milton.htm (243 words)

	[No title]
		The gallery was established in 1851 by one of the descendants of John Boydell, who was a well known figure in the art business in London in the 18th century (see below for his biography).
		Boydell was a draughtsman, line engraver, publisher and print seller, who was born at Stanton in Shropshire and began his career as an engraver of landscapes & topographical views when apprenticed to W.H.Toms.
		Boydell had a tremendous influence on the English print trade, greatly encouraging the art of engraving in this country.
	www.boydellgalleries.co.uk /company-profile.htm (576 words)

	JOHN BOYDELL - LoveToKnow Article on JOHN BOYDELL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		JOHN BOYDELL - LoveToKnow Article on JOHN BOYDELL
		Boydell had previously become an alderman, and rose to be lord mayor of London.
		To properly cite this JOHN BOYDELL article in your work, copy the complete reference below:
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BO/BOYDELL_JOHN.htm (183 words)

	John And Josiah Boydell ( - ) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		John and Josiah Boydell, The Dutch Chymist, 19th century
		John and Josiah Boydell, Shakespeare - Part II of King Henry the Fourth - Act IV, Scene IV., 19th century
		van Rijn, Dutch, 1606-1669 The Beheading of John the Baptist Beheading of John
	wwar.com /masters/b/boydell-john_and_josiah.html (600 words)

	NYPL, James Gillray
		Alderman Boydell is seen kneeling before an altar where copies of Shakespeare’s plays are consumed by fire, fanned by a fool; within the rising smoke, which obscures a statue of Shakespeare, are figures from paintings by Reynolds, West, Fuseli, Northcote, Barry, and Opie, commissioned by Boydell.
		In the far right foreground, Benjamin West, seemingly in collusion with John Boydell, in the center, sneaks away with Thomas Macklin, publisher of several of Gillray’s earliest plates, who planned a gallery dedicated to biblical illustrations and British poets, similar to the Shakespeare Gallery.
		The spencer was a short double-breasted overcoat, named for George John Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer (probably the figure on the left), who, according to one legend, wagered that he could start a fashion by trimming the skirts of his overcoat (allegedly clipped during a riding accident).
	www.nypl.org /research/chss/spe/art/print/exhibits/gillray/part7.html (3015 words)

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