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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Sadducees
		They espoused the hellenizing tendencies of the Asmonean princes in which they were strongly opposed by the Pharisees, or Separatists, a party evolved from the earlier Assideans, and which abhorred all
		Under Aristobulus I and Alexander Jannæus, the immediate successor of John Hyrcanus, the power of the Sadducees was supreme, and though the opposing faction of the Pharisees came into favour during the regency of Alexandra
		Salome (780-69 B.C.), the Sadducees regained their ascendancy under Aristobulus II (69-63 B.C.) whom they supported in his conflicts with Hyrcanus II, Antipater, and the Romans.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13323a.htm (486 words)

	HYRCANUS - LoveToKnow Article on HYRCANUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		JoHv HYRCANUS I., high priest of the Jews from 135 to 105 B.c., was the youngest son of Simon Maccabaeus.
		The external policy of Hyrcanus was marked by considerable energy and tact, and, aided as it was by favoring circumstances, was so successful as to leave the Jewish nation in a position of independence and of influence such as it had not known since the days of Solomon.
		JoHN HYRCANUS II., high priest from 78 to 40 B.C., was the eldest son of Alexander Jannaeus by his wife Alexandra, and was thus a grandson of the preceding.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HY/HYRCANUS.htm (1112 words)

	John Hyrcanus - OnlineEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		John Hyrcanus (Yohanan Girhan) (reigned 134 BCE - 104 BCE, died 104 BCE) was a Hasmonean (Maccabeean) leader of the 2nd century BCE.
		Apparently the name "Hyrcanus" was taken by him as a reignal name upon his accession to power.
		John Hyrcanus apparently combined an energetic and able style of leadership with the zeal of his forebears.
	www.neareasternarchaeology.com /encyclopedia/index.php/John_Hyrcanus (460 words)

	Pompey-Jerusalem through Coins
		John Hyrcanus II Assumed Maccabean throne on the death of his mother, Salome Alexandra, and pursuant to her will.
		John Hyrcanus II, on the advice of his advisor Antipater, then fled to the Nabatean Kingdom and sought the aid of King Areta.
		Hyrcanus II is the Grandfather of Herod's second wife.
	home1.gte.net /vze3xycv/Jerusalem/confPompey.htm (547 words)

	The Hasmonean Dynasty
		John Hyrcanus II was a Pharisee, and Aristobulus II sided more with the Sadducean point of view.
		Hyrcanus was eventually forced to flee for his life to the land of the Arabs.
		Hyrcanus II was reinstated as High Priest, and the ambitious Antipater was made Minister of the land of Judea.
	www.zianet.com /maxey/Inter4.htm (1761 words)

	Herod
		Hyrcanus II and Phasael went into the Parthian camp to negotiate a peace but were treacherously imprisoned.
		His second wife was Mariamne, a grand-daughter of the ruler-priest Hyrcanus II; by this marriage Herod connected his own house with that of the Hasmonaeans (Maccabeans), and thus attempted to legalize his kingship in the eyes of the Jews.
		John the Baptist severely rebuked Antipas (perhaps publicly) for his adultery and as a result was incarcerated in Machaerus, a fortress east of the Dead Sea.
	www.nisbett.com /people/bp-herod.htm (3465 words)

	From Hyrcanus to Salome Alexandra
		Hyrcanus is informed about this plan and avoids being killed because he has the support of the people of Gazara.
		Hyrcanus is prevented from capturing the fortress, however, because Ptolemy has his mother as a hostage.
		In response to the complaints of Hyrcanus and the elders of the Jews (probably Pharisees), Alexandra detains Aristobolus' wife in children in the Baris, the fortress adjacent the Temple.
	www.abu.nb.ca /Courses/NTIntro/InTest/Hist4.htm (3481 words)

