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	Bl. John Duns Scotus
		John Duns Scotus, among the few members of the faculty, refused to accede to the wishes of the King and chose the way of exile, sometime between the 25th and 28th of June 1308.
		Scotus in his attempt to introduce and teach a theological position different from that upheld by the university, had to appear in a public dispute before the whole academic body, at the risk of expulsion from the university if he failed to defend his doctrine.
		John, was a correct expression of the faith of the Apostles: <"at the first moment of Her conception, Mary was preserved free from the stain of original sin, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ." >The seal of the Church's approval was also placed on Bl.
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/SCOTUS.htm (1317 words)

	Famous Scots - Saint John Duns Scotus
		John was born around 1265, probably in the Berwickshire village of Duns (where there is a statue to him).
		John Duns is known to have been teaching in Paris around 1301 but because he spoke out on behalf of the Pope in a dispute between the Pontiff and the King Philip the Fair of France, he was expelled.
		The intellectual ability of John Duns and his understanding of the teachings of Aquinas allowed him to be critical of the rival theology.
	www.rampantscotland.com /famous/blfamduns.htm (460 words)

	John Duns Scotus (circa 1266-1308) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Duns Scotus, John (circa 1266-1308), Scottish theologian and philosopher, founder of a school of Scholasticism known as Scotism.
		Duns Scotus was one of the most profound and subtle of the medieval theologians and philosophers known as Schoolmen.
		Duns Scotus was a staunch supporter of the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception, which Pope Pius IX defined as a dogma of the Roman Catholic church in 1854.
	www.connect.net /ron/dunsscotus.html (757 words)

	Duns Scotus, John. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The exact canon of Duns Scotus’ work is unknown; the best known of his undoubtedly authentic works are On the First Principle and two commentaries on the Sentences of Peter Lombard.
		In metaphysics, Duns taught the “univocity of being”; by this he meant that being must be regarded as the ultimate abstraction that can be applied to everything that exists.
		Scotus taught that the state arose from common consent of the people in a kind of social contract.
	www.bartleby.com /65/du/DunsScot.html (289 words)

	Duns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Duns is a burgh in the Scottish Borders.
		It is known as the birthplace of John Duns Scotus, from whose name the word dunce is derived, and also of racing driver Jim Clark.
		Duns Pipe Band (Duns, Scotland) Self funding, charity based in the Scottish Borders that competes in grades 3 and 4.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Duns.html (262 words)

	Island of Freedom - John Duns Scotus
		John Duns Scotus, Scottish theologian and philosopher, was founder of a school of Scholasticism known as Scotism.
		Scotus combined the Aristotelian theory of knowledge directed to the nature of physical objects as achievable by the abstractive power of the intellect with the Franciscan view of the soul as a substance in its own right with powers of intellection not confined to sensible reality.
		Scotus was one of the most profound and subtle of the medieval theologians and philosophers known as Schoolmen.
	www.island-of-freedom.com /SCOTUS.HTM (809 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Blessed John Duns Scotus
		Scotus strives to gain as thorough an insight as possible into the truths of faith, to disclose them to the human mind, to establish truth upon truth, and from dogma to prove or to reject many a philosophical proposition.
		Scotus was much given to the study of mathematics, and for this reason he insists on demonstrative proofs in philosophy and theology; but he is no real sceptic.
		Scotus is no precursor of Luther; he emphasizes ecclesiastical tradition and authority, the freedom of the will, the power of our reason, and the co-operation with grace.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05194a.htm (5314 words)

	A History of Western Philosophy 2.22
		Scotus would introduce a qualification here, his famous formal distinction, and we will return to that, but even in the terms we have used in presenting the context of what he has to say about being, he would not be in complete agreement with the foregoing.
		Scotus does not deny, of course, that the substantial mode of existence is one thing and the accidental mode of existence another, but he feels that we can prescind from or ignore this further difference and understand "being" as meaning some utterly one and simple thing as said of substance and accident.
		Scotus' attitude as a believer provides the personal setting for this effort, but the whole point of the work is that one who follows the arguments must, on the basis of the arguments, assent to the conclusions reached.
	www.nd.edu /Departments/Maritain/etext/hwp223.htm (5746 words)

	The Philosophy of John Duns Scotus
		John Duns Scotus (picture) was born in Scotland, probably in the village of Maxton (now Littledean), in 1265 or 1266.
		Concerning the theory of knowledge, Scotus' voluntarist doctrine reveals that many metaphysical and theological truths which are for St. Thomas demonstrable by reason are not so for Scotus once he advances the principle that the passage or transition from effect to cause is not always legitimate.
		Scotus, led by his doctrine that prime matter has a complete essence, separate and distinct from that of form, admits that in every individual there is a multiplicity of forms.
	www.radicalacademy.com /philscotus.htm (2686 words)

