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	John Cage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cage was an early composer of what he called "chance music" (and what others have decided to label aleatoric music)—music where some elements are left to be decided by chance; he is also well known for his non-standard use of musical instruments and his pioneering exploration of electronic music.
		Cage was born in Los Angeles and was of English and Scottish descent.
		Cage described his mother as a woman with "a sense of society" who was "never happy." It was not obvious from his early life that he would become a composer; he was born into an Episcopalian family, and his paternal grandfather regarded the violin as the "instrument of the devil".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Cage (4529 words)

	Cage, John. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Cage sought to break down the barrier between “art” and “nonart,” maintaining that all sounds are of interest.
		Cage, who for many years was associated with choreographer Merce Cunningham, also wrote music for the dance, to be played independently of the choreography.
		A kind of musical provocateur, Cage is noted for his inventiveness, his humor, and his strong influence on minimalist composers such as Philip Glass and on the development of performance art.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ca/Cage-Joh.html (366 words)

	John Cage
		John Cage was born in Los Angeles, California and studied composition with Henry Cowell, Adolph Weiss and Arnold Schoenberg.
		Cage's view on the selection of objects to employ in a prepared piano piece were at the whim of the composer.
		Cage understood that music is a victim of a business oriented, commodity driven society in which something has value only in so far as we can trade it for some thing else.
	www.emayzine.com /infoage/lectures/music/john_cage.html (695 words)

	[No title]
		Cage demonstrated such a level of accomplishment that by the time he was twelve, he had already secured his own radio show and was performing piano over the airwaves.
		Cage began his studies with Schoenberg, but Schoenberg felt that Cage had no sense of harmony and after a time decided that Cage was no longer worth instructing.
		Cage's resulting work was Williams Mix, which employed the use of 42 phonograph recordings, which were recorded onto tape and spliced into small segments.
	www-camil.music.uiuc.edu /Projects/EAM/Cage.html (1186 words)

	4′33″ - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cage wrote in "A Composer's Confessions" (1948) that he had the desire to "compose a piece of uninterrupted silence and sell it to the Muzak Co. It will be 4 [and a half] minutes long -- these being the standard lengths of 'canned' music, and its title will be 'Silent Prayer'.
		Cage's friend and sometime colleague Robert Rauschenberg had produced a series of 'white' paintings, apparently 'blank' canvases that in fact change according to varying light conditions in the rooms in which they were hung, the shadows of people in the room and so on.
		Cage chose the length of the famous first premiere performance by chance methods using I Ching models, and later said that it just as easily could have been any other length.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Four_Minutes_Thirty_Three_Seconds (1717 words)

	U B U W E B :: John Cage
		John Cage: "I began the Diary optimistically in 1965 to celebrate the work of R. Buckmister Fuller, his concern for human needs and world resources, his comprehensive scientific designs for making life on earth an unequivocal success, his insistence that problem solving be continuously regenerative.
		For the recording in the WDR studios in Cologne on July 18th, 1986, Cage had acoustically represented the randomly and continually varying typography by means of two parameters, each one corresponding to a change in typography: by means of a technical change of volume and of the stereophonic position of the voice.
		John Cage was so pleased with the result, which was characterized by its multitudinous perspectives and its transparency, that he agreed to a later recording of the whole Diary This took place five years later, from June 22nd to 24th in 1991, which led to this recording on Wergo.
	www.ubu.com /sound/cage.html (1210 words)

	Introduction to 'The music of John Cage' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		John Cage was a composer; this is the premise from which everything in this book follows.
		In such a case, Cage would take the first note from the original and extend it until the seventh note (removing all the intervening notes); all the notes from the seventh to the eleventh would be removed, leaving a silence.
		Cage tells us that the first two sets of questions were rejected because the individual tones of the original Billings pieces were still locked up by the vertical structure of the tonal harmony--the harmonic structure was antithetical to his musical goals.
	www.music.princeton.edu /~jwp/texts/bookintro.html (2314 words)

	John Cage, Merce Cunningham-Connie's Violin Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Cage's (and by extension, Cunningham's) political views are very much based on what he considered to be the obvious results of technological development, as exemplified in the work of Buckminster Fuller and others; that technology would eventually provide enough food and goods to care for everyone on the planet.
		Cage was immersed in the philosophy of Zen and spent two years attending weekly lectures at Columbia University, given by D.T. Suzuki.
		McLuhan, Cage and Fuller had during the 1960's an Utopian sense of trying to save the world; Cage's work can be said to be a collaboration in that his aim was to work on the global problems of the world in a practical and constructive way.
	www.geocities.com /conniesunday/cage.html (1939 words)

