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	John Constable - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		John Constable (June 11, 1776 – March 31, 1837) was a British Romantic artist.
		Constable is known for his landscape paintings, though he only sold 20 paintings in England during his lifetime and was not elected to the Royal Academy until he was 52, just 8 years before his death.
		Constable loved Maria Bicknell, a local girl whose solicitor father was acquainted with the king, and who did not consider Constable good enough for his daughter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Constable (462 words)

	John Constable - Simple English Wikipedia
		Constable's father wanted his son to take over the business after him, but Constable started painting at an early age, and convinced his father to let him follow art as a career.
		Constable's most famous painting, The Hay Wain (now in the National Gallery in London), was first shown at the Paris Salon in 1824.
		Constable was influenced by the French painter Claude Lorrain.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Constable (223 words)

	John Constable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		John Constable was born in East Bergholt, Suffolk,England, on 11 June 1776.
		In 1802 Constable exhibited work at the Royal Academy exhibition and by this time was committed to nature and landscape art, he often worked 'plein air' insisting most of the time on completing as much as possible of a painting with the subject in front of him.
		Constable, who in is life never left the shores of his native England from which he painted such masterpieces as 'The haywain', exhibited at the Royal Academy, 'View on the Stour at Dedham', exhibited in 1822, and 'The Leaping Horse'.
	www24.brinkster.com /taghera/constable.htm (253 words)

	John Constable
		Constable had long suffered from rheumatism and nervous depression, but his sudden death on the 31st of March 1837 could be traced to no definite disease.
		When Constable first exhibited at the Salon in 1825 Théodore Rousseau, the pioneer of French naturalism, was only twelve years old, and the movement of 1830 was really originated in France by Gros and Géricault, while in England the watercolor painters led the way.
		Constable's death in 1837 removed the man and most of his work from the public eye for another generation, and he became a famous shadow rather than a living force.
	www.nndb.com /people/726/000084474 (1294 words)

	Constable, John - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Constable, John
		Constable inherited the Dutch tradition of sombre realism, in particular the style of Jacob Ruisdael.
		Constable's paintings are remarkable for their atmospheric effects and were admired by many French painters, including Eugène Delacroix.
		The self-imposed limitation distinguishes him from his contemporary (of nearly the same age) Joseph Turner;; Constable is typical of the Romantic period, in which he lived only in the Wordsworthian return to nature and the study of natural phenomena after the stresses of revolution and war.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Constable,+John (715 words)

	~~ Gillingham Museum ~~ John Constable
		Constable originally painted this picture for John Fisher to purchase as a present for his mother, but it is unlikely that the sale ever took place as the painting was bequeathed to the nation by Constable's daughter Isabel on her death in 1888.
		Constable probably first saw the building during his 1820 visit; certainly in subsequent correspondence with John Fisher he several times expressed his desire to come back "to do something at the mill we went to, that famous mill a mile or two off".
		Constable is known to have completed four oil sketches/paintings of Parham's Mill, three from the elevation shown here and one other from a different angle.
	www.brwebsites.com /gillingham.museum/john.htm (730 words)

	Biographies from famous aritsts in the world (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Constable continued to study and copy the work of his predecessors for as long as he lived, constantly measuring their interpretations of the natural world against his own experience of it.
		Constable returned one day from Beaumont's collection 'with a deep conviction', he told Dunthorne, 'of the truth of Sir Joshua Reynolds's observation that "there is no easy way of becoming a good painter".
		His great friend Archdeacon John Fisher found a parallel in Gilbert White's method of 'narrowly observing and noting down all the natural occurrences that came within his view', but the entries on natural phenomena in Coleridge's notebooks are perhaps still closer to the spirit of Constable's observations.
	www.euro-art-gallery.com /history/constable.htm (1213 words)

	Cultural Values in Conservation
		Constable generally began work on the canvas with a ground and light toned imprimatura, followed by pencil underdrawing and thin underpainting.
		The deaccessing of a painting, because it is not quote "authentic,” often results in the object's banishment to an inaccessible storage area, where it cannot participate in the ongoing process of reevaluation of either the painting or the artist to whom it was previously attributed.
		This brief progression of examples, from which Constable has become increasingly absent, is meant to demonstrate a few of the varying degrees and types of involvement of a major artist in works that have been attributed to him.
	www.reed.edu /~crhyne/papers/deaccessioning.html (3457 words)

