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Topic: John Chivington

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	PBS - THE WEST - John M. Chivington
		Chivington was something of a frontier minister, usually establishing congregations, supervising the erection of churches, and often serving as a de facto law enforcement officer.
		In 1862, Chivington, by that point a Major in the first Colorado Volunteer Regiment, played a critical role in defeating confederate forces at Glorietta Pass in eastern New Mexico, where his troops rapelled down the canyon walls in a surprise attack on the enemy's supply train.
		Chivington was at first widely praised for the "battle" at Sand Creek, and honored with a widely-attended parade through the streets of Denver just two weeks after the massacre.
	www.pbs.org /weta/thewest/people/a_c/chivington.htm (1162 words)

	John Chivington - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		John Milton Chivington (January 27, 1821 – October 4, 1892) was a 19th century United States Army officer noted for his role in the New Mexico Campaign of the American Civil War and in the Colorado War.
		Chivington declared that his forces had fought a battle with hostile Indians and the action was initially celebrated as a victory, with some soldiers callously displaying Indian body parts as trophies.
		Chivington was condemned for his part in the massacre, but he had already left the Army and the general post-Civil War amnesty meant that criminal charges could not be filed against him.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Chivington (797 words)

	The Sand Creek Massacre Pg 3
		Chivington later appeared on a Denver stage where he regaled delighted audiences with his war stories and displayed 100 Indian scalps, including the pubic hairs of women.
		Chivington was later denounced in a congressional investigation and forced to resign.
		Chivington and his troops had been unsuccessful in finding a Cheyenne band to fight, so when he learned that Black Kettle had returned to Sand Creek, he made plans to attack the unsuspecting encampment.
	www.snowwowl.com /swolfscmassacre3.html (2725 words)

	John M. Chivington (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		COL. JOHN M. CHIVINGTON, over six feet tall, wellpoised, modest, formerly an itinerant Methodist minister, Indian "fighter," and much criticized Colonel of a Colorado Regiment, visited the town named in his honor, in the spring of 1887.
		Col. Chivington was a subordinate army officer, subject to the commands of his superior.
		Chivington is entitled to a monument erected to his memory, for making this country safe for those whose fathers and mother settled and made homes in this country.
	www.eadseagles.com /johnmchivingtontext.htm (940 words)

	picture Template
		The vitriolic and bigoted Chivington dismissed Soule's appeals for compassion and unleashed the assault.
		Due in part to the horrible mutilations and display of body parts at the Denver Theater after the slaughter at Sand Creek an investigation and hearing was held to ascertain responsibility for the slaughter of the Southern Cheyenne.
		Chivington was never held accountable for the atrocities committed under and by his command.
	members.cox.net /sandcreekmassacre/silassoule.htm (422 words)

	Terrain.org - Revisiting Sand Creek, by Larry Borowsky
		John Chivington, who commanded the attacking force, was a Methodist minister and avid anti-slavery crusader.
		John Evans, governor of Colorado Territory at the time of the attack, was also an avowed enemy of slavery; he was appointed to his post largely in reward for his support of the emancipationist Abraham Lincoln during the 1860 presidential campaign.
		John Chivington's reputation was irrevocably stained by the attack on Sand Creek.
	www.terrain.org /articles/5/borowsky.htm (2805 words)

	NPS Historical Handbook: Fort Union
		John M. Chivington, 1st Colorado Volunteers, played the decisive part in defeating the Confederates at Glorieta Pass.
		John P. Slough, 1st Colorado Volunteers, commanded Union forces at the Battle of Glorieta Pass.
		Next morning, as Chivington descended the western slope of Glorieta Pass into Apache Canyon, he ran into Major Pyron's Confederates, four dismounted companies of the 5th Texas, entering the western end of the canyon.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/hh/35/hh35k.htm (656 words)

	John Chivington
		Colonel John Chivington (1821-1894), born in Ohio, was the hero of Glorietta Pass and the man responsible for the Sand Creek Massacre.
		After being drawn toward Methodism, Chivington decided to become a minister and was ordained in 1844.
		The investigation found no wrong-doing on Chivington's part, but the US Congress refused the Army's request to exterminate the Native population based on the testimony against Chivington.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/j/jo/john_chivington.html (249 words)

	Chivington, Colorado History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Chivington could have been as famous as Dodge City if it had had some excitement like a gunfight, or a bank robbery by bandits, but it managed to avoid all of these things that we think of when we think of Western boom towns.
		The closure of the roundhouse and the extension of the railroad line was the main factor in the decline of Chivington.
		Chivington went from nothing but grassland and a place where an historic Indian battle had taken place 25 years earlier, to a bustling center of economic activity in only a few years.
	www.eadseagles.com /davischivington.htm (1079 words)

	Colorado Governor John Evans
		John Evans, the second governor of the Colorado Territory from 1862-1865, was born in Waynesville, Ohio, on March 9, 1814.
		John Evans was also one of the founders of Northwestern University, where he chaired the Board of Trustees until his death in 1887.
		Working with Colonel John Chivington, another one of Evans' accomplishments in Colorado was the creation of the Denver Seminary, which is now Denver University.
	www.colorado.gov /dpa/doit/archives/govs/evans.html (939 words)

