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	John III Sobieski, King of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		John (Jan) III Sobieski (August 17, 1629 – June 17, 1696) was the king of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1674 to 1696.
		Jan was born in 1629 at Olesko, Poland to Jakub (James) Sobieski (1580-1646), Voivod of Ruthenian Voivodship and Castellan of Kraków and Zofia Teofillia (Daniłowicz), granddaughter of Hetman Stanislaw Zolkiewski.
		King John III Sobieski, nicknamed by the Turks the "Lion of Lechistan", and the last great king of Poland, died in Wilanów, Poland on June 17, 1696.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_III_of_Poland (853 words)

	JOHN II. (SOBIESKI), KING OF POLAND - LoveToKnow Article on JOHN II. (SOBIESKI), KING OF POLAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		John was a chivalrous and romantic personage, who enjoyed a great reputation for valour both before and after his death; but as a ruler he was careless and extravagant, interested only in his kingdom when seeking relief from his constant pecuniary embarrassments.
		King John was killed at Aicali on he gth of October 1390 by the fall of his horse, while he was iding in a, fantasia with some of the light horsemen known as the arfanes, who were mounted and equipped in the Arab style.
		JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540), king of Hungary, was the son of the palatine Stephen Zapolya and the princess Hedwig of Teschen, and was born at the castle of Szepesvar.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /J/JO/JOHN_II_SOBIESKI_KING_OF_POLAND.htm (2674 words)

	POLAND - LoveToKnow Article on POLAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Poland had established a sort of suzerainty over Moldavia as early as the end of the I4th century; but at best it was a loose and vague overlordship which the Hospodars repudiated whenever they were strong enough to do so.
		Poland, as the next neighbor of Hungary, was more seriously affected than any other European power by this catastrophe, but her politicians differed as to the best way of facing it.
		On the death of John Zapolya, the Austro-Polish alliance was still further cemented by the marriage of Sigismunds son and heir, Sigismund Augustus, with the archduchess Elizabeth.
	7.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PO/POLAND.htm (18908 words)

	Sigismund III of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		King Sigismund III of Poland, Sigismund of Sweden (June 20, 1566 O.S. – April 19, 1632), was the son of King John III of Sweden (1537 – 1592), of the House of Vasa, and his first wife Catherine Jagellonica of Poland (1526 – 1583).
		Vladislaus (1595 – 1648), (reigned 1632 – 1648 as Władysław IV Waza of Poland)
		John Casimir (1609 – 1672), (reigned 1648 – 1668 as John Casimir II Vasa of Poland)
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Sigismund_III_of_Poland (975 words)

	AllRefer.com - John III, king of Poland (Polish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		John III, king of Poland, Polish History, Biographies
		John III (John Sobieski)[sObye´skE] Pronunciation Key, 1624–96, king of Poland (1674–96), champion of Christian Europe against the Ottomans.
		John's death, followed by the choice of the elector of Saxony as King Augustus II of Poland, marked the virtual end of Polish independence.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/J/John3pol.html (369 words)

	Boleslaus III of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Boleslaus III the Wrymouth (Bolesław III Krzywousty), (1086-1138) was duke of Poland from 1102.
		He was a son of Ladislaus Herman of Poland and, daughter of emperor Henry III.
		Boleslaus III was thus the brother in law of emperor Henry IV.
	www.bonneylake.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Boleslaus_III_of_Poland (361 words)

	AllRefer.com - John II, king of Poland (Polish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		John II (John Casimir), 1609–72, king of Poland (1648–68), son of Sigismund III.
		John II defeated (1651) the allied Cossack, Tatar, and Ottoman forces, but in 1654 the Cossacks accepted Russian suzerainty over the Ukraine, and Czar Alexis promptly invaded Poland.
		In 1655, Charles X of Sweden nearly overran Poland and was checked only by the successful Polish defense of Czestochowa, which inspired the Poles to renewed resistance.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/J/John2Pol.html (401 words)

	SIGISMUND III OF POLAND FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		King Sigismund III of Poland, Sigismund of Sweden (June_20, 1566 O.S. April_19, 1632), was the son of King John III of Sweden (1537 â“ 1592), of the House_of_Vasa, and his first wife, Catherine_Jagellonica_of_Poland (1526 â“ 1583).
		He ruled in the Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth, where he was known as Zygmunt III Waza, from 1587 to 1632 and in Sweden, where he was known as Sigismund Vasa, from 1592 until deposed in 1599.
		Zygmunt III was commemorated by the striking Zygmunt's_Column, commissioned by his son and successor, King WÅadysÅaw_IV.
	www.witwib.com /Sigismund_III_of_Poland (1455 words)

