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Topic: John Herapath

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	Neglected Pioneers
		John Herapath (1790-1868) was an Englishman who might be called an amateur scientist except that the distinction between amateur and professional was not very significant at the time.
		Herapath was initially interested in developing an explanation of gravity in terms of the impacts of particles of an ethereal fluid, somewhat along the lines of the "kinetic theory of gravity" proposed by G. LeSage and many others.
		Herapath simply assumed that the scalar momentum mv of a particle is a measure of its absolute temperature and that the total momentum of a system is conserved in collisions while individual momenta tend to be equalized.
	www.math.umd.edu /~lvrmr/History/Neglected.html (1997 words)

	John James Waterston Summary
		John James Waterston (1811 - June 18, 1883) was a Scottish physicist, a neglected pioneer of the kinetic theory of gases.
		John was born, the sixth of nine children, into a family alive with interests in literature, science and music.
		He studied mathematics and physics under Sir John Leslie as well as attending lectures in chemistry, anatomy and surgery and becoming an active participant in the student literary society.
	www.bookrags.com /John_James_Waterston (782 words)

	John_Herapath (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		John Herapath (May 30, 1790 - February 24, 1868) was an English physicist who gave a partial account of the kinetic theory of gases in 1820 though it was neglected by the scientific community at the time.
		Herapath postulated that the momentum of a particle in a gas is a measure of the absolute temperature of the gas.
		In 1835 Herapath became editor of The Railway Magazine (not to be confused with The Railway Magazine which commenced publication in 1897 - see notes in discussion page), which gave him some limited opportunity to publish his scientific ideas.
	pregnancy-advice.rubylq2.com /John_Herapath (574 words)

	Washingtonpost.com: Boltzmann's Atom: The Great Debate That Launched A Revolution In Physics
		Waterston knew of Herapath's work, and of his erroneous formula for temperature, but neither of these two men, it appears, was aware that the atomic picture of a gas was close to a century old by the time they came to it.
		Although Bernoulli, then Herapath, then Waterston had made more precise and specific the atomic picture devised by Democritus and recounted by Lucretius, they had not yet improved greatly on the nature of the argument: a critic could still argue, with considerable reason, that this was a nice picture, but hardly a scientific theory.
		As late as 1845, when John Waterston submitted his ill-fated manuscript to the Royal Society, the explanation of heat as atoms in motion —; it was known as the kinetic theory of heat —; was to some extent a hypothesis in search of a problem.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/boltzmannsatom.htm (6463 words)

	petymol.g.html
		John Dow Fisher Gilchrist, (Anstruther, Scotland) 1866-1926, PhD in 1894 in Jena on pallial organs of bullomorphs, is likely the person honoured in the spiny lobster name Palinurus gilchristi Stebbing, 1898 and in the Callianassid name Podocallichirus gilchristi (Barnard, 1946).
		John Goodman, 1???-, professor of zoology at the University of Redlands [Acmaea goodmani Berry, 1960].
		John Edward Gray, (12 Feb. - Walsall, Staffordshire) 1800-1875 (7 Mar. - London), English zoologist and one of the most notable figures in the early history of zoology at the British Museum.
	www.tmbl.gu.se /libdb/taxon/personetymol/petymol.g.html (13368 words)

	History of Thermodynamics: Timeline
		John Dalton (1766-1844) finds that two gases in the same region produce the same pressure as if they occupied the region alone, known as the law of partial pressures.
		John Herapath (1790-1868) writes On the Physical Properties of Gases, essentially proposing the same theory as that of Daniel Bernoulli, but developed independently.
		John James Waterston (1811-1883) anonymously publishes Thoughts on the Mental Functions (1843)’ A note at the end contains a full and accurate account of the kinetic theory of gases and the idea of a mean free path.
	www.wiley.com /college/schmidt/047114343X/thermonet/history/historytimeline.html (4303 words)

	Sketching the History of Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		John Herschel (1792-1871) publishes (anonymously, though generally known) an article on Quetelet's work in statistics, introducing much of the continental work on statistics to British scientists.
		Joseph John Thomson (1856-1940) demonstrates that cathode rays were electrically charged particle streams, know shortly thereafter as electrons.
		John von Neumann (1903-1957) formulates a fully quantum mechanical generalization of statistical mechanics.
	history.hyperjeff.net /statmech.html (6788 words)

	John Lewis Cribbs Causeway
		Later that year she was appointed General Manager, John Lewis Bristol and became
		John Lewis is closes at 9pm Mon - Fri.
		John Lewis, Cribbs Causeway, Bristol - Extension to Customer Restaurant.
	www.johnshop.co.uk /cribbs-causeway.htm (207 words)

	PowerPedia:Thermodynamics - PESWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Sir John Leslie observed that the cooling effect of a stream of air increased with its speed, in 1804.
		John Herapath later independently formulated a kinetic theory in 1820, but mistakenly associated temperature with momentum rather than vis viva or kinetic energy.
		John James Waterston in 1843 provided a largely accurate account, again independently, but his work received the same reception, failing peer review even from someone as well-disposed to the kinetic principle as Davy.
	peswiki.com /index.php/PowerPedia:Thermodynamics (4312 words)