	Judea and Civil War
		John was governor of a region in Judea along the Mediterranean coast and in command of a military force.
		As queen of Judah she reversed the policies of her late husband and supported the Pharisees, and the Pharisees in turn recognized her right to rule, even though she was not a descendant of David as they believed a monarch should be.
		John sought help from an Arab chieftain named Antipater, who was from nearby Idumaea and the head of a family called the Herods.
	www.fsmitha.com /h1/ch17.htm (2504 words)

	THE TALMUDIC ERA (300 BCE TO ABOUT 700 CE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		John expected Eliazar to be executed for this mortal insult, not what presumably would have been a light flogging and took their attempts to protect him as evidence that they shared his views and had put him up to it.
		John was already the High Priest, so on her death, he automatically became king, but agreed to abdicate when he was successfully attacked by Aristobolus.
		John, or rather his ‘grey eminence’ Antipater, realised that Rome was to be the main power in the region for the foreseeable future, so his approach was to use the much more reliable tactic of flattery and deference.
	www.chiswick.demon.co.uk /Talmud.htm (3537 words)

	Did Easu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		John Hyrcanus began a policy of territorial expansion, including the reconquest of the coastal cities ceded to Syria during the early years of his reign: Hyrcanus [then] turned southward and conquered the province known as Idumea.
		Hyrcanus therefore considered it his mission to reconquer all those lands, and either to expel their inhabitants or to incorporate them with the Judæans: for so long as foreign and hostile tribes existed in the very heart of the country, its political independence and religious stability would be in constant danger.
		John Hagee, there is going to be judgment, and I would hate to be in your shoes when you finally discover the truth that the present-day "Jews" are Edomites rather than Israelites, for the Edomites to whom you cater are Yahweh’s enemy.
	www.childrenofyahweh.com /Emahiser/did_easu.htm (2289 words)

	Chapter 30: The Hasmonean Dynasty
		John, later to be called Hyrcanus, rushed to Jerusalem and claimed the posts of governor and high priest.
		Under John Hyrcanus (135-105), Judaean territory was increased by the annexation of Idumea, Samaria and Perea.
		John Hyrcanus had planned that, upon his death, his wife would take charge of civil affairs, and his son, Judas Aristobulus, would be high priest.
	www.infidels.org /library/modern/gerald_larue/otll/chap30.html (7759 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		When his mother died during a revolt led by his brother Aristobulus II, Hyrcanus II was bribed by his brother to relinquish his claim to the throne and the high priesthood.
		Initially, Hyrcanus II agreed, but was convinced by an advisor (Antipater, an Idumean and father of Herod the Great) to rebel against his brother.
		Aristobulus II bribed his brother Hyrcanus II to relinquish his claim to the throne, but Hyrcanus II was advised to do otherwise and revolted against his brother.
	www.cbhs.org /rmartin/resources/maccabees_chart.htm (1538 words)

	Comparative Index to Islam : John the Baptist
		One of the priest-king of the Hasmonean Dynasty was John Hyrcanus, well attested to in many historical and classical sources.
		John's brother, Judas, led the Jews in rebellion against Antiochus IV Epiphanes.
		We bring thee tidings of a son whose name is John; we have given the same name to none before (him).
	www.answering-islam.org /Index/J/john.html (391 words)

	Biblica 79 (1998) GNUSE, R.
		The Temple Theophanies of Jaddus, Hyrcanus, and Zechariah
		John the Baptist is characterized as a Nazirite, drinking no wine or strong drink, which reminds us of Samuel who also was a Nazirite and Samson whose hair was not to be cut (also part of Nazirite vows).
		The Hyrcanus and Lukan narratives do not have clear statements which terminate their theophanies, but the references in Ant 13,283 and Luke 1,22 to Hyrcanus and Zechariah leaving the temple function to indicate clearly that the theophany is over.
	www.bsw.org /project/biblica/bibl79/Comm12m.htm (5969 words)