	Sand Creek Massacre
		As the violence between the Native Americans and the miners continued to increase, territorial governor John Evans sent Colonel John Chivington to quiet the Indians.
		Chivington, the territory military commander, was once a member of the clergy, but his compassion did not extend to the Indians and his desires to extinguish them all was well known.
		An aging John Chivington returned to the area in 1887, and in 1908 Veterans of the Colorado Regiments planned a reunion at the site.
	www.legendsofamerica.com /NA-SandCreek.html (1272 words)

	COL. JOHN M. CHIVINGTON
		Chivington, wanting a battle before his men's three month enlistments expired, massacred and mutilated over 100 women and children and the few men who remained in the village after the main band had gone on a hunting party.
		John M. Chivington was born in Ohio and had spent years as a Methodist Minister before beginning his military career.
		Chivington arrested 6 of his men, and charged them with cowardice--until it was determined they were 6 who refused to participate in massacre.
	www.geocities.com /~virtualtruth/chiving.htm (675 words)

	Native American Atrocities - Colonel John M. Chivington
		John M. Chivington was born in 1821 in Lebanon, Ohio to a farming family.
		In 1862, Chivington, by that point a Major in the first Colorado Volunteer Regiment, played a critical role in defeating confederate forces at Glorietta Pass in eastern New Mexico, where his troops rappelled down the canyon walls in a surprise attack on the enemy's supply train.
		John Chivington is buried in the Fairmont Cemetery in Denver, Colorado
	www.lastoftheindependents.com /chivington.html (1975 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| Wild West \| Sand Creek Massacre: The Real Villains
		Colonel John Chivington and Colorado Territorial Governor John Evans are usually portrayed as the men who brought on the 1864 massacre.
		Chivington tried to cover for Wynkoop's behavior, but the major's indiscretions kept drawing unwanted attention to him and his colonel.
		He was attracted to the cause of John Brown and the Free-Soilers, and on one occasion went into a jail and broke free a man accused of stealing slaves.
	historynet.com /we/blsandcreekvillians (1300 words)

	The Battle of Glorietta Pass
		Chivington briefed him on the Confederate position and Slough decided to launch an attack against Johnson's ranch, moving toward Pigeon's Ranch about 8:30 A.M. He ordered Chivington to take his men and circle around La Glorieta Pass to attack the Texans from the west, intending to catch the Confederates between the 2 Union forces.
		Chivington had destroyed nearly all of the Confederates' supplies, forcing the Confederates to withdraw to Texas, thus giving the victory to the Union.
		Chivington, later in the war, commanded a force on November 29-39, 1864, in Sand Creek, Colorado.
	www.mycivilwar.com /battles/620326a.htm (1180 words)

	Chronicles of Oklahoma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Colonel Chivington's requests that the Commission delay its organization until he prepared objections, that news reporters be allowed, and that the sessions be open to the public, were denied.
		John Smith, who had married the daughter of One Eye, was kept under guard by Colonel Chivington, who feared he would warn the Indians, for a period of three days before and during the massacree.
		Cramer further testified he told Colonel Chivington, that since Major Wynkoop had pledged his word to the Indians, all the officers under him were indirectly pledged in the same manner.
	digital.library.okstate.edu /Chronicles/v016/v016p444.html (7164 words)

	The Conscience of Place: Sand Creek
		Chivington is named after a man who turned from the ministry to the military and made a reputation for himself fit only for a ghost town.
		The first time Colonel John M. Chivington came through the region he was at the head of some 725 men, members of the 3rd and 1st regiments of the Colorado Cavalry.
		Though he rode with Chivington, Captain Silas Soule refused to take part in the killing, and he testified against Chivington during the military investigation of Sand Creek in early 1865, an act for which he was shot down on the streets of Denver by a Chivington supporter.
	www.motherjones.com /commentary/columns/2000/11/sand_creek.html (1824 words)

	Native American Atrocities - The Sand Creek Massacre
		Governor John Evans of Colorado Territory sought to open up the Cheyenne and Arapaho hunting grounds to white development.
		Evans and Chivington reinforced their militia, raising the Third Colorado Calvary of short-term volunteers who referred to themselves as "Hundred Dazers".
		Although he was informed that Black Kettle has already surrendered, Chivington pressed on with what he considered the perfect opportunity to further the cause for Indian extinction.
	www.lastoftheindependents.com /sandcreek.htm (806 words)

	hist1126
		When Chivington attacks on the 29th, Smith, called "Gray Blanket" by the Arapaho, and Private David Louderback will be in the village, and barely avoid being killed in the fighting.
		Chivington, an officer of the Colorado volunteer militia, reported that Cheyennes had stolen a number of cattle.
		Chivington shouted, " Kill and scalp all the big and little;nits make for lice." As Black Kettle, the ranking chief in the village, hoisted a white flag and a U.S. flag, Chivington's men tore the Indians apart with sadistic enthusiasm.
	nativenewsonline.org /history/hist1126a.html (1824 words)