	Introduction
		The most popular such model, favored by the pioneering chemist John Dalton (around the year 1800), postulated the existence of point-like atoms surrounded by spherical "atmospheres" of caloric, the invisible fluid which was supposed to be responsible for most phenomena involving the exchange of heat.
		Caloric atmospheres supposedly repelled each other, and were also indefinitely expandable (for instance, as gas was pumped out of a container and became more rarefied); the atoms were thus always in contact, stacked up somewhat like billiard balls, and their mutual repulsion accounted for the gaseous pressure.
		Since it was already known by the year 1800, after careful scales of temperature and thermometers had been devised, that the product PV for a gas was proportional to its temperature, the kinetic model's result suggested strongly that the temperature of a gas was a measure of the translational kinetic energy of its atoms.
	www.uark.edu /misc/julio/kinth/intro.html (790 words)

	John Clerk - Qwika (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		John Jenkins Barrow John Jenkins Barrow (born October 31, 1955) is...
		John Whittaker Taylor (May 15, 1858–October 10, 1916) was the son of John Taylor (the third President of The...
		John was born, the sixth of nine children...
	www.qwika.com /find/John_Clerk?int=110 (482 words)

	antigravity
		Masses, he thought, shielded one another from this space pressure and are thus pushed together by the unshielded pressure on their opposite sides.
		Although LeSage’s theory never won much support in the wider scientific community, it did strongly influence John Herapath, an English amateur scientist, in developing an early version of the kinetic theory of gases.
		It also came back into play when attempts were made to explain some anomalies in the motion of the moon that had been detected in the first decade of the twentieth century by Simon Newcomb.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/A/antigravity.html (941 words)

	List of Publications: Stephen G. Brush
		John James Waterston (1811-1883) submitted a paper to the Royal Society in 1845 but it was refused publication and remained unknown until after his death.
		John James Waterston and the kinetic theory of gases.
		John Dalton, Gregor Mendel and Albert Einstein: What counts (contrary to Francis Bacon and his modern followers) is not the accumulation of data but the brilliant insight that reveals the regularity lying hidden beneath the chaos of superficial appearances.
	punsterproductions.com /~sciencehistory/sgbpubs.php (15782 words)

	History and outlook of statistical physics :: The Revival of the Kinetic Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In 1820 in England John Herapath, born 1790 at Bristol, critisized the derivation of the gas laws by Laplace and gave an account of the kinetic theory, but his paper was not accepted for publication in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society because it was considered to be too speculative.
		In 1847 Joule published a paper in the Manchester Courier with the title "On Matter, Living Force, and Heat" where he stated the principle of conservation of energy.
		The most frequent way in which living force is thus converted into heat is by means of friction." Furthermore he gave the amount of heat equivalent to the converted kinetic energy.
	statisticfunction.net /kinetic/index.html (1023 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on HACKED BY TURK-SOPHİA
		John Henry de La Poer Beresford, 5th Marquess of Waterford (en)
		John Henry Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland (en)
		John Henry Thomas Manners-Sutton, 3rd Viscount Canterbury (en)
	www.blinkbits.com /wikifeeds/JO?from=12600 (222 words)

	Herapath John 1798 1868 Mathematical physics, or, The mathematical principles of natural philosophy : with a ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Herapath John 1798 1868 Mathematical physics, or, The mathematical principles of natural philosophy : with a development of the causes of heat, gaseous elasticity, gravitation, and other great phenomena of nature by John Herapath...
		Mathematical physics, or, The mathematical principles of natural philosophy : with a development of the causes of heat, gaseous elasticity, gravitation, and other great phenomena of nature / by John Herapath...
		London : Whittaker and Co. and Herapath's Railway Journal Office., 1847.
	www.aip.org /history/catalog/books/14647.html (131 words)

	Historical Assessments of the Fatio-Lesage Theory
		Several of the founders of modern kinetic theory, including both John Herapath in 1820 and John James Waterston in 1845, began their investigations by trying to devise mechanical explanations of gravity.
		Herapath seems to have been influenced explicitly by Lesage’s writings, whereas Waterston was apparently one of the many independent discoverers of the concept.
		However, it must also be said that, as the principles of kinetic theory emerged, the plausibility of a Lesagean explanation of gravity was diminished rather than increased.
	www.mathpages.com /home/kmath209/kmath209.htm (4266 words)

	Almost Everyone's Guide to Science
		He based his model on the discovery that for any particular compound, no matter how the compound has been prepared, the ratio of the weights of the different elements present is always the same.
		The kinetic theory was rediscovered twice (first by John Herapath in 1820, then by John Waterston in 1845), and ignored each time, before it finally became accepted by most scientists in the 1850s, largely as a result of the work of James Joule.
		In the early 1860s, the French chemist Alexandre Beguyer de Chancourtois and the British chemist John Newlands each independently came up with versions of this idea, but their work was ignored.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/g/gribbin-guide.html (6693 words)