	Maccabean-Jerusalem through Coins
		John Hyrcanus, a descendant of Judah Maccabee, was the first Hasmonean leader to mint coinage, indeed he is the first ever to mint Jewish coins.
		John Hyrcanus defeated the armies of Antiochus IX Kyzikenos, expelled them from Samaria, and increased his independence.
		Also a son of John Hyrcanus I, he was an ambitious military leader and greatly expanded the borders of his empire.
	home1.gte.net /~vze3xycv/Jerusalem/confHasmonAnt4.htm (1374 words)

	The Hasmonean Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		John Hyrcanus I had taken the opportunity provided by Antiochos VII's disastrous war against the Parthians to contact the Romans and seek recognition and protection, two things which the Romans were happy to give.
		John Hyrcanus I, Judaean High Priest and nephew of the legendary Judah Maccabee, took advantage of this to continue to expand the Jewish nation.
		The legend refers to "Yehohanan (John Hyrcanus I) the High Priest and the Council of the Jews" in archaic Hebrew.
	www.electriciti.com /garstang/judaean/hasmonean.htm (1015 words)

	[No title]
		John was a fisherman of the Sea of Galilee, his life was hard work, but apparently it had paid off for his family, because they had servants, and were able to support the ministry of Jesus Christ.
		John was the last eyewitness to the life of Christ, and he has a desire to retell the story in his own words.
		John's gospel is like a commentary he inserts his comments on the narrative many times interpreting and illuminating the events as they occur.
	www.churchofhopeontheweb.org /bstudy/loc.htm (16801 words)

	FBF - At a Glance
		Hyrcanus became the first Jewish ruler to strike coinage bearing his own name—a tangible display of independence.
		When Pompey came to Damascus, ambassadors from Hyrcanus, Aristobulus, and even the Pharisees (who wanted Hasmonean rule abolished and proper high priestly rule restored) requested his intervention on their behalf.
		Hyrcanus' followers managed to open the gates, and Pompey took Jerusalem in 63 bc.
	www.f-b-f.org /WebMan/Article.asp?ID=4098&Count=true (1397 words)

	The Handbook of Biblical Numismatics
		After the death of Antiochus VII in 129 BCE, John Hyrcanus achieved the complete independence of Judaea, and greatly expanded his kingdom through conquests of Idumaea, Samaria, and parts of Transjordan and the Galilee.
		With the exception of an extremely rare medium bronze (double prutah) coin of John Hyrcanus, and large bronze coins (chalcus and dichalcus) of Antigonus Mattathias, all of the Hasmonean coins were small bronze prutahs and tiny half prutahs.
		Hyrcanus' very rare double prutah features a pair of cornucopiae (horns-of-plenty) and a crested helmet; the Hebrew inscription reads "Yehochanan the High Priest and Leader of the Community of the Jews." (#11)
	www.amuseum.org /book/page5.html (564 words)

	Esau/Edom, and the Trail of the Serpent - XII
		John Hyrcanus of the Hasmonean family was the Jewish high priest, and although he refused the title of king, ruled Judah from 135-104BC.
		His grandson -- John Hyrcanus II succeeded to the priesthood in 78BC, and to the throne of Judea in about 69BC but was dependent upon Rome.
		John Calvin, for instance, was the Jew, Cohen.
	www.biblebelievers.org.au /bb981128.htm (6371 words)

	[No title]
		Under John Hyrcanus (134-104 BCE), Idumea, and it's central city of Marisha, the birthplace of Herod, was converted by the sword.
		Ironically, Hyrcanus' wars of territorial expansion and forced conversion were largely fought, not by Jews, but by pagan "hired swords".
		Hyrcanus became a puppet king with the Romans pulling the strings.
	www.hebroots.org /hebrootsarchive/9710/971027_c.html (1640 words)

	war-b1c2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Now when Hyrcanus had received the high priesthood, which his father had held before, and had offered sacrifice to God, he made great haste to attack Ptolemy, that he might afford relief to his mother and brethren.
		Now John's case was this: When he considered the courage of his mother, and heard her entreaty, he set about his attacks; but when he saw her beaten, and torn to pieces with the stripes, he grew feeble, and was entirely overcome by his affections.
		But then these successes of John and of his sons made them be envied, and occasioned a sedition in the country; and many there were who got together, and would not be at rest till they brake out into open war, in which war they were beaten.
	www.dabar.org /Josephus/WARS/Book-1/war-b1c2.html (635 words)