	JOHN DUNS SCOTUS - LoveToKnow Article on JOHN DUNS SCOTUS
		When his master, William Varron, removed to Paris in 1301, Duns Scotus was appointed to succeed him as professor of philosophy, and his lectures attracted an immense nuiliber of students.
		In 1308 Duns Scotus was sent by the general of his order to Cologne, with the twofold object of engaging in a controversy with the Beghards and of assisting in the foundation of a university; according to some, his removal was due to jealousy.
		Further, while the genius of Aquinas was constructive, that of Duns Scotus was destructive; Aquinas was a philosopher, Duns a critic.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /D/DU/DUNS_SCOTUS_JOHN.htm (947 words)

	John Duns Scotus
		Scotus then goes on to argue that there is an ultimate goal of activity (a being that is first in final causality), and a maximally excellent being (a being that is first in what Scotus calls "pre-eminence").
		Scotus next proves that the three primacies are coextensive: that is, any being that is first in one of these three ways will also be first in the other two ways.
		Scotus was a realist about universals, and like all realists he had to give an account of what exactly those universals are: what their status is, what sort of existence they have outside the mind.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/duns-scotus (8720 words)

	Duns Scotus -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He was born in (Horse of a dull brownish gray color) Duns, (One of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts) Scotland.
		Perhaps the most influential point of Duns Scotus' theology was his defense of the ((Christianity) the Roman Catholic doctrine that the Virgin Mary was conceived without any stain of original sin) Immaculate Conception of (The mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics) Mary.
		Scotus' is usually associated with (Click link for more info and facts about voluntarism) voluntarism, the tendency to emphasize God's will and human freedom in all philosophical issues.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/du/duns_scotus.htm (550 words)

	Blessed John Duns Scotus
		John Duns Scotus is commonly known as Doctor Subtilis, the Subtle Doctor, in theological and philosophical circles.
		The writings of Duns Scotus are not characterized by the clarity of St. Thomas Aquinas.
		Duns Scotus pushed this obstruction from the path by showing that instead of being excluded from the redemption of the Savior, Mary obtained the greatest of redemptions through the mystery of her preservation from all sin.
	www.udayton.edu /mary/meditations/samaha10.htm (1643 words)

	John Duns Scotus
		John Duns Scotus (1265/66-1308) was one of the most important and influential philosopher-theologians of the High Middle Ages.
		Scotus, by contrast, argues that prime matter not only can but does exist as such: "it is one and the same stuff that underlies every substantial change" (King [forthcoming]).
		Scotus argues that the human intellect is capable of achieving certainty in its knowledge of the truth simply by the exercise of its own natural powers, with no special divine help.
	www.seop.leeds.ac.uk /archives/sum2001/entries/duns-scotus (8734 words)

	Bl. John Duns Scotus
		Duns Scotus Page, This page is maintained by Professor Thomas Williams, who welcomes contributions from all interested students of the Subtle Doctor.
		John Duns Scotus, the Famous Francisan Theologian: biography and latin texts, by.
		Scotus is an incisive philosophical examination of causality, and provides ample philosophic demonstration of the errors of Spencerian evolution.
	www.franciscan-archive.org /scotus (522 words)

	John Duns Scotus at Erratic Impact's Philosophy Research Base
		Duns Scotus on the Will and Morality by John Duns Scotus, William A. Frank (Editor), Alan B. Wolter (Translator), Allan B. Wolter (Translator).
		Since the original publication of Duns Scotus on the Will and Morality in 1986, there has been a remarkable growth of interest in the thought of this early fourteenth-century Franciscan master.
		Scotus, who was a Scot, and Ockham, who was English, both studied and taught at Oxford, were both members of the Franciscan order, the order established at the beginning of the 13th century by Francis of Assissi.
	www.erraticimpact.com /~medieval/html/john_duns_scotus.htm (822 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Blessed John Duns Scotus
		John pointed out the richness of the Augustinian-Franciscan tradition, appreciated the wisdom of Aquinas, Aristotle and the Muslim philosophers, and still managed to be an independent thinker.
		In 1303 when King Philip the Fair tried to enlist the University of Paris on his side in a dispute with Pope Boniface VIII over the taxation of Church property, but John dissented and was given three days to leave France.
		The Franciscan minister general assigned John to the Franciscan school in Cologne; he died there the next year.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/saintj55.htm (269 words)

	John De Duns
		DUNS, JOHN DE, (SCOTUS,) that is, "John of Dunse, Scotsman," an eminent philosopher, was born in the latter part of the thirteenth century.
		Eccles.) relate, ‘that Scotus, occupied on a farm, and, though the son of a rich man, employed in keeping sheep, according to the custom of his country, that youth may not become vicious from idleness, was met by two Franciscan friars, begging as usual for their monastery.
		The fame of John Duns Scotus, during his lifetime, and for many years after his decease, was extraordinary, and goes to prove the extent of his talents, however misapplied and wasted they were on the subtilties of school philosophy and the absurdities of school divinity.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/other/duns_john.htm (1119 words)

