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Topic: John Frost (Chartist)

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	John Frost
		Frost was a passionate reader and was deeply influenced by the political works of Tom Paine and William Cobbett.
		John Frost's plan was to march on Newport where the Chartists planned to demand the release of Vincent.
		John Frost was sent to Tasmania where he worked for three years as a clerk and eight years as a school teacher.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /CHfrost.htm (1277 words)

	John Campbell, Baron Campbell - LoveToKnow 1911
		JOHN CAMPBELL CAMPBELL, Baron (1779-1861), lord chancellor of England, the second son of the Rev. George Campbell, D.D., was born on the 17th of September 1779 at Cupar, Fife, where his father was for fifty years parish minister.
		At this time also he exerted himself for the reform of justice in the ecclesiastical courts, for the uniformity of the law of marriage (which he held should be a purely civil contract) and for giving prisoners charged with felony the benefit of counsel.
		In 1840 Campbell conducted the prosecution against John Frost, one of the three Chartist leaders who attacked the town of Newport, all of whom were found guilty of high treason.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /John_Campbell,_Baron_Campbell (1778 words)

	John Frost Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		John Frost's father died early in his childhood and he was brought up by his grandparents.
		Establishing himself as a prominent Chartist, in 1835 he was elected as a councillor in Newport and appointed as a megistrate.
		Frost toured the United States lecturing on the unfairness of the British electoral system until 1856, when this condition was lifted and he retired to Stapleton.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/j/jo/john_frost.html (512 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - John Frost
		John Frost was born in Newport, Monmouthshire, on 25th May, 1784.
		John Frost's plan was to march on Newport where the Chartists planned to demand the release of Vincent.
		John Frost was sent to Tasmania where he worked for three years as a clerk and eight years as a school teacher.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A1083322 (1021 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/John Frost (Chartist)
		Establishing himself as a prominent Chartist, in 1835 he was elected as a councillor in Newport and appointed as a magistrate.
		Frost toured the United States lecturing on the unfairness of the British electoral system until 1856, when this condition was lifted and he retired to Stapleton.
		John Frost is buried in the churchyard of Holy Trinity Horfield Bristol.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/John_Frost_(Chartist) (569 words)

	Chartism
		One of the leaders of the movement, John Frost, on trial for treason, claimed in his defence that he had toured Wales urging people not to break the law, although he was himself guilty of using language that some might interpret as being a call to arms.
		Frost's attitudes and stance, often seen as ambivalent, led another Chartist to describe Frost as putting 'a sword in my hand and a rope around my neck'.
		The Chartists did manage to enter the building momentarily, but were forced to retreat in disarray: twenty were killed, another fifty wounded.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ch/Chartist.html (678 words)

	Monmouth & Monmouthshire's colourful History : John Frost, Chartist
		When John Frost and the 3,000 marchers arrived in Newport they discovered that the authorities had made more arrests and were holding several Chartists in the Westgate Hotel.
		The Chartist attack on the Westgate Hotel Frost and others involved in the march on Newport were arrested and charged with high treason.
		John Frost died at the age of ninety-three on 27th July, 1877.
	www.monmouth.org.uk /History/Residents/johnfrost.php (947 words)

	BBC - South East Wales Historical Figures - John Frost
		John Frost blamed solicitor Thomas Prothero for William Foster's decision to exclude him from the legacy.
		Frost turned his attention to the campaign for the People's Charter for electoral reform, and was sacked as a magistrate for advocating violence.
		John Frost was good friends with a chap called Pinkerton who fled to the US and started a detective agency after the Westgate debacle.
	www.bbc.co.uk /wales/southeast/halloffame/historical_figures/johnfrost.shtml (1460 words)

	1835, Sept. 9. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The Newport Uprising was the result of rising unemployment and cuts in hours exacerbated by the Chartist activities of John Frost.
		Welsh miners joined with Frost and other Welsh radicals to march to Newport, take the city, and demand that the mines be turned over to their control.
		As a result of the failed uprising, John Frost and several other Chartists were sentenced to death.
	www.bartleby.com /67/1049.html (750 words)

	Newport, South Wales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		When John Frost, Zephaniah Williams, William Jones and the five thousand marchers arrived in Newport, they discovered that several chartists had been arrested and were being held in the Westgate Hotel.
		John Frost, and the others involved in the march were arrested, charged with high treason, and were sentenced to be hung, drawn and quartered.
		John Frost was sent to Tasmania and worked as a clerk for three years, and then as a schoolteacher for eight.
	www.geocities.com /newport_wales/History.htm (474 words)

	Newport South Wales - History of Newport South Wales, Important key dates from the last 200 years
		Newport was the focal point of a major Chartist uprising in 1839, where John Frost and 3,000 others marched on the Westgate Hotel at the centre of the town.
		John Frost was sentenced to death for treason, but was instead transported to Australia: he returned to Britain (but not to Newport) later in his life.
		John Frost Square, in the centre of the city, is named in his honour.
	history.ofnewport.com (952 words)