	John Constable: The Early Years (1776 - 1819)
		On June 11, 1776, at East Bergholt in Suffolk, John Constable was born the second son to Golding and Ann Constable.
		John Constable first attended a boarding school fifteen miles from East Bergholt when he was seven-years-old, then moved to a school in Lavenham, and finally ended up at Dedham, where he stayed until he was seventeen-years-old.
		Once Constable's father recognized that his son was quite serious about pursuing art as a career and was convinced of his talent, he allowed his son to travel to London to study art in 1795.
	www.umich.edu /~ece/student_projects/constable/biography.html (995 words)

	John Constable - Great Artists in History
		John Constable was born in East Bergholt, Suffolk 11 June 1776.
		The couple were loyal to eachother through long periods of separation as Constable spent six months of the year in London painting from his numerous sketches, preparing for the exhibition held by the Royal Academy each May. In the 1815 exhibition he showed eight pictures including 'Boatbuilding'.
		John Constable dies at night and is buried beside Maria in Hampstead.
	www.theartgallery.com.au /Constable.html (794 words)

	John Constable - Biography
		John Constable was born June 11, 1776 in East Bergholt, a village on the River Stour in Suffolk, England.
		This was however not really what John wanted to be, and in 1799 his father decided to let him join the Royal Academy in London to study art.
		John Constable died on March 31, 1837, and was buried in St. John's Church, London.
	www.artinthepicture.com /artists/John_Constable/biography.html (400 words)

	The Hay-Wain by CONSTABLE, John (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		John Constable's father was a wealthy Suffolk miller.
		Constable's truthfulness to nature and devotion to his native scene have passed into legend.
		In this final version Constable omitted a figure on horseback at the edge of the stream, substituting a barrel which he later painted out (but which is beginning to show through).
	www.wga.hu /html/c/constabl/haywain.html (459 words)

	John Constable
		John Constable looked closely at the properties of shifting light and the movements of clouds, creating paeans to actual places and times of day.
		Constable was thirty-nine before he sold a picture, and in his fifties before he was invited to join the Royal Academy.
		Constable, who made nature his subject, was dedicated to understanding and developing new ways to describe its mutability.
	www.j-m-w-turner.co.uk /artist/constable.htm (1115 words)

	Authentication: Science and art at odds? by Duane R. Chartier
		Unfortunately Constable's high estimation was echoed neither by the critics of the day, nor by scholars of a later generation, who see this painting as a dark and gloomy work revealing that Constable had largely lost his earlier vision of nature and the importance of his country home.
		Constable, R.A., a pupil of mine, exhibited a landscape in the large room of Somerset House [The Royal Academy], in which I painted a group of cattle showing the breath steaming from their mouths; I did them with palette knife to imitate his manner, and he kindly fathered them."
		Constable's son, John, to whom Mary Fisher had written that the painting about which he inquired after his father's death was as much his as his father's, died in Cambridge in 1841.
	www.conservartassoc.com /spie.html (7811 words)

	John Constable biography
		John Constable was born June 11, 1776, in East Bergholt, Suffolk.
		Constable was educated at Dedham Grammar School, and after he left school he worked in his father's business.
		Constable's greatest joy was painting his native Dedham Vale, the valley of the river Stour around Dedham and East Bergholt.
	www.britainexpress.com /History/bio/constable.htm (424 words)

	John Constable - Olga's Gallery
		John Constable was one of the major European landscape artists of the XIX century, whose art was admired by Delacroix and Gericault and influenced the masters of Barbizon and even the Impressionists, although he did not achieved much fame during his lifetime in England, his own country.
		John Constable was born in East Bergholt, Suffolk, on 11 June 1776, the fourth child and second son of Ann and Golding Constable.
		In 1793 his father decided to train him as a miller and, consequently, Constable spent a year working on the family mill, which helped him to determine his course of life: he would be an artist.
	www.abcgallery.com /C/constable/constable.html (261 words)

	BBC - Painting the Weather - Themes - Constable's clouds
		In a letter written to his closest friend John Fisher, John Constable famously wrote that ‘skies must and always shall with me make an effectual part of the composition.
		Constable wrote these words at the end of the Summer of 1821 after he had spent the previous four months producing an extraordinary series of cloud studies painted on the hills of Hampstead Heath, which he was to continue the following year.
		Constable’s cloud studies would have been used as raw material for his large-scale finished landscapes, but he appears to have relished the challenge of capturing the fleeting appearance of clouds for its own sake.
	www.bbc.co.uk /paintingtheweather/csv/theme/constable.shtml (255 words)

