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	History of Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Portugal's acceptance in the OECD, NATO and EFTA, was not an unconditional sign of the international acceptance of the regime: in the context of the cold war and international pragmatism, Portugal was a small country with a relatively important geostrategical position, thus Western interests turned a blind eye on the regime's policies.
		The Lusitanians inhabit central Portugal, the Calaicians or Gallaeci northern Portugal, the Celtici are in Alentejo and the Conii are in the Algarve.
		1112 – Afonso Henriques inherits the County of Portugal, a fiefdom of the Kingdom of León.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Portugal (7611 words)

	JOHN II., THE PERFECT, KING OF PORTUGAL - LoveToKnow Article on JOHN II., THE PERFECT, KING OF PORTUGAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Succeeding to the crown at a time when Portugal was at the height of its political power, and Lisbon in a position of commercial importance previously unknown, John III., unfortunately for his dominions, became subservient to the clerical party among his subjects, with disastrous consequences to the commercial and social prosperity of his kingdom.
		(1603-1656), the Fortunate, king of Portugal, was born at Villaviciosa in March 1603, succeeded to the dukedom of Braganza in 1630, and married Luisa de Guzman, eldest daughter of the duke of Medina Sidonia, in 1633.
		JOHN V. (1689-1750), king of Portugal, was born at Lisbon on the 22nd of October 1689, and succeeded his father Pedro II.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /J/JO/JOHN_II_THE_PERFECT_KING_OF_PORTUGAL.htm (2451 words)

	John II of Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		He was the son of king Afonso V of Portugal by his wife, Isabel of Coimbra, princess of Portugal.
		João II succeeded his father in 1477 when the king retired to a monastery and became king in 1481.
		As a prince, João II accompanied his father in the campaigns in northern Africa and was made a knight by him after the victory in in 1471.
	www.bexley.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/John_II_of_Portugal (1088 words)

	JOHN II. - LoveToKnow Article on JOHN II.
		John was first married to Blanche of Navarre of the house of Evreux.
		John rom the first regarded his son with jealousy, which after his econd marriage with Joan Henriquez, and under her influence, ;rew into absolute hatred.
		The Catalan revolt was pacified in 1472, >ut John had war, in which he was generally unfortunate, with lis neighbor the French king till his death on the 20th of anuary 1479.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /J/JO/JOHN_II_.htm (495 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - John II (of Portugal) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		John II (of Portugal), in Portuguese, João II, called The Perfect (1455-1495), the son of King Afonso V, born in Lisbon.
		King John II (reigned 1481-1495), a son of Afonso V, was one of Portugal’s ablest rulers.
		Catherine of Braganza (1638-1705), daughter of John IV of Portugal and wife of Charles II of England.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /John_II_(of_Portugal).html (238 words)

	Manuel I of Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		His mother was the granddaughter of King John I of Portugal; his father was son of King Duarte of Portugal.
		Without reason: John II wanted to name him heir to the throne, after the death of his son prince Afonso of Portugal and the failed attempts to legitimise, his illegitimate son.
		Edwart(Duarte), duke of Guimarães (1515-1540), great-grandfather of John IV of Portugal married Isabella (1512-1576),daughter of Jaime, duke of braganza.
	www.pineville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Manuel_I_of_Portugal (838 words)

	AllRefer.com - John II, king of Portugal (Spanish And Portuguese History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		John II (John the Perfect), 1455–95, king of Portugal (1481–95), son and successor of Alfonso V. He was an astute politician and statesman and a patron of Renaissance art and learning.
		John maintained peace with Spain and signed (1494) the Treaty of Tordesillas, setting bounds for Spanish and Portuguese colonial expansion.
		John's son Alfonso predeceased him, so he was succeeded by his cousin and brother-in-law, Manuel I. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/J/John2Por.html (287 words)

	King John II of Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		John Avis (also spelt João), was born in 1455, son and successor of King Alfonso V of Portugal.
		In August 1481, he succeeded his father and became King of Portugal in 1481He was an astute politician and statesman and a patron of Renaissance art and learning.
		John refused to help Columbus, whom he thought a dreamer, but he encouraged the search for an eastern sea route to India.
	goofy313g.free.fr /calisota_online/exist/johnII.html (226 words)

	Bartolomeu Dias - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		King John II of Portugal appointed him on October 10, 1486 as the head of an expedition which was to endeavor to sail around the southern end of Africa in hopes of finding a trade route leading to Asia.
		The Chief purpose of the expedition was to find the country of the legendary Christian African king known as Prester John, concerning whom recent reports had arrived through and with whom the Portuguese wished to enter into friendly relations.
		It was later renamed by John II as the Cape of Good Hope (Cabo da Boa Esperança) because of the opening of a route to the east.
	www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Bartolomeu_Dias (703 words)

