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	Victorian Art in Britain John Calcott Horsley
		Death of Mr Horsley RA We regret to learn of that Mr John Calcott Horsley RA, whose works were so much in favour with amateurs 40 or 50 years ago, died on Sunday at the patriarchal age of 86 at his residence 1, High-row Kensington.
		The campaign Horsley led against the nude in art exposed the artist to considerable ridicule in the press of the day, including the famous cartoon of him as an offended elderly matron at an art exhibition.
		Horsley's elder sister Mary was the wife of Isambard Kingdom Brunel 1806-1859, the greatest of nineteenth century engineers.
	www.victorianartinbritain.co.uk /obituary/horsley.htm (996 words)

	Biography for: John Calcott Horsley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		John Callcott Horsley was the nephew of the landscape painter Augustus Wall Callcott and the brother-in-law of Isambard Kingdom Brunel.
		JW described Horsley in a letter to Fantin-Latour in 1863 as one of those in opposition to his art, in particular to his Symphony in White, No. I: The White Girl (YMSM 38).
		In 1885, Horsley expressed concern about the issue of nude female modelling and in response to this JW wrote a note to accompany his Note in Violet and Green (M.1074), being exhibited at the SBA exhibition in December 1885, which read 'Horsley soit qui mal y pense' (see transcription">#08096).
	www.whistler.arts.gla.ac.uk /biog/Hors_JC.htm (303 words)

	James Clarke Hook Website
		Horsley, John Calcott, R.A., a painter of genre and historical subjects, was nephew of Sir John Calcott, R.A., and brother-in-law of Brunel and Whistler.
		He painted JCH's portrait as part of the collection of portraits and self-portraits commissioned by Alexander Macdonald of Aberdeen, and he and his wife visited the Hooks in 1893, after he became President of the Royal Scottish Academy and was knighted.
		Since JCH lived in the country, he was glad to have friends, like Watts and T. Barlow (who died in 1889), with studios in London that he could share for the occasion.
	www.arts.ualberta.ca /~JCHook/Resources/otherartists.php (2780 words)

	Christmas Card History ~ The First Christmas Card by John Calcott Horsley - Emotions Greeting Cards Museum
		When London's John Calcott Horsley invented the first Christmas card in 1843 as a favor to Henry Cole, neither man had any idea of the impact it would have in Britain and later in America.
		In an age famous for hypocrisy and prudery, John Calcott Horsley was a leading candidate to be the greatest prude of all!
		Horsley objected to painting from life classes, and to paintings of the nude.
	www.emotionscards.com /museum/john_calcott_horsley_ra_1817.html (1105 words)

	John Callcott Horsley (1817 - 1903) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		John Sartain, Portrait of John A. Sutter, 1850
		John Singleton Copley - Colonel John Montresor c.
		John James Audubon, Douglass" Squirrel, a study for pl. 48 ofViviparous Quadripeds of North America by John James Audubon and Rev. John Bachman (New York: John James Audubon, 1845-1848), circa 1843
	www.wwar.com /masters/h/horsley-john_callcott.html (557 words)

	deseretnews.com \| Season's greetings — Simple card in 1843 launched a tradition that caught on quickly
		But when Henry Cole hired John Calcott Horsley to design a card he could send to all his acquaintances, the two men had no idea they were launching a tradition that would impact billions of people through the decades.
		In 1843, Cole — the founder of London's Victoria and Albert museum and a prominent man of his day (he was sometimes called "Old King" Cole) — wanted to send Christmas greetings to his friends and also encourage them to help the destitute at the holiday season.
		Horsley was a well-known artist of his day, known for both his art and his moral stands.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,595111200,00.html (1052 words)

	History of Christmas Cards Antiques and Collectibles
		He asked the artist John Calcott Horsley to design a card with a single message that Cole could send to everyone on his list.
		Horsley’s lithographed and hand colored cards carried the message “Merry Christmas And A Happy New Year To You” and had an area on the bottom right of the card in which the sender could sign his or her name.
		Interestingly, this first Christmas card proved to be too controversial, either because the middle panel included a child having a sip of wine at Christmas table or because of the side panels, one of which showed “clothing the naked,” an attempt to illustrate how those with wealth help the poor during the Christmas season.
	www.gardenandhearth.com /AntiquesandCollectibles/History-of-Christmas-Cards.htm (661 words)