	[No title]
		Thomas Powell, the Chartist leader, was now in charge of the town of Llanidloes and he tried to act responsibly, being concerned to maintain the peace and appointing watchmen to ensure it.
		Frost seems to have lost faith in reforming politics by local action and by 1838 he had played an active part in setting up a Chartist Group in Newort following the esrtablishment of the first such group in Monmouthshire the year before in Pontypool.
		Frost, Williams and Jones were all found guilty of high treason and sentenced to death by hanging, drawing and quartering, the standard penalty for high treason.
	www.angelfire.com /ga/BobSanders/CHARTISM.html (2416 words)

	The Chartists
		Chartist lodges were springing up everywhere, largely due to the missionary zeal of Henry Vincent, one of the most charismatic speakers of his day, and William Edwards, known as the Newport Baker.
		John Frost was arrested that evening in the house of a friend in Newport, David Lewis was found hiding in a chest at the King Crispin on November 5th, and William Jones was arrested after a brief struggle near the Navigation Inn at Crumlin.
		The rising was led by John Frost, a radical former mayor of Newport and magistrate – until he was removed by the Lord Chancellor for his political activities.
	www.bioeddie.co.uk /ebbw-vale/chartists.htm (5018 words)

	Newport South Wales UK from 1830 to 1839
		Once again Prothero had triumphed and Frost was the loser but it was the spirit of the man, that in spite of the massive forces of wealth, corruption, intrigue, flmail and self interest ranged against him, he continued to fight to the bitter end.
		John Frost was attracted to Chartism from the earliest days and on being approached eagerly joined the movement, seeing in it a vehicle from which to enhance the work he had been undertaking for years on behalf of the exploited people of the valleys and of the deprived in Newport.
		At dawn on the 4th, Frost and Williams arrived at the Welsh Oak on the Risca Road at the head of 5,000 men; Jones was reported to be nearing Malpas with another 3,000.
	www.newportpast.com /nfs/y30t39/chapter2.htm (3649 words)

	READ, W. (Engraver), John Frost. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		John Frost (1781-1877) was a magistrate and one-time mayor of the Welsh coal-mining town of Newport.
		For his role in the protest, Frost was tried for sedition, and sentenced "to be hung, drawn, and quartered" - reputedly the last time that notorious sentence was handed down.
		As a political prisoner, Frost was excused from hard labour and was instead assigned various clerical and teaching positions.
	www.polybiblio.com /hordern/111_088.html (226 words)

	A Welsh Uprising
		The newspaper reported that the Chartists, having previously been apprehended for rioting, came armed with guns, pistols, pikes and bludgeons to the Trewythen Arms, where they broke doors and windows to force their way in.
		Frost was found guilty of high treason along with William Jones and Rees (Jack the Fifer).
		Frost, along with other leaders of the mob, was sentenced to death, but the sentence was commuted to one of life imprisonment in Australia.
	www.dragonontheweb.com /wales12.htm (2041 words)

	Welsh History - A New Identity - free Suite101.com course
		The Chartists were part of a new popular movement named after the radical London reformer Williams Levett, who drafted a bill known as "The People's Charter" in May 1838.
		The aims of the Chartists were simple enough: universal male suffrage, vote by ballot, equal electoral districts, annual parliaments, abolition of the property qualifications for election to Parliament, and payment for members (so that it could be open to all classes).
		Frost, Jones, and Rees were sentenced to death by hanging, drawing and quartering; but the sentence was later commuted to one of life imprisonment in Australia.
	www.suite101.com /lesson.cfm/17851/1275/3 (891 words)

	Chartist Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		A debate on the motion that the petitioners be heard in the House of Commons (12 July) is rejected by 235 votes to 46.
		Chartist rallies end in clashes with the army at Newcastle and in a riot at Birmingham.
		John Frost and other leaders of the Newport uprising are tried for high treason and sentenced to be hanged and their bodies quartered.
	www.chartists.net /Chartist-Timeline (556 words)

	Welsh People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Frost established himself as the leader of the supporters of universal suffrage in Newport.
		Frost planned to march on Newport where the Chartists planned to demand the release of Vincent.
		When John Frost and the 3,000 marchers arrived in Newport they discovered that the authorities had made more arrests and were holding several Chartists in the Westgate Hotel - the Chartists immediately marched to the hotel.
	members.tripod.com /~BDaugherty/cymru/people.html (2834 words)

	Chartism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Chartist leaders were mainly skilled artisans who had no experience in organizational matters and the task of establishing a national m ovement for the amelioration of the workers' lot proved ultimately beyond them.
		The Chartists organized lectures, public meetings and national conventions which quite alarmed the local magistrates in an age when public order was almos t totally dependent upon the cooperation of the local citizenry.
		Later in 1839, when the Chartists appeared extraordinarily militant, magistrates were authorized to arrest armed Chartists; Lords Lieutenant were empowered to arm special constables and loyalist groups; and a royal proclamation forbade military drills on the part of private citizens.
	www.cats.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ac/chartis.htm (1288 words)