	Offshore Company
		James Clerk Maxwell was born on June 13, 1831.
		Interestingly, it was at this time that physicist Michael Faraday was in the process of completing his work on magnetic induction, a concept upon which Maxwell would later build.
		His father, John Clerk Maxwell, undertook the education of his son, with the aid of his sister-in-law Jane Cay, both of which played pivotal roles in the life of James.
	uimag.com /?title=James_Clerk_Maxwell (3005 words)

	statmech
		Gave an improved account of kinetic theory, with a modern definition of temperature and stated for the first time the law of equipartition of energy.
		Revived Herapath's theory and calculated the speed of hydrogen molecules.
		It countered the prevailing view that molecules in a gas vibrate about an equilibrium position.
	www.nd.edu /~emarsha1/phys452/homepage/history/statmech.html (251 words)

	America: South America (A&M)
		John Crawford (1746-1813) physician and reformer: memorandum proposing measures to improve health in Dutch Guyana (now Surinam), of which Crawford had been surgeon-major, 1795 WMS Amer 98
		John Davy MD FRS (1790-1868) army surgeon, Inspector of Hospitals in the West Indies: journal kept in Trinidad including visit to Georgetown, Demerara (now Guyana), 1847 MS 7701
		Thornton John Herapath (1830-1858): journal of voyage from Southampton to Chile via the Panama overland route, stopping with Herapath's arrival at "Huanacho or Guanacho" (probably Huanchaco).
	library.wellcome.ac.uk /doc_WTL039949.html (1439 words)

	The National Archives \| National Register of Archives \| Browse the combined corporate and business indexes
		Healy, John (1841-1918) Roman Catholic Archbishop of Tuam (1)
		Heenan, John Carmel (1905-1975) Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster (2)
		Herapath, William Bird (1820-1868) Surgeon and Chemist (1)
	www.nationalarchives.gov.uk /nra/browser/person/page/person_HE.htm (2047 words)

	Kinetic Theory of Gases: A Brief Review
		In fact, in the 1820's an Englishman, John Herapath, derived the relationship between pressure and molecular speed given below, and tried to get it published by the Royal Society.
		It was rejected by the president, Humphry Davy, who pointed out that equating temperature with motion, as Herapath did, implied that there would be an absolute zero of temperature, an idea Davy was reluctant to accept.
		It is not difficult to extend Bernoulli's picture to a quantitative description, relating the gas pressure to the molecular velocities.
	galileo.phys.virginia.edu /classes/252/kinetic_theory.html (2171 words)

	Bristol Photographers
		Hawke, John D 1894, 57 Castle Street 1895 last entry
		Herapath, T J 1859, College Place, entry in 1869.
		Isaac, John Vernon 1950, 7 Clifton Park, Clifton 1956 Last entry
	www.cartes.fsnet.co.uk /photo/azlist2.htm (3882 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		John Herapath, an English chemist, had in 1847 outlined the kinetical theory of gases in his Mathematical Physics.....
		The very conquest of the biological sciences by the new ideas has led many to proclaim an explicit and rigid separation of philosophy from science....
		Doubtless the greatest dissolvent in contemporary thought of old questions, the greatest precipitant of new methods, new intentions, new problems, is the one effected by the scientific revolution that found its climax in the "Origin of Species." (John Dewey's The Influence of Darwin on Philosophy (NY: Peter Smith, 1951), pp.
	www.worldvieweyes.org /resources/Strauss/BackAmPrag12.doc (4472 words)

	POST OFFICE IN PARADISE - Kauai Postmarks, Part 1: Anahola to Koloa
		Postmasters: Capt. John Kellett (1846-1856), Rev. Abner Wilcox (1856-1863), Capt. A.
		Kellett (1870-?, with Rev. Wilcox), Capt. John Ross (1870?-1876), A Conradt (1876-1878), C. Koelling (1878-1883), Jas.
		Kaiwi (1882-1883), G. Grant (1883-1884), George C. Potter (1884-1885), G. Dole (1885-1886), John T. Herapath (1886) and R. Spaulding (1886-1893).
	www.hawaiianstamps.com /iskauai1.html (2309 words)

	[No title]
		Born January 31st, 1830 Sheffield, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, the youngest of ten children; died December, 1872 near Vallejo, California; buried Elmwood Cemetery, Detroit, Michigan.
		His ancestors, John Moss (afterwards changed to Morse) and William Ives were among Governor Eaton's party who first settled New Haven April, 1638.
		His greatest work consisted of pioneer engineering, surveying and locating the line of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific between San Francisco and Salt Lake City, working under Leland Stanford and Samuel S. Montague, chief engineer.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/spc/xml/m0097.xml (1025 words)

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