	Christian History Handbook: Ancient: Appendix III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		John Hyrcanus was to be recognized as an independent ruler and Roman ally.
		The Pharisees were concerned that John Hyrcanus' mother, Simon's wife, had been legally disqualified to be the wife of a priest because she had been imprisoned together with Simon, her husband back in the days of Antiochus IV Epiphanes.
		Josephus reports (Antiquities 13.9.1) that John Hyrcanus conquered Idumea and forced the Idumeans to be circumcised and to follow all the laws of the Jews.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/ht3463aa03.html (9844 words)

	Between The Testaments - Fundamental Baptist Institute
		Second, the heroic resistance of Mattathias and his five sons, John, Simon, Judas, Eleazar, and Jonathan, all of them dying violent deaths in the violent struggle, continued by John Hyrcanus, son of Simon.
		In a former chapter was recounted the final conquest of Idumaea, or Edom, by John Hyrcanus, and its incorporation into Judea, thus forcibly uniting Jacob and Esau.
		Hyrcanus II was made high priest and a Roman senator, and also was made hereditary ethnarch, that is, subordinate governor.
	www.fbinstitute.com /carroll/7.html (3651 words)

	Pharisaism
		At a state banquet, John Hyrcanus asked if anyone present had recommendations on ways to improve the government.
		He explained that since Hyrcanus' mother was a captive of the Greeks, she obviously had been violated, and the king was probably the illegitimate son of a Greek soldier, and resignation would be the only honorable thing to do.
		John Hyrcanus was not impressed, and developed closer ties with the Sadducees.
	www.christinyou.net /pages/pharisaism.html (2635 words)

	Herod (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		His brother, John Hyrcanus, felt his brother hadn't played fair.
		John Hyrcanus allied himself with Rome under General Pompey.
		John and Pompey entered Jerusalem unopposed, but the Temple Mount, with its own fortifications, posed some problems.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/Herod.html (867 words)

	John Hyrcanus II -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Under Hyrcanus' vacillating leadership, Judaea (southern of the three traditional divisions of ancient Palestine, today mostly in Israel) fell into vassalage to Rome.
		John Hyrcanus II high priest of Judaea from 76 to 40 BC, and, with his brother Aristobulus II, last of the Maccabean (Hasmonean) dynastic rulers.
		John Paul II made extraordinary efforts to reach out to people around the world, to both Roman Catholics and those of other faiths.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9043838?tocId=9043838 (788 words)

	Hasmonean Home page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		On her decision (probably at the request of her husband) to make her oldest son, John Hyrcanus II, the High Priest, Aristobulus II the younger son fought to gain control.
		Aristobulus and his son Alexander (son of both Hyrcanus and Aristrobulus) fought once again for political control, but they were never able beat Hyrcanus and his Roman alliance.
		Thus, with the defeat of the Hasmonean ruler John Hyrcanus, and the defeat of the last blood descendant of the Hasmonean dynasty, Mattathias Antigonus; the Herodian Empire was founded, both with the help and later the consequence of a Roman alliance.
	www.usc.edu /dept/LAS/religion/arcproj/judean/sec_pg.html (556 words)

	Widow's Mite Jewelry
		The first Hasmonean to mint coins was John Hyrcanus I who ruled from 135 B.C. to 104.
		After the death of Jannaeus in 76 B.C., his Queen, Salome Alexandra ruled until her sons, Hyrcanus II, and Aristobulus II were old enough to rule.
		John Hyrcanus II continued to rule until 40 B.C. when he died.
	hospice.xtn.net /mite.htm (1542 words)

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