	Newport Rising
		Frost's plan was to march on Newport where the Chartists planned to demand the release of Vincent.
		Strengthened by the arrival of the men sent by the Home Secretary, the magistrates assembled at the hotel, and decided upon arresting the individuals against whom the warrants were out; and, to be prepared for the worst, had sent the town crier to request the immediate presence of the special constables then in the town.
		The special constables, many of whose acquaintances were among the crowd, were seen to give way on the approach of the Chartists, and to seek their safety either in the hotel, or by trusting to their legs.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /CHnewport.htm (1985 words)

	Chartist children (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		A better documented Chartist childhood is that of W E Adams, born in Cheltenham in 1832, who grew up to be an advocate of radical causes (though hostile to late 19th century socialism) throughout his long life, and who served 36 years as editor of the Newcastle Weekly Chronicle.
		If all Chartist homes had been as well kept as Larry's, there might have been less discontent in the country, but there would have been more force and vitality in the movement to which the masses of the people gave their sanction.
		Our next Chartist visitor, I recollect, was Mr R G Gammage, the author of a sketch of the history of Chartism, who subsequently studied medicine under great difficulties, and settled down as a practitioner in Sunderland.
	www.chartists.net /Chartist-children (2966 words)

	John Frost / 100 Welsh Heroes / 100 Arwyr Cymru
		Like Owain Glyndwr, John Frost was a well-to-do individual whose local grievances became part of a much wider struggle.
		Following a split in the movement, Frost threw in his lot with the Physical Force Chartists, who advocated violent action to achieve reform.
		Frost marched on Newport at the head of three thousand men, mostly miners from the Gwent Valleys.
	www.100welshheroes.com /en/biography/johnfrost (396 words)

	Basic Education Programme - When British workers had a mass revolutionary movement: the Chartists
		Some thousands of partly-armed miners led by John Frost marched down on Newport through torrents of rain on the night of Sunday, November 3rd, 1839.
		The rest dispersed and Frost and the other leaders were arrested and sentenced to death, the sentence being afterwards commuted to one of transportation.
		The Chartist paper The Northern Star reached a circulation of 50,000 and the movement received a valuable political education in its struggle against the Anti-Corn Law League.
	archive.workersliberty.org /publications/eduprog/chartist.htm (2004 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : History : Social Development in the Industrial Revolution
		Leaders of the Chartist movement urged for more equality and social reform They even demonstrated one way in which people’s lives could be improved by creating "model villages".
		The lucky owners of the cottages in the village were the winners of a Chartist competition advertised in a newspaper.
		One of the leaders, John Frost, having served his sentence, later returned from Australia and went on to become an important Lord Mayor of Bristol.
	www.saburchill.com /history/chapters/IR/072.html (654 words)

	Alibris: Chartism
		Chartist poetry was written by and for workers.
		In contrast with the portrayal of workers by mainstream Victorian writers, Chartist verse is intellectual, complex, and socially conscious and reflects an international outlook.
		John Walton provides a concise period background and discusses the Chartists' economic, legislative and political goals, patterns of regional and local support, reasons for the Chartist decline, the success of Chartism in the light of its goals...
	www.alibris.com /search/books/subject/Chartism (366 words)

	Radio Times
		In South Wales the movement seemed to mean almost everything to every workingman and when Parliament rejected the Chartist National Petition by 235 votes to 46 in July of 1839, the militant side of the movement came to the fore.
		The leaders, John Frost, Zephaniah Williams and William Jones, were arrested, then tried for high treason and sentenced to death, although, after public outcry, the sentence was altered and they were transported.
		They call themselves The Chartists and dress up to look authentic; although their intention is not to act the characters, the mood tends to take them over.
	www.angelfire.com /indie/thechartists/new_page_7.htm (685 words)

	BBC - History - The Chartist Movement 1838 - 1848
		William Lovett died in 1877, having spent his life since the years of the Chartist Movement promoting working-class education.
		John Frost returned to Britain from exile in 1856; Robert Peddie was not heard of again; and George Binns died in New Zealand, aged only 31.
		During the century after the end of the movement, most of the Chartist demands were passed into law, and undoubtedly the Chartist issues of democratic inclusion and the rights of citizenship remain highly relevant today.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/british/victorians/chartist_05.shtml (265 words)

	Famous People of Herefordshire Monmouthshire and Royal Forest of Dean
		John Drinkwater's first full-length play was Rebellion (1914) but his first real success writing for the theatre came in 1918 with Abraham Lincoln.
		John Masefield and the young Wilfrid Owen – seem almost conscious of their role as the architects of nostalgia, in lyric poems which celebrate a timeless English countryside.
		Poet, novelist, dramatist and journalist, John Masefield's literary career was rich and varied, and although his reputation waned in later years, he is again being recognized for his wide range, encompassing ballads, nature poetry and mythological narrative, and for his attempt to make poetry a popular art.
	www.royalforestofdean.info /famous-people.shtml (5866 words)

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