	THE HISTORY OF CHRISTMAS CARDS (Angelfire Card Two)
		Cole hired artist John Calcott Horsley to design a ready to be sent card.
		The hand-colored card Horsley designed was lithographed on stiff, dark cardboard and featured adults and children raising wine glasses in a toast.
		The other reason is attributed to a scandal with Horsley's design.
	www.angelfire.com /wa3/schreibe_99/xmas2001/xmas2.html (683 words)

	Cairns Stamp Club - History of Stamps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		One of the winners was Henry Cole, he was appointed to assist Hill and played an active role in the preparations for the new stamps.
		It was Cole who suggested to his friend, John Calcott Horsley, the idea for what is now generally accepted as the first Christmas greetings card (which Horsley designed and sent to Cole) in 1843.
		Another competitor was James Chalmers, a Dundee book seller and publisher who, years before, had essayed stamped 'labels' for use as postage, but he was only one of many who claimed to have 'invented' the postage stamp.
	cairnsstampclub.asn.au /historystamps.html (414 words)

	Livaudais Christmas Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This got to be a cumbersome task, so he asked a friend to produce for him a Christmas card with a single message that could be duplicated and sent to all on his list.
		John Calcott Horsley, an artist friend of Cole and member of the Royal Academy, was commissioned to design the card to be used by Cole and sold to the public.
		This one was produced by W.C.T. Dobson and sold many more than Horsley's card had the year before.
	www.livaudaisnet.com /xmas/xmascard02.htm (485 words)

	Choice & Rare 2
		Cole commissioned his friend, artist John Calcott Horsley, to design a holiday card that would replace his seasonal task of writing many letters.
		Horsley, a future member of the Royal Academy, illustrated a festive Victorian family flanked by charitable images of feeding and clothing the poor.
		The John Grossman Collection of Antique Images is part of that distinguished list.
	johngrossmancollection.com /_wsn/page17.html (507 words)

	John Calcott Horsley Posters Prints - Mary, Queen of Scots in Captivity, 1871 Art Giclee Print - Artist: John Calcott ...
		John Calcott Horsley Posters Prints - Mary, Queen of Scots in Captivity, 1871 Art Giclee Print - Artist: John Calcott Horsley - Poster Size: 24x18
		Browse all your favorite John Calcott Horsley posters, art prints and framed art at Art.com, the World's # 1 Art Print and Poster store...
		All other designated trademarks, copyrights and brands are the property of their respective owners.
	www.shop.com /op/aprod-p34440530 (259 words)

	Historic Treasure Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In fact, the very first Christmas card was designed in 1843 by John Calcott Horsley.
		Though fewer than 1,000 of the card were sold, by the 1860s, the tradition of sending and receiving cards at Christmas was firmly established.
		While one might expect these early cards to be religious in nature, Horsley’s 1843 card depicted ladies and gentlemen grouped in an ornate frame raising glasses of wassail.
	www.indstate.edu /community/vchs/ht/ht122400.htm (350 words)

	Sun.Star Christmas 2005 Special Section
		It had just one design and was drawn by John Calcott Horsley of Torquay, England, at the request of Sir Henry Cole.
		Horsley produced 1,000 cards, one side showing a rich family celebrating and the other side showing a poor family receiving clothing.
		Although messages today still carry Horsley’s word play—A merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to You—people strive to find new ways to make that Yuletide connection.
	www.sunstar.com.ph /specials/krismas2005/inacard.html (531 words)

	Christmas Cards
		In some rudimentary sense, Christmas cards date to the Middle Ages, but their popularity exploded in the nineteenth century so that the U.S. Congress was petitioned to limit the number that any one person could send, lest the mail become overwhelming.
		John Calcott Horsley is credited with designing the first commercial Christmas card in 1843 and as of the twenty-first century, Americans now dispatch 1.9 billion of them every year.
		The events behind the Christmas holiday, of course, are biblical -- the manger, the baby, the star, the virgin.
	web.mac.com /jssweb/iWeb/ElectronicGospel/Articles/DE95E070-6FA7-4DCF-91E8-01756A1591D1.html (352 words)