	Aviz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The House of Aviz is a dynasty of kings of Portugal.
		In 1385, the Interregnum ended with the acclamation of the Master of the Order of Aviz, John, natural son of king Pedro I and Dona Teresa Lourenço as king.
		Cardinal Henry (or Anthony I) was succeeded by king Philip II of Spain.
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Aviz (190 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		John the Apostle, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus.
		John the Evangelist, to whom the Gospel of John is attributed, often along with 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, and Revelation.
		The john is also a nickname for the toilet, perhaps after the name of Sir John Harington who invented it.
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=John (198 words)

	The Spanish and Portuguese Conquest of the Americas
		King John II of Portugal was not satisfied with this division, which he felt jeaprodized Portuguese interests in the South Atlantic so he negotiated a treaty with Ferdinand and Isabella 270 leagues (930 miles) farther to the west.
		Later the throne of Portugal was vacated by the death of the king and Philip successful claimed the throne of Portugal on the basis of his mother rights.
		Philip died in 1598 but the joint monarchy of Spain and Portugal continued until 1640 when the Portuguese declared a Portuguese to be the King of Portugal.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/theconquest.htm (1167 words)

	John Neumann Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		* Emperor John I or Yohannes I of EthiopiaYohannes I of Ethiopia
		* Emperor John II or Yohannes II of EthiopiaYohannes II of Ethiopia
		In North America only, a ''john'' is a reference to a toilet, perhaps after the name of Sir John Harington who invented it.
	www.echostatic.com /John_Neumann.html (226 words)

	Movers: Renaissance and Reformation (1400 - Mid 1600s) By Miles Hodges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Philip II had borrowed against all the future tax revenues of the Spanish monarchy in order to pursue his aggressive military policy as defender of the Catholic faith throughout Europe.
		To secure her position, and that of the Catholic church, she married Philip II, son of her cousin Charles, who was in line soon to inherit rule over all-powerful Spain.
		In 1524 he was sent by King John III to be the Portuguese viceroy in India.
	www.newgenevacenter.org /movers/renaiss-reform2.htm (5674 words)

	John
		Emperor John I or Yohannes I of Ethiopia
		Emperor John II or Yohannes II of Ethiopia
		A Dear John letter is a correspondence in which a woman informs her fiancé or boyfriend of her intention to sever their romantic relationship, typically in situations where the man is stationed, as with the military, in a distant location for a period of time.
	www.tuxedo-shop.com /search.php?title=John (289 words)

	Christiaan Sgrooten (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Originally, Spain claimed all lands west of a line of demarcation 100 leagues west of Cape Verde, while Portugal received the lands to the east of this line.
		John II of Portugal negotiated a treaty with Spain moving the line 270 leagues further west to 46
		As a result Portugal succeeded in laying claim to Brazil, its only colony in the new world.
	sio.midco.net /dansmapstamps/christiaansgrooten.htm (205 words)

	vol02chap06sect01
		From that time King John never heard more of him, and therefore concluded that he was dead; nothing having ever been received from him respecting his travels, except what was contained in the letters carried by the Jews, as before mentioned.
		There came afterwards to Lisbon, a friar from this country of Presbyter John, who was received courteously by the king, and on whose reports of great things concerning that country, the king determined to proceed in making a discovery of the way to the Indies by sea.
		But King John died, and was succeeded by King Manuel, of glorious memory, who had been chosen by Divine Providence to accomplish the discovery of these countries, by which the Christian faith hath been greatly extended, the royal house of Portugal much honoured, and the subjects wonderfully enriched.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/kerr/vol02chap06sect01.html (2564 words)

	Pope John Paul II says euthanasia "seeks to establish who can live and who must die"
		Pope John Paul II praised Portugal's visiting president Friday for his nation's conservative Catholicism, saying it could inspire hope amid a "grave crisis" in modern values.
		Mostly Roman Catholic Portugal has some of Europe's strictest abortion laws, totally banning the procedure after 12 weeks of pregnancy and sharply limiting when it is permitted in earlier weeks.
		He visited the Fatima, Portugal, shrine, after his recovery from gunshot wounds inflicted by a Turkish gunmen in St. Peter's Square in 1981.
	www.tldm.org /News7/euthanasia3.htm (2039 words)

	Setting the Stage for Columbus
		In 1484 Columbus presented to King John II of Portugal his astonishing proposal to reach the Indies by sailing westward.
		In 1469, Alfonso V of Portugal granted a Lisbon merchant a monopoly on trade with the Guinea coast on condition that he explore one hundred leagues further every year.
		The west coast of Africa, all of it, was finally added to the map of the world - and a new sea route to India, south to the tip of Africa and then northeast across the Indian Ocean, lay open.
	nautarch.tamu.edu /SHIPLAB/acores-geral02-columbus.htm (2421 words)