	Jacques Maritain Center: CE - Scotism
		Concerning the character and teaching of Scotus we have already spoken in the special article, where it was stated that he has been unjustly charged with Indeterminism, excessive Realism, Pantheism, Nestorianism, etc.
		It is especially noteworthy that none of the propositions peculiar to Scotus or Scotism has been censured by ecclesiastical authority, while the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception was soon accepted by all schools, orders, and theologians outside the Dominican Order, and was raised to a dogma by Pius IX.
		Duns Scotus (Vienna, 1881); HOLZAPFEL, Handbuch der Gesch.
	www.nd.edu /Departments/Maritain/etext/scotism.htm (2227 words)

	Duns Scotus and the problem of universals (John Duns Scotus).
		I argue that Scotus' theory of common natures answers the contemporary problem of universals by denying that universals are needed either to explain real resemblances between things or to explain causation.
		Although I use Scotus to address a contemporary metaphysical problem, I emphasize his distance from the framework of contemporary metaphysical debate: his discussion of natures is outside the framework of events, objects and properties.
		Scotus, like Aristotle, assumes the framework of a constituent ontology: essence is not a property or a set of properties of that to which it belongs.
	repository.upenn.edu /dissertations/AAI3095856 (261 words)

	Servants - Scotus-eng
		John was born in the Scottish Border town of Duns, Berwickshire, about the year 1265.
		Scotus defended the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception at Cologne and Paris, and a disputation which he held in Paris persuaded that University to adopt that doctrine, and won for John Duns Scotus the title of the "Subtle Doctor".
		That was the year John Duns Scotus was beatified (20th March 1993) The 'M' in the logo stands for Duns Scotus' love of Mary the mother of God.
	www.firponet.com /Francesco/Servants/Scotus/Fran_serv_Scotus_eng.htm (926 words)

	John Duns Scotus
		Duns Scotus would have spent the last four years of the 13-year program as bachelor of theology, devoting the first year to preparing lectures on Peter Lombard's Sentences-the textbook of theology in the medieval universities-and the second to delivering them.
		At any rate, Duns Scotus was back before the summer of 1304, for he was the bachelor respondent in the disputatio in aula (public disputation) when his predecessor, Giles of Ligny, was promoted to master.
		Duns Scotus' effort was to show that the perfect mediation would be preventative, not merely curative.
	www.philipresheph.com /a424/gallery/concept/scotus.htm (1780 words)

	Catholic Culture : Document Library : John Duns Scotus: Champion of the Immaculate Conception
		The majority of these written works are commentaries or treatises on disputed questions, for he was recognized as a heated controversialist — incisive in his criticism, relentless in his logic, decisive in his refutation, seemingly more adept in analyzing than in synthesizing.
		Duns Scotus's followers made additions and attached comments when gathering his works for publication some years after his death.
		Brother John M. Samaha, S.M., belongs to the Pacific Province of the Marianists, and is currently working at Villa St. Joseph in Cupertino, Calif. Previously he was engaged in high school and adult education in the western states and Lebanon.
	www.catholicculture.org /docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=5825 (1735 words)

	[No title]
		It is with an allusion to the works of St. Thomas that Scotus' triple argument in defense of the necessity and therefore reliability of faith sets out: distinct knowledge of his end through cognition is necessary for every agent.
		Scotus is of the opinion that the perpetuity of a good of this kind is the very condition that makes this end desirable.
		Scotus points out that human beings can not know their end distinctly from natural sources.
	www.georgetown.edu /faculty/jod/augustine/sule (1235 words)

	Duns Scotus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Duns Scotus, Metaphysician (Purdue University Press Series in the History of Philosophy)
		Blessed John Duns Scotus is one of the greatest minds that the Franciscan school of thought has produced.
		The Metaphysics of the Incarnation: Thomas Aquinas to Duns Scotus
	www.freeglossary.com /Duns_Scotus (361 words)

	RAFFINIERT.CH - Philosophie - John Duns Scotus (1266-1308) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Duns Scotus versuchte, eine klare Grenze zwischen Philosophie und Theologie zu finden.
		Duns Scotus versuchte, die Grenze zwischen Philosophie und Theologie neu zu ziehen und damit den Konflikt zwischen Wissen und Glauben zu lösen. Gegen die Aristoteliker wandte er ein, aus Vernunftbeweisen sei keine unmittelbare Erkenntnis zu gewinnen, daher hielt er die Unsterblichkeit der Seele und Gottes Existenz nicht für beweisbar.
		Duns Scotus prägte das spätmittelalterliche Denken, indem er eine genaue Prüfung von Argumenten forderte und den Harmonisierungsbemühungen Thomas von Aquins kritisch gegenüberstand.
	www.raffiniert.ch /sdunsscotus.html (229 words)

	Directory - Society: Religion and Spirituality: Christianity: Denominations: Catholicism: Saints: J: Blessed John Duns ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Island of Freedom: John Duns Scotus · cached · Brief biography of the founder of Scotism.
		The Life of Blessed John Duns Scotus · cached · Courtesy of the Franciscan Friars of the Immaculate.
		John Duns Scotus · cached · Short paper on the question of faith and reason, with notes.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=244117 (191 words)

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