	Christmas Cards
		They would deliver them in person or send them through the post, but there were no commerical cards available to buy for holiday greetings.
		The first Christmas card for sale was designed by a London artist named John Calcott Horsley.
		He was hired by a weathly businessman who wanted a nice card he could send to his friends to wish them a Merry Christmas.
	home4christmas.com /ctrad7.html (176 words)

	horsley - Ask.com Web Search
		Horsley may refer to one of these places ;in Australia Horsley, New South Wales ;in England Horsley, Derbyshire Horsley, Gloucestershire...
		John Callcott Horsley [British Painter, 1817-1903] Guide to pictures of works by John Callcott Horsley in art museum sites and image archives...
		Horsley Printmakers is an artistic partnership between two printmakers - Rebecca Vincent and...
	www.ask.com /web?q=horsley (255 words)

	Cyber Museum of Neurosurgery
		Sir Victor Alexander Haden Horsley was born April 14, 1857, the son of John Calcott Horsley, RA, a famous artist of his day.
		Victor Horsley was more than a great surgeon and great pioneer, he was a great human being whose creed was, "The brotherhood of man and the ultimate triumph of good."³
		The most lucid and yet complete brief biography of Sir Victor Horsley is the one by Edwin M. Todd in his scholarly volume of essays, Reflections Through A Murky Crystal (note - in Archive collection and available for "borrowing").
	www.neurosurgery.org /cybermuseum/artgallery/seletz/room2.html (1034 words)

	Antiques and the Arts Online - Maryland Historical Society Library Devotes Exhibit To Holiday Cards
		He commissioned a painter, John Calcott Horsley, to design a Christmas card.
		Horsley's Christmas card was the size of a calling card and depicted a triptych, with a happy family in the center panel surrounded by panels depicting poor people needing charity.
		Like Horsley's, it featured a happy family at its center but objects of indulgence and fun, such as gifts and drinks and dancers, surrounded the family rather than Horsley's objects of charity.
	www.antiquesandthearts.com /TT-2005-11-15-12-06-16p1.htm (810 words)

	torquay
		Henry Cole (later to become Sir Henry Cole) was a very busy man, working in the Public Records Office in London, that busy he didn't have the time to write to all his family and friends at Christmas time.
		In 1840, he asked well known artist John Calcott Horsley to design a card with a message on it, which he could send to people.
		Mr Horsley contributed drawings to Punch, and was rector at the Royal Academy, having a successful and moderately famous life.
	www.torquay.com /revamp/Torquay_Christmas_card.htm (382 words)

	Vigo County Historical Society
		John Calcott Horsley generally is credited with designing the first Christmas card as we now know them.
		Sir Henry Cole, who had led the efforts for many reforms in Victorian England including that of the penny post, saw that printed messages could be sent through the mails at a very low cost.
		With that in mind, Cole asked Horsley to design that first Christmas card.
	web.indstate.edu /community/vchs/ht/ht113086.htm (777 words)

	Oldest Mass-Produced Christmas Card Part Of Bridwell Library Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The card was designed for Henry Cole by his friend, the English painter John Calcott Horsley (1808-1882).
		Cole wanted a ready-to-mail greeting card because he was too busy to engage in the traditional English custom of writing notes with Christmas and New Year's greetings to friends and family.
		A color photograph of the Christmas card is available to the media upon request by calling SMU News and Information at 214-768-7650 or sending e-mail to Gary Shultz at gshultz@mail.smu.edu.
	www.smu.edu /newsinfo/releases/99064.html (340 words)

	Finding Aid to the English Artists' Autographs Collection, 1802-1896
		Letter from John Calcott Horsley to W. Agnew, May 10, 1865.
		Letter from John Calcott Horsley, Kensington, to [illegible] December 1, 1870.
		Letter from John Calcott Horsley, Kensington, to Dear Madam, December 5, 1887.
	findingaid.winterthur.org /html/col492.html (679 words)