	John Constable, English painter, master painter in the Romantic style (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Constable was born on June 11, 1776, (one year after Turner) in East Bergholt, Suffolk, the son of a prosperous corn merchant with two water mills and 90 acres of land.
		Constable wrote as he painted, with an acute and serious eye on the subject, and with a spontaneous presentation of imagery; he also showed over and over again a robust wit and a taste for gossip.
		Constable's sketches of skies and sites such as Dedham Lock and Mill are regarded today as important works that capture the spirit and feeling of the countryside, possible to attain only when the artist is working directly from nature.
	website.lineone.net /~carpenter9/artist/turner-constable.htm (1753 words)

	[No title]
		After spending some years working in the picturesque tradition of landscape and the manner of Gainsborough, Constable developed his own original treatment from the attempt to render scenery more directly and realistically, carrying on but modifying in an individual way the tradition inherited from Ruisdael and the Dutch 17th-century landscape painters.
		Just as his contemporary William Wordsworth rejected what he called the `poetic diction' of his predecessors, so Constable turned away from the pictorial conventions of 18th-century landscape painters, who, he said, were always `running after pictures and seeking the truth at second hand'.
		Constable worked extensively in the open air, drawing and sketching in oils, but his finished pictures were produced in the studio.
	www.arthistory.cc /auth/constable (499 words)

	John Constable - Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Born in East Bergholt, Suffolk on 11 June 1776, Constable was the second son of the six children of Golding Constable and Ann Watts.
		In 1809 Constable met and fell in love with Maria Bicknell, but he was unable to marry her until 1816 owing to the opposition of Maria's grandfather.
		The marriage, which was the prelude to Constable's finest work, was a deeply happy one, and there were seven children, to whom the artist was devoted; Maria's health was far from robust, however, and she died in 1828, a blow from which Constable never fully recovered.
	www.bonus.com /contour/national_gallery/http@@/www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/pbio?6000 (601 words)

	John Constable (1776–1837) \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The English landscape painter John Constable once wrote, "I should paint my own places best." This precept guided his career, as Constable developed a unique style combining objective studies of nature with a deeply personal vision of the countryside around his boyhood home.
		Painted rapidly, wet-in-wet, Constable used short strokes and a restricted color palette to train his hand and eye, and to enhance the realism of his later paintings.
		The second edition bore the subtitle "Principally Intended to Mark the Phenomena of the Chiar'Oscuro of Nature," reflecting his belief that chiaroscuro, or the contrast between light and dark, was a principle of nature, and therefore crucial to landscape painting (the medium of mezzotint excels at conveying such tonal gradations).
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/jcns/hd_jcns.htm (969 words)

	handprint : john constable
		The windmills where Constable worked as a youth depended on the wind to do their work, which made millers acute observers of the inland skies and the subtle changes in wind or clouds that signaled changes in weather.
		Later in life (1821), Constable wrote that "It will be difficult to name a class of landscape in which the sky is not the keynote, the standard of scale, and the chief organ of sentiment...
		Constable's painting of Stonehenge (1835, 39x59cm) is perhaps the largest and most finished watercolor that he ever made; it was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1836.
	www.handprint.com /HP/WCL/artist39.html (913 words)

	John Linnell (painter) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		John Linnell (June 16, 1792 - January 20, 1882) was an English landscape painter.
		Linnell was a naturalist and a rival to John Constable.
		He had a taste for Northern European art of the Renaissance, particularly Albrecht Dürer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Linnell_(1792) (101 words)

	The Haywain by John Constable
		The Haywain by John Constable, is probably one of the most famous of all English paintings.
		John Constable was born in East Bergholt, Suffolk, England on 11th June 1776.
		A large collection of John Constable's works can be seen in the Victoria and Albert Museum, but The Haywain itself is in the National Gallery in London, England.
	www.thelilypad.co.uk /haywain.html (402 words)

	CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-... - Online Information article about CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-...
		Constable himself made a few desultory experiments in etching, but they are of no importance.
		ROUSSEAU, PIERRE ETIENNE THEODORE (1812–1867); French painter of the Barbizon school, was born in Paris on the 15th of April 1812, of a bourgeois family which included one or two artists.
		His dislike was reserved for the painterswho took their ideas from other painters instead of gettingl them directly from nature.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /COM_COR/CONSTABLE_JOHN_1776_1837_.html (2290 words)

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