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	Calhoun, John Caldwell - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		As the preeminent spokesman for the South, Calhoun tried to reconcile the preservation of the Union with the fact that under the Union the South's dominant agricultural economy was being neglected and even injured for the benefit of the ever-increasing commercial and industrial power of the North.
		As the abolitionists grew stronger in the North, Calhoun became an outspoken apologist for slavery and made every effort to maintain the delicate balance between North and South in the Senate by opposing the prohibition of slavery in newly admitted states.
		In rejecting the Wilmot Proviso, Calhoun set forth the theory that all territories were held in common by the states and that the federal government merely served as a trustee of the lands.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-calhoun.html (907 words)

	John C. Calhoun
		John C. Calhoun converted from being a nationalist to a federalist in order to maintain his goals of, first and foremost, saving the liberty of all American citizens, and secondly, retaining the unity of the union.
		The reason for this was that Calhoun still thought that the tariff was for the revenue of the federal government, and not for the sole purpose of promoting the agenda of one section, the north, over another's, the south.
		Calhoun's basis for nullification was grounded in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798.
	www.studyworld.com /john_c_calhoun.htm (1742 words)

	Today in History: March 18
		Calhoun is remembered for his determined defense of the institution of slavery.
		At the end of his senatorial career, Calhoun opposed the Compromise of 1850 because of its proposed limits on slavery during the westward expansion of the nation.
		Calhoun was clearly a dying man as he was assisted to his desk on the Senate floor a few minutes past noon on March 4, 1850.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/today/mar18.html (527 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Biographies: John C. Calhoun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Calhoun was secretary of war under President James Monroe from 1817 to 1825 and ran for president in the 1824 election along with four others,
		Calhoun was vice president of the United States in 1824 under John Quincy Adams and was re-elected in 1828 under Andrew Jackson.
		John Caldwell Calhoun died in Washington, D.C. on March 31, 1850 and was buried in St. Phillips Churchyard in Charleston.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/B/calhoun/jcc.htm (330 words)

	John Caldwell Calhoun biography
		Calhoun early showed that he possessed a thoughtful turn of mind, and, though he had little teaching when a boy, he began to study law at the age of 18, supplementing this with other reading which enabled him to enter the junior class at Yale College in 1802.
		On Aug. 28, 1832, Calhoun wrote to Governor Hamilton of South Carolina a final statement of the theory of nullification (q.v.) in these words: "There is no direct and immediate connection between the individual citizens of a State and the general government," adding somewhat paradoxically that nullification is the great conservative principle of union.
		President Jackson with characteristic grimness threatened to hang Calhoun and at a public banquet uttered the memorable words: "The Union must and shall be preserved." When another South Carolina convention, on Nov. 24, 1832, passed an ordinance nullifying the tariff, Calhoun immediately resigned the vice presidency and entered the Senate.
	www.dromo.info /calhounbio.htm (1284 words)

	[No title]
		John C. Calhoun was the philosopher-king of the old South, the spiritual mentor of Stephens, Davis, and most of the political leaders of the Confederacy.
		Calhoun argued, as others have since, that the states' rights doctorine protected the legitimate rights of a minority in a democratric system governed by majoruty rule.
		John C. Calhoun, the leading spokesman of the slave states, charged frequently and eloquently that the South and its way of life were under assault from an industrializing North.
	www.lycos.com /info/john-c-calhoun.html (423 words)

	John C. Calhoun
		John C. Calhoun was born in Abbeville, on the frontier of South Carolina, the fourth child, third son of Scots-Irish immigrant Patrick Calhoun and his second wife Martha Caldwell.
		Calhoun was raised a Calvinist, and remained a philosophical Calvinist in his firm work ethic, his resistance to such simple pleasures as dancing, and his bleak view of human nature.
		Early in his career Calhoun was an ardent nationalist, a supporter of the War of 1812 against England, and a cautious supporter of the 1816 tariff (always a point of contention between North and South) as a source of revenue to replenish the Federal treasury after the war.
	www.uua.org /uuhs/duub/articles/johnccalhoun.html (1925 words)

	John Caldwell Calhoun
		A powerful orator, Calhoun became the leading spokesman for the South during attempts to resolve politically the conflict between the sections.
		Calhoun, a brilliant theoretician, advocated a fine balance of nullification and the use of "concurrent majorities" to prevent the dissolution of the Union.
		Calhoun died on March 31, 1850, in Washington, D.C., and is buried in Charleston, South Carolina.
	www.aoc.gov /cc/art/nsh/calhoun.cfm (246 words)

	[No title]
		John C. Calhoun of South Carolina was elected vice president in 1824 with John Quincy Adams, and was reelected with Andrew Jackson in 1828.
		The son of a slave-holding up-country farmer, Calhoun was educated at Moses Waddell's Log College in Georgia and at Yale University and studied law under Tapping Reeve at Litchfield, Conn. Admitted to the South Carolina bar in 1807, Calhoun served in the state legislature from 1809 to 1811 and in Congress from 1811.
		Calhoun's role in the ostracization of Peggy Eaton, wife of Secretary of War John H. Eaton, and the disclosure of Calhoun's support many years before for censure of Jackson's actions in the invasion of Florida, further weakened his position.
	americanrevwar.homestead.com /files/civwar/calhoun.html (741 words)