	John Cage and the Avant-Garde: The Sounds of Silence
		I knew John Cage only briefly when I was an undergrad at Wesleyan University, whose music department lauded him as a guiding genius while others disparaged him as a negligible buffoon.
		Cage brilliantly brings the process full circle, bridging the cultural distance that has developed between conventional performance and the sounds of nature where it all began.
		It heralds the replacement of traditional classical music, based as it is on the repertoire of the past rather than the developments of the present, with a far different notion of conceptual art, in which an idea or process (and not necessarily a "musical" one) is taken to an extreme.
	www.classicalnotes.net /columns/silence.html (2366 words)

	James Wierzbicki / John Cage
		John Cage worked in the field of music, and so it was as a composer that he was usually identified.
		Cage was prolific throughout his life, but especially so in the last decade, when ensembles worldwide commissioned pieces from him in honor of his various septuagenarian birthdays.
		Cage has tried several other approaches; his 1952 ''Music for Piano I'' is based on the imperfections in a sheet of manuscript paper, for example, and his 1975 ''Etudes australes'' is a translation into music of stars on a sky map of the Southern Hemisphere.
	pages.sbcglobal.net /jameswierzbicki/cage.htm (6731 words)

	American Masters . John Cage \| PBS
		The piece 4'33'' written by John Cage, is possibly the most famous and imortant piece in twentieth century avant-garde.
		Two of the most important of Cage's early collaborators were the dancer Merce Cunningham and the painter Robert Rauschenberg.
		Many of Cage's ideas about what music could be were inspired by Marcel Duchamp, who revolutionized twentieth-century art by presenting everyday, unadulterated objects in museum settings as finished works of art, which were called "found art," or ready-mades by later scholars.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/americanmasters/database/cage_j.html (652 words)

	John Cage sayings
		Cage's most famous musical composition is entitled 4'33''.
		Eventually one discovers that it is not boring at all." --John Cage.
		Joe Williams, who sent me these Cageisms, writes: "My original source for the quotation was the 1990 PBS American Masters program on John Cage which I have on VHS tape.
	www.writing.upenn.edu /~afilreis/88/cage-quotes.html (1184 words)

	Rolywholyover: A Composition for Museum by John Cage
		This lead Cage to the conclusion that chance operations (such as which type of piano would be available) could have an effect on the performance of a piece that was beyond the control of the composer.
		Rolywholyover is an isomorphic extension of Cage's metamessages to the medium of the museum.
		Rolywholyover being a piece to honor John Cage and his seminal role in the philosophy of music, the node containing the words "composer, author, etc." appear at the top and "time" and "space" at the bottom.
	hypertextbook.com /eworld/rolywholyover.shtml (1613 words)

	NPR : Performance Today -- John Cage: Organ^2/ASLSP
		The title is derived from Cage's direction to play the work "as slow as possible." The John Cage Foundation has taken the composer's directive quite literally; the Halberstadt performance is scheduled to end in the year 2640.
		In a 1982 interview with NPR, John Cage revealed that he wanted to make his "music so that it doesn't force the performers of it into a particular groove, but which gives them some space in which they can breathe and do their own work with a degree of originality.
		Several years after Cage's death in 1992, Betzle and a group of musicologists and philosophers from around the world discussed the possibility of a performance of ASLSP that would truly be in the spirit of John Cage.
	www.npr.org /programs/pt/features/2003/sep/aslsp.html (545 words)

	john Cage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		May John Cage be here always, like the silence he so gently revealed to us.
		Throughout the years, Cage has been elected to nearly every academy of arts in existence,including the Institute of the American Academy, the Institute of Arts and Letters, and the Academy of Arts and Letters, among others.
		Cage consults the I Ching about which rock to use, arriving at one of the 64 hexagrams.
	www.cyberchiks.com /cage_interview.htm (1220 words)

	John Cage
		In 1949 Cage received a Guggenheim Fellowship and an Award from the National Academy of Arts and Letters for having extended the boundaries of music through his work with percussion orchestra and his invention of the prepared piano.
		Cage was the Charles Eliot Norton Professor of Poetry at Harvard University for the 1988-89 academic year.
		Cage went to Japan in December 1986 for the premiere of Etcetera 2/4 Orchestras, which was commissioned by the Suntory International Program for Music Composition.
	www.lovely.com /bios/cage.html (827 words)