	Colorado Volunteers Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Colonel Chivington's enlistment expired in September 1864; and he mustered out of the service in January 1865, when relieved as commander by Colonel Thomas Moonlight of the 11th Kansas Cavalry.
		Chivington passed into history condemned for all time as the author of the Sand Creek Massacre.
		The 3rd Colorado Infantry was raised by "General" William Larimer, one of the founders of Denver, in the fall of 1862.
	www.colorado.gov /dpa/doit/archives/civwar/civilwar.html (2229 words)

	Chief Black Kettle
		In a Denver speech, in August of 1864, Chivington is quoted as saying,...kill and scalp all, little and big...
		Chivington, in all probability, planned his attack back in September, when Anthony told Black Kettle where to take his people.
		The hearing, lasting seventy-two days, left the government repudiating Chivington's actions and labeled the episode as a massacre that...scarcely had its parallel in the records of Indian barbarity.
	www.manataka.org /page161.html (1975 words)

	The Battle of Sand Creek/Chivington Massacre
		The Sand Creek Massacre (also known as the Chivington Massacre) was an infamous incident in the Indian Wars out west that occurred when Colorado Militia troops in the Colorado Territory massacred an undefended village of Cheyenne and Arapaho encamped on the territory's eastern plains.
		Territorial governor John Evans sent Col. John Chivington to quiet the Indians at the head of a locally-raised militia.
		Against the advice of military officers and civilians, Col. John M. Chivington, commanding the District of Colorado under Curtis, led the 950 100-day men of the 3rd Colorado Cavalry, the 1st Colorado with its 2 howitzers, and a detachment of the 1st New Mexico Infantry in reprisal against the Indians.
	www.mycivilwar.com /battles/641129b.htm (884 words)

	Mantic eye \| Soldiers Proudly Displayed Severed Sex Organs
		John M. Chivington was ordained by the Methodist Church in 1844 and soon began his long career as a minister.
		The Methodist Church sent Chivington to Omaha, Nebraska, where they remained until 1860, when he was made the presiding elder of the Rocky Mountain District of the Methodist Church and moved to Denver to build a church and found a congregation.
		Chivington was a leading advocate of quick statehood for Colorado, and the likely Republican candidate for the state’s first Congressional seat.
	www.manticeye.com /article.php?id=70_0_3_0_C (1234 words)

	civilwar
		The scene depicts Major John Chivington of the 1st Colorado Volunteers and his men on the edge of Glorieta Mesa overlooking Johnson's Ranch, planning the attack and total destruction of the lightly guarded camp and wagon train of the Confederates.
		Chivington ordered an immediate attack, and after a heated battle, the stunned Texans were driven back to their camp at Johnson's Ranch.
		Chavez said to Major Chivington at this point, "You are right on top them." They had totally missed the flank of the enemy, but found themselves looking down on some eighty wagons, with horses, teamsters, a hospital...a lone six-pounder canon on a knoll was aimed eastward through the narrow pass toward Glorieta.
	www.wyethhurd.com /civilwar.html (2293 words)

	Chivington - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		John Chivington, a Colonel at the time of the U.S. Civil War who gained infamy for his attack on a peaceful settlement of Native Americans on the plains of Colorado, an attack which came to be known as the Sand Creek Massacre.
		Chivington Drive, a street in Longmont, Colorado which was named for Colonel John Chivington, and therefore became the center of controversy in the news and at Longmont City Council meetings.
		Chivington, Colorado, a ghost town in Kiowa County, Colorado, named for Colonel John Chivington, perpetrator of the Sand Creek Massacre.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chivington (155 words)

	Military.com Content
		In 1856, pro-slavery members in John Chivington's Missouri Methodist congregation threatened to tar and feather him if he did not cease preaching about abolition.
		Chivington led his troops in a diversionary attack, climbing to the top of Glorieta Mesa, where they pushed through the rocky terrain and reached a point just above the Texans' supply train.
		Back in Colorado, Chivington was widely celebrated for this victory and was a likely candidate for the new state's first Republican congressional seat.
	www.military.com /Content/MoreContent/1,12044,MLchivington,00.html (446 words)

	Battle Summary: Glorieta Pass, NM
		In March 1862, a Confederate force of 200-300 Texans under the command of Maj. Charles L. Pyron encamped at Johnson’s Ranch, at one end of the pass.
		Union Maj. John M. Chivington led more than 400 soldiers to the Pass and on the morning of March 26 moved out to attack.
		Chivington’s men, how-ever, had destroyed all Scurry’s supplies and animals at Johnson’s Ranch, forcing him to retreat to Santa Fe, the first step on the long road back to San Antonio, Texas.
	www.cr.nps.gov /hps/abpp/battles/nm002.htm (461 words)

	Road To Glorieta page43 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Colonel Chivington had full knowledge of the Indians friendly character and was to some extent instrumental in placing them in their position of fancied security.
		Chivington, who gave an inflammatory speech before the attack, watched with indifference as his men horribly mutilated the bodies of their victims.
		Because of his actions at Apache Canyon and Glorieta pass, John Chivington should have won a place of lasting respect in the annals of American history.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~donh/page43.html (408 words)

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