	John C. Calhoun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The son of a slave-holding up-country farmer, Calhoun was educated at Moses Waddell's Log College in Georgia and at Yale University and studied law under Tapping Reeve at Litchfield, Connecticut.
		Calhoun supported the "American System", which called for full use of federal power to assist American industry through a protective tariff and to promote commerce through a federally chartered Bank of the United States and through federally financed road, canal, and harbor construction.
		Calhoun's hard core view of the "American System" changed, partially due to the industrial dependency of South Carolina on the cotton industry.
	library.thinkquest.org /3055/graphics/people/calhoun.html (342 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Calhoun died on March 31, 1850, after a career of political service that began in 1808 and included membership in the South Carolina and United States Houses of Representatives, the United States Senate, the vice presidency, and executive posts as secretary of war and secretary of state.
		The character of Calhoun's attempts is clearly illustrated by his philosophical confrontation of the doctrine that "all men are created equal" by declaring "the proposition to be untrue and mischievous" in a speech given on June 27, 1848.
		The work of Calhoun to complete his "Disquisition on Government"—his desire to leave a lasting legacy to political science—further illuminates his stance on such fundamental issues as the nature of man in society and the natural responsibilities of governments and the governed.
	www.lycos.com /info/john-c-calhoun--south-carolina.html (621 words)

	NoBoTemplate
		Calhoun, the former Pamela C. Hathaway, who Calhoun had married in May of 1832, arrived from Watertown and began working in the office as proofreader and office manager.
		Calhoun hired James Curtis as editor of the paper, and a Dr. Daniel Brainard was also associated with the paper as a writer.
		Hill sent Calhoun a bank draft for $750 and agreed to pay all the outstanding debts of the business, but when Calhoun tried to cash the draft it was returned by the bank.
	www.nobodoni.com /calhoun.html (1102 words)

	The History of Clemson University -- John Caldwell Calhoun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Calhoun was elected to the Legislature at a time when his area of the state, the "Backcountry," was receiving greater representation as a result of the Compromise of 1808.
		John C. Calhoun was elected vice president in 1824 and served with President John Quincy Adams from 1825 to 1829.
		Calhoun, at the same time, lost national support for his defense of slavery as a "positive good" in the context of a class struggle, and he lost local support in South Carolina and the South from the hotheaded politicians called "fire-eaters" for his conciliatory attitudes toward the North.
	www.clemson.edu /welcome/history/forthill/calhoun.htm (2633 words)

	JCC--Text 1--Intro
		John C. Calhoun, senator from South Carolina, secretary of war, secretary of state, vice president of the United States--twice--was one of the giants of 19th century American politics.
		John Calhoun described the elder Calhoun as more Jeffersonian than Jefferson--a staunch strict constructionist, the elder Calhoun opposed the Constitution because it allowed "people other than those of South Carolina to tax the people of South Carolina," thus violating the very revolutionary principles that he had fought for during the war.
		Finally, in 1831, Calhoun admitted his authorship of the "Exposition" and committed himself to "nullification" as a constitutional remedy in the "Fort Hill Address." It was the political equivalent of crossing the Rubicon.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~CAP/CALHOUN/jcc1.html (6057 words)

	Freedom: A History of US. Biography. John Calhoun \| PBS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Calhoun defended slavery and states rights as a congressman, senator, secretary of war, secretary of state, and vice-president.
		Calhoun was born in 1782 on a small cotton farm.
		Calhoun received his early education at home, graduated from Yale, and earned a law degree by 1807.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/historyofus/web05/features/bio/B07.html (276 words)

	John Calhoun BELL — Infoplease.com
		John C. Bell, of Colorado, in the House...
		John C. Bell, of Colorado, in the House of Representatives, Monday, June 13, 1898.
		John C. Bell, of Colorado, in the House of Representatives, January 11 and 12, 1898.
	www.infoplease.com /biography/us/congress/bell-john-calhoun.html (173 words)

	John Calhoun
		Calhoun of South Carolina on the bill to prevent the interference of certain federal officers in elections: delivered in the Senate of the United States February 22, 1839
		Both Calhoun and John Quincy Adams were charter members (1826) of the All Souls Unitarian Church in Washington, DC.
		Calhoun and his wife are buried in the graveyard of St. Philips Church (Episcopalian), but his wife is buried in the part of the churchyard on the side of the street of the church, while Calhoun is buried in the part of the churchyard that is across the street.
	www.famousuus.com /bios/john_calhoun.htm (361 words)

	John Calhoun
		In 1824 Calhoun was elected vice president under John Quincy Adams.
		Calhoun upheld the right of people to own slaves and presented the South's point of view in Senate debates on this issue.
		Calhoun led the pro-slavery faction in Congress that opposed the admission of California and New Mexico as free states.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USAcalhoun.htm (487 words)