	John III on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		John W. Marriott, III, Executive Vice President/Lodging, of Marriott International, Inc., welcomed the newest addition to the Marriott family, the Courtyard by Marriott Warsaw International Airport...
		John Darrell Comito III of Plano, Texas, was injured May 14, 2005, when a suicide bomber got near his patrol and set off a blast.
		John Terry III, of Detroit, Michigan, talks about being wounded in the Gulf War and the risks military forces face, not just in battle but for a lifetime.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/J/John3pol.asp (664 words)

	Search Results for "Sobieski"
		...John III, king of Poland, (John Sobieski) (sobye´ske) (KEY), 1624-96, king of Poland (1674-96), champion of Christian Europe against the Ottomans.
		The Vasa dynasty ended with the death of John II.
		John III (John Sobieski; reigned 1674-96), who defended (1683) Vienna from the Ottoman...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=col65&query=Sobieski (166 words)

	John III of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		John (Jan) III Sobieski (August 17, 1629 - June 17, 1696) was the king of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1674 to 1696.
		After a distinguished military career, and following the death of King Jan II Kazimierz's successor, Michael Korybut Wisniowiecki, John Sobieski was elected by the szlachta as king of Poland on May 21 1674 and was crowned on February 2, 1676.
		It is noteworthy that John III came belatedly to the battlefield, but rushed to Vienna in order to receive a hero's welcome, while the Elector of Saxony's German and Austrian troops were still busy on the battlefield tending to their dead and wounded.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/J/John-III-of-Poland.htm (696 words)

	John III, king of Poland. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Born to an ancient noble family, he was appointed (1668) commander of the Polish army.
		John’s plans to recover East Prussia led him to conclude alliances with France (1675) and Sweden (1677) against Frederick William of Brandenburg (the Great Elector).
		However, John’s attempts (1684–91) to secure access to the Black Sea by wresting Moldavia and Walachia from the Ottoman Empire were unsuccessful.
	www.bartleby.com /65/jo/John3pol.html (289 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Innocent III
		One of the greatest popes of the Middle Ages, son of Count Trasimund of Segni and nephew of Clement III, born 1160 or 1161 at Anagni, and died 16 June, 1216, at Perugia.
		During the pontificate of Celestine III (1191-1198), a member of the House of the Orsini, enemies of the counts of Segni, he lived in retirement, probably at Anagni, devoting himself chiefly to meditation and literary pursuits.
		Innocent III made clear to the German princes by the Decree "Venerabilem" which he addressed to the Duke of Zähringen in May, 1202, in what relation he considered the empire to stand to the papacy.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08013a.htm (4265 words)

	John II of Poland - Pictures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		John Casimir II Vasa of Poland, or Jan II Kazimierz Waza, (1609-1672), King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and Duke of Opole in Silesia.
		His parents were Sigismund III of Poland (1566-1632), and Constance of Austria (1588-1631).
		Poland and Sweden were also on opposite sides in the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648).
	greatestinfo.org /John_II_of_Poland (257 words)

	Domestic-Church.Com:Saint Profile: Saint Casimir
		He was the third child of thirteen children in the family of King Casimir III of Poland.
		He was the third child of the thirteen children of King Casimir III of Poland.
		Saint Casimir was the third among the thirteen children of Casimir III, King of Poland and Elizabeth of Austria.
	www.domestic-church.com /CONTENT.DCC/19980301/SAINTS/STCASIMR.HTM (1295 words)

	June 17th
		Born: John Wesley, founder of the sect of Methodists, 1703, Epworth; Andrew Crosse, electrician, 1784; Ferdinand Freiligrath, German poet, 1810.
		For fifty years he rose at four in the morning, summer and winter, and was accustomed to preach a sermon at five, an exercise he esteemed 'the healthiest in the world.' This early devotion, he said, 'is the glory of the Methodists.
		The hours not spent in sleep and study were to be used for prayer, self-examination, singing, and working in the garden in fine, and in the house in wet weather.
	www.thebookofdays.com /months/june/17.htm (2362 words)