	Season's Greetings - Oldhouseweb.com
		Yet it's clear that these cards were treasures to preserve for future generations for the Norwegian immigrants who sent and received them.
		According to American Greetings, the very first Christmas card, a printed and hand-painted Victorian scene inscribed with "Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to You," was created by Englishman John Calcott Horsley in 1846.
		Passage of the Penny Postage Act in 1846 allowed British citizens to send a letter anywhere in the country for one cent, and within 10 years, Christmas cards were a popular custom in England.
	www.oldhouseweb.com /stories/Detailed/12221.shtml (429 words)

	Linda's Victorian Christmas
		Caught in the middle of the holiday rush, London business man, Henry Cole, was unable to send the traditional written Christmas message to his friends and associates so he sent them illustrated holiday greetings.
		The card, which was designed by an artist friend, John Calcott Horsley, was divided into three panels.
		The main illustration showed the three elders at a family -party raising wine glasses in a toast; the side panels showed two Yuletide traditions- feeding the hungry and clothing the needy.
	members.tripod.com /branan-l/victorian_christmas.html (1168 words)

	Victorian Greeting Card Manufacturers for Christmas & the New Year (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Worlds first commercial Christmas card was designed by John Callcott Horsley (brother-in-law of Isambard Kingdom Brunel), for his friend Henry Cole, founder of the Victoria & Albert Museum.
		One thousand copies were published by Joseph Cundall, the mid 19th century children’s and illustrations publisher, and sold at Felix Summerly’s Home Treasury Office in Old Bond Street, England for one shilling each in 1843.
		Good works and good eating and drinking, the two elements of a Victorian Christmas, make their appearance together, as it should be, on this first card.
	www.scrapalbum.com /xmashome.htm (172 words)

	CJ Online \| Business \| Englishman hatched idea for Christmas card greetings 12/24/00
		The year was 1843, and the harried Henry Cole commissioned London artist John Calcott Horsley to design a card that could be sent to all of his acquaintances.
		The card made use of religious symbolism depicting virtues of feeding the poor and clothing the naked.
		Horsley also painted sprigs of holly, the symbol of chastity, and ivy, symbolic of a place where God has walked, throughout the design.
	www.cjonline.com /stories/122400/bus_xmascards.shtml (796 words)

	Reasoned Audacity
		Read about London's John Calcott Horsley and the business of the first Christmas card at the jump.
		Printed in fl and white and then colored by hand, 1,000 cards were produced for "Old King" Cole, with the leftovers sold off by the printer...
		...John Calcott Horsley campaigned against naked models being used by artists, hence his nickname of Clothes-Horsely.
	www.charmaineyoest.com /2006/12/merry_christmas.php (520 words)

	Christmas Card History - Invention of the Christmas Card
		A respected illustrator of the day, Horsley was commissioned by Sir Henry Cole, a wealthy British businessman, who wanted a card he could proudly send to friends and professional acquaintances to wish them a "merry Christmas."
		In the summer of 1843, he commissioned Horsley to design an impressive card for that year’s Christmas.
		The first commercially produced card in small numbers was attempted by writer and art critic Sir Henry Cole, and JC Horsley in 1846.
	www.ideafinder.com /features/everwonder/won-christcard.htm (626 words)

	Greeting Card Association - Celebrating the Tradition of Greeting Cards
		By the 1850s, the greeting card had been transformed from a relatively expensive, handmade and hand-delivered gift to a popular and affordable means of personal communication, due largely to advances in printing and mechanization, as well as the 1840 introduction of the postage stamp.
		The first known published Christmas card appeared in London in 1843, when Sir Henry Cole hired artist John Calcott Horsley to design a holiday card that he could send to his friends and acquaintances.
		Although the first known valentine card can be traced back to 1415, it wasn’t until the early 1800s and the Penny Post that they became popular and affordable.
	www.greetingcard.org /thegreetingcard_history.html (656 words)

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