	Amazon.com: John C. Calhoun and the Price of Union: A Biography (Southern Biography): Books: John Niven (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Calhoun crossed that line in his defense of nullification, increasingly preoccupied by perceived threats to his beloved South Carolina, In doing so Calhoun lost his national political base and a sense of the national pulse.
		In Calhoun's view, as supported by his own papers, his apparent nationalistic support of the war and the tariff of 1816 was actually an effort to "provide for the common defense and to utilize the resources of all to strengthen the states as individual entities." (p.
		John Niven's somewhat unconventional view of the career and motives of one of the leading spokesmen for the Old South, John C. Calhoun, is convincingly and understandably expressed in this original biography.
	www.amazon.com /John-Calhoun-Price-Union-Biography/dp/0807118583 (2277 words)

	Complex Systems and Politics
		Calhoun outlined his vision of how the American Constitution was crafted to respond to both the need for a government vigorous enough to protect society, and yet still remain under the reliable control of the people.
		Calhoun's description of the voluntary Union that created the United States reflects the composition of a complex system, in which each member retains its inherent characteristics and capabilities within a greater complex system.
		John Taylor and John Calhoun sought to preserve the uniqueness and character of the independent social orders, states, and institutions that contributed to the long-term vitality of constitutional government.
	www.lsinstitute.org /Systems.htm (4013 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Calhoun,
		53,540), Calhoun co., S Mich., at the confluence of the Kalamazoo and Battle Creek rivers; settled 1831, inc. as a city 1859.
		Calhoun, John C. The Oxford Guide to the United States Government; 1/1/2001; John J. Patrick, Richard M. Pious, and Donald A. Ritchie; 797 words
		Calhoun going back in time: She returns today to former stomping grounds
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Calhoun, (755 words)

	John C. Calhoun on the Clay Compromise Measures - 1850
		John C. Calhoun on the Clay Compromise Measures - 1850
		He was too ill to deliver it himself, so it was read by another senator with Calhoun present in the Senate Chamber.
		Calhoun, so ill he had to be helped out of the Chamber after the speech by two of his friends, died on March 31, 1850.
	www.nationalcenter.org /CalhounClayCompromise.html (2726 words)

	U.S. Senate: Art & History Home > Paintings > John C. Calhoun by Henry Darby
		John Caldwell Calhoun served as both a U.S. representative and senator from South Carolina, and as the seventh vice president of the United States.
		Calhoun resigned the vice presidency in December 1832 in order to fill a vacancy in the U.S. Senate.
		Calhoun resigned from the Senate in 1843 planning to run for president, but instead he served briefly as secretary of state in the cabinet of President John Tyler.
	www.senate.gov /artandhistory/art/artifact/Painting_32_00003.htm (839 words)

	John Calhoun - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		John C. Calhoun, 7th Vice President, U.S. Senator (South Carolina)
		John Calhoun, Printer from Watertown, NY, founder of the Chicago Democrat
		John Calhoun, 1806-1859, Illinois politician, Surveyor General and pro-slavery leader in the "Bleeding Kansas" era
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Calhoun (99 words)

	STCC News and Events - March 2002 - Solo Art Exhibit by John Calhoun Scheduled at Springfield Technical Community ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Calhoun said, The focus of my earlier work, dating from 1996-2000, was with paper, ink, and other media, generally folded to create marks and imagery in the fashion of inkblots that resemble Rorschach tests.
		The intent was to find a balance between the inherent factual information located inside the image with areas of uncontrolled texture that involve the viewer by stimulating unconscious responses.
		Calhoun has had four solo and three two-person shows at the Bangs Street Gallery in Provincetown, and has been featured in several other galleries.
	stcc.edu /whatsnew/pressreleases/mar02/JohnCalhoun.html (493 words)

	Vice-President John C. Calhoun Gravesite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pictures of John Calhoun cenotaph at Congressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C. Mike's Notes: Saint Philip's Churchyard has cemeteries on 3 sides of the church and more graves across the street.
		According to an anecdote I read (of which I have not been able to verify if it is accurate or not), the church has a rule that only people who are born within the city limits of Charleston can be buried on the church side of the street.
		John Calhoun was born in what is now Clemson, South Carolina, so he was not allowed to be buried on the church side.
	www.thecemeteryproject.com /Graves/fdp-grave-calhoun-john-c.htm (133 words)

	MATHEW BRADY GALLERY, NY - John C. Calhoun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Calhoun came to Washington in 1811 as a congressman from South Carolina, quickly attaining recognition for his powerful support for war against Britain.
		He became secretary of war under James Monroe and was elected Vice President twice--under John Quincy Adams in 1824 and Andrew Jackson in 1828.
		Calhoun remained a powerful and charismatic figure in Washington until his death, the perpetual Democratic opponent of Whig politicians Daniel Webster
	www.npg.si.edu /exh/brady/gallery/29gal.html (150 words)

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