	Discoverers Web: Cao (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In 1482 King João II (= John II) of Portugal revived interest in the quest for a sea route around Africa to India, and the first of the newly commissioned voyages was that of Diogo Cão.
		He left Portugal in midsummer (?) 1482, and coasted West Africa as far as Elmina (in present Ghana) where he took on provisions.
		Nsaku was baptised in Portugal by the name João da Silva, was entertained at the royal household, and returned to the Congo in 1490 with Gonçalo de Sousa.
	www.win.tue.nl /~engels/discovery/cao.html (451 words)

	Zenit News Agency - The World Seen From Rome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		On May 13, the world will remember the assassination attempt John Paul II suffered in Saint Peter's Square 18 years ago, at the hands of Ali Agca, a Turkish terrorist.
		The two shepherds' beatification process was given significant impetus at the beginning of the year, when a Holy See medical commission found the cure of Maria Emilia Santos inexplicable in the light of science.
		At a poignant time like Christmas, and after greeting pilgrims in several languages, John Paul II addressed the Kurds who were in Saint Peter's Square with these words: "I greet everyone cordially, especially the Kurdish people" and he pleaded for their rights.
	www.zenit.org /english/archive/9902/ZE990218.html (3404 words)

	Columbus Day History and Information Activities and Links
		Portugal deemed, " The greatest seafaring nation in the world," due in large measure to the discoveries, exploits and sponsorship of it's prince, nicknamed "Henry the Navigator," seemed the most likely nation to support Columbus's dream of finding that shorter route to the EAST.
		So, it was no surprise that later, he would chose to approach Portugal's King John II for his support of his expedition.
		In 1481 he entered the service of King John II of Portugal and voyaged to the Gold Coast of Africa.
	www.sunniebunniezz.com /holiday/columbus.htm (782 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| dummy \| Day 244
		Although he had passed up the chance to sponsor the first voyage of Columbus, John II of Portugal had plenty of exciting naval enterprises to occupy him.
		He had earlier failed to convince John II of Portugal that the scheme was worthwhile.
		Christopher Columbus - for it was he - might have been less enthusiastic to sail towards the setting sun, had he known about a ceremony conducted in 1487 by Ahuitzotl, of the Aztec empire in Mexico.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Millennium/0,2833,306755,00.html (669 words)

	Vasco da Gama
		In 1492 King John II of Portugal sent da Gama to attack French ships that had been raiding Portuguese trading ships.
		In 1497 King Manuel I of Portugal asked da Gama to lead a fleet of four ships to discover a sea route to India.
		After Portugal took control of Calicut and nearby regions, da Gama became governor of the area in 1524.
	www.harcourtschool.com /activity/biographies/dagama (396 words)

	Reefs, Wrecks and Rascals The Pirate Legacy of the Spanish Main (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		King John II of Portugal was dissatisfied because Portugal's rights in the New World were insufficiently affirmed, and the Portuguese would not have sufficient room at sea for their African voyages.
		The new boundary enabled Portugal to claim the coast of Brazil after its discovery by Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500.
		The Laws of Burgos issued on Dec. 27, 1512, by Ferdinand II of Aragon regulated relations between Spaniards and the conquered Indians who were often severely treated.
	www.mdpls.org /virtual/encounters/encount.htm (1518 words)

	Articles - Manuel I of Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Without reason: John II wanted to name him heir to the throne, after the death of his son prince Afonso of Portugal and the failed attempts to legitimise George, his illegitimate son.
		Henry, king of Portugal (1512-1580) whose death triggered the struggle for the throne of Portugal
		Edward (Duarte), Duke of Guimarães (1515-1540), great-grandfather of John IV of Portugal married Isabella (1512-1576),daughter of Jaime, duke of Braganza.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Manuel_I_of_Portugal (923 words)

	Covilham as a polyglot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		of Portugal (1481-95) Covilham, who had already distinguished himself as an explorer under Alfonzo Y., was sent, in company with Alfonzo de Payva, in search of the kingdom of Prester John, which the traditional notions of the time placed in Abyssinia.
		He married in the country, and obtained large possessions; but, in accordance with a law of Abyssinia similar to that which still exists in Japan, prohibiting any one who may have once settled in the country ever again to leave it, he was compelled to adopt Abyssinia as a second home.
		When, therefore, he was recalled by John II., the King of Abyssinia refused to relinquish him, pleading " that he was skilled in almost all the languages of men" and that he had made to him, as his own adopted subject, large grants of land and other possessions.
	www.how-to-learn-any-language.com /e/polyglots/covilham.html (246 words)

	Ferdinand Magellan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		He is also remembered as the first to circumnavigate the globe, although not in a single voyage: in an early voyage he sailed to Indonesia, and in his last voyage he reached the same longitude from the opposite direction.
		Born into the nobility as Fernão de Magalhães (or Magalhãens), he was raised a page at the royal court of King John II of Portugal and Queen Eleonora.
		He returned to Portugal, and stayed at the royal court of King Emanuel I, but Emanuel let him understand that he would have no further employment in his country's service (after 15 May 1514).
	usapedia.com /f/ferdinand-magellan.html (752 words)

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