	John Cage - Wikiquote
		Notes: many of Cage's works are "unfinished" in the traditional sense, only becoming complete when performed (often as a result of leaving certain elements to chance).
		Notes: many of Cage's works use sounds traditionally regarded as unmusical (radios not tuned to any particular station, for instance): he really did believe that the sound of a truck and the sounds made in a factory had just as much musical worth as the sounds made in a music school.
		"Cage's Music of Changes was a further indication that the arts in general were beginning to consciously deal with the "given" material and, to varying degrees, liberating them from the inherited, functional concepts of control."
	en.wikiquote.org /wiki/John_Cage (456 words)

	fUSION Anomaly. John Cage
		Cage specified exact tunings and volume levels on each radio, even though he had no idea whether a radio station existed at that tuning.
		John Cage was the father of indeterminism, a
		Whatever the truth of these explanations, Cage had gone to a place where he expected there to be no sound, and yet there was some.
	fusionanomaly.net /johncage.html (2795 words)

	Cage, John (1912 - 1992) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		A leading American avant-garde musician, John Cage won notoriety for his famous silent work, 4'33", for any instrument or instruments.
		Equally controversial was 0'0", ten years later, performed by the composer and consisting of the slicing of vegetables, then put into a blender, with the performer concluding by drinking the juice.
		Cage has had a considerable influence on younger composers, with his use of chance and indeterminacy, electronic techniques and every possible experimental device, whether musical or dramatic.
	www.naxos.com /composer/cage.htm (202 words)

	Amazon.com: John Cage: In a Landscape: Music: John Cage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		More idiosyncratic and humorous (Cage always had a great sense of humor) are the "Music for Toy Piano," which shows Cage's ability to see more possibilities than the rest of us, and the short "Prelude to Meditation," which says an enormous amount with a few light touches on the keys.
		Between then and the very moment I received `In a Landscape' John Cage was merely a mark of reference denoting that point at which I stopped taking his work and my life too seriously.
		Stephen Drury has been a great servant of John Cage's music for many years, mostly recording for small labels such as Mode (who honoured him by putting him, along with Irvine Arditti, on their 100th release).
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B000003EL7?v=glance (1715 words)

	Amazon.com: Silence: Lectures and Writings: Books: John Cage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Such is the power of Cage's ideas that he has no need to really 'lecture' about them, he merely presents them and let's their own strength do the rest.
		Cage's ideas presented in the work are fascinating in and of themselves, but even the manner in which he physically notates his thoughts on paper is amazing to see.
		This is the only book of Cage's I have read, but I found it not only cleared up any questions I had about the nature and intention of his work, but also gave me a much greater appreciation of what a true pioneer he was, both as an artist and philosopher.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0819560286?v=glance (1397 words)

	John Cage
		He developed Cowell's piano technique, making use of tone clusters and playing directly on the strings, and initiated a type of procedure to be called "prepared piano", which consisits of placing on the piano strings a variety of objects, such as screws, coins and rubber bands, which alter the tone color of individual piano keys.
		Cage was a consummate showman, and his exhibitions invariably attracted music-lovers and music-haters alike expecting to be exhilarated or outraged as the case may be.
		In many such public Happenings he departs from musical, unmusical or even antimusical programs in favor of a free exercise of surrealist imagination, often instructing the audience to participate acitvely, as for instance going out into the street and bringing in garbage pails needed for percussion effects, with or without garbage.
	www.uakron.edu /ssma/composers/Cage.shtml (282 words)

	John Cage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		There were also major concert works for the new instrument: A Book of Music (1944) and Three Dances (1945) for two prepared pianos, and the Sonatas and Interludes (1948) for one.
		During this period Cage became interested in Eastern philosophies, especially in Zen, from which he gained a treasuring of non-intention.
		Cage also appeared widely in Europe and the USA as a lecturer and performer, having an enormous influence on younger musicians and artists; he wrote several books.
	w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de /cmp/cage.html (337 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Entertainment \| First notes for 639-year composition
		The first notes in the longest and slowest piece of music in history, designed to go on for 639 years, are being played on a German church organ on Wednesday.
		Composed by late avant-garde composer John Cage, who died in 1992, the performance has already been going for 17 months - although all that has been heard so far is the sound of the organ's bellows being inflated.
		The performance follows a legal case in which composer Mike Batt was forced to pay a six-figure sum to Cage's publishers, who accused him of plagiarising a silent piece of music.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/entertainment/2728595.stm (403 words)

	Joyce - Music: John Cage's "Roaratorio"
		John Fullemann and his wife Monika and I went to Norwich in England in late April of this year to hear him sing in a pub.
		The Mode CD comes on a two-disc set, which includes "Laughtears," a half-hour interview with John Cage regarding the work, and Writing for the Second Time Through Finnegans Wake, which is just the Cage vocal part -- the actual reading of the text -- without all the music and sound effects.
		The chapter is an essay by Marjorie Perloff entitled "Music for Words Perhaps: Reading/Hearing/Seeing John Cage's Roaratorio." It is both a defense of the work as a piece of original avant-garde art as well as an explanation of the work itself.
	www.themodernword.com /joyce/music/cage_roaratorio.html (3215 words)

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