	The Titles of the King of Poland
		Formally, Poland and Lithuania were to be distinct, equal components of the federation, each retaining its own army, treasury, civil administration, and laws; the two nations agreed to cooperate with each other on foreign policy and to participate in a joint Diet.
		In 1295, Premislas II (+1296), Duke of Greater Poland and Pomerania, was crowned King, and, restored the title of King in Poland.
		The declaration of the annexation of Prussia to Poland (1454).
	www.geocities.com /eurprin/poland.html (2778 words)

	The siege of Vienna (from John III Sobieski) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The siege of Vienna (from John III Sobieski) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		In the conflict the Polish king, John III Sobieski, led the combined forces of Europe against the Ottoman Turks and defeated them.
		Had he succeeded in a complete reformation of the church, it is possible that the Reformation of the 16th century might have been avoided, or at least forestalled.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-3727?tocId=3727 (843 words)

	Augustus, II Biography / Biography of Augustus, II Biography Biography
		When King John III Sobieski of Poland died in June 1696, Frederick August entered the international competition for the Polish throne.
		In September 1706, after occupying Poland and invading Saxony, Charles XII forced Augustus to renounce the Polish crown and recognize Stanislas in the Treaty of Altranstädt.
		He died on Feb. 1, 1733, leaving Poland fragmented by aristocratic factions, and a potential victim of the rapacity of its powerful neighbors.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-augustus-ii (549 words)

	Bagel Grove \| The Story of the Bagel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The king of Austria sought help from their neighbor and friend King John III Sobieski of Poland.
		King John agreed and with an army of only 74,000 succeeded in saving the city of Vienna.
		To celebrate the victory and to honor the Polish King John III Sobieski, a baker created a roll in the shape of a stirrup commemorating the military skills and horsemanship of the king.
	www.borg.com /~bagelg/bstory.html (206 words)

	John III, king of Poland
		John III (John Sobieski), 1624–96, king of Poland (1674–96), champion of Christian Europe against the Ottomans.
		John Sobieski - Sobieski, John: see John III, king of Poland.
		From the "Land of Diverse Sects" to National Religion: Converts to Catholicism and Reformed Franciscans in Early Modern Poland.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0826400.html (354 words)

	TOQ-Wayne Lutton-Stoye BR-Vol 2 No 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Since the events of September 11, 2001, the inhabitants of the Western world have been subjected to a relentless public relations campaign centered on the notion that "Islam is a religion of Peace"...
		John Stoye of Magdalen College, Oxford, wrote the first account in English of this turning point in European history. Originally published in 1964, a revised edition is in print and now available in the United States.
		On March 30, 1683, the Turks' vanguard of Janissaries set out from Belgrade. By May, a host estimated at over 100,000 Europeans, Asians, and Africans was heading toward Vienna. The Habsburg commander-in-chief, Charles V of Lorraine, could muster only 33,000. Leopold fled his capital, and Vienna was placed under siege on July 16.
	theoccidentalquarterly.com /vol2no2/wl-stoye.html (243 words)

	artnet.com: Resource Library: Hooghe, Romeyn de (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He is best known for his political caricatures of Louis XIV of France and for his prints glorifying William III, Stadholder of the Netherlands and King of England.
		He regularly produced such political prints as William III Sworn in as Commander-in-Chief of the Republican Forces (1672; Hollstein, no. 84); this event took place after Louis XIV had invaded the Netherlands, and thereafter de Hooghe was kept busy producing prints reflecting the course of the war (e.g.
		John III of Poland, 1673; Hollstein, no. 101), as well as an etching of the Wedding of Franciscus Mollo (1674; Hollstein, no. 388), who later became King John’s representative in Amsterdam (1676–1721).
	www.artnet.com /library/03/0388/T038853.asp (442 words)

	Imperialism as modernity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		King John III of Poland personally led a large army to relieve Vienna and saved Europe from the incalculable consequence of a Turkish foothold in Germany.
		It was the last victory of Poland before its own partition engineered by the same Austria that the Polish king had saved, with the participation of Prussia and Russia.
		During a general withdrawal, the Ottomans had to face a broad counter-offensive composed of forces of the Vatican, Poland, Russia and Venice, joined by the Hapsburgs.
	www.sa.niu.edu /msa/imperialism_9.htm (754 words)

	A Jacobite Gazetteer - Montefiascone
		James and Clementina had officially been married by proxy May 19, 1719, but it was in the episcopal palace of this town that the couple renewed their marriage vows in person, September 3, 1719.
		James III and VIII] and presented by him to the Bishop of Montefiasconi [sic], though they appear to have been for a time in the palace of the Cardinal York.
		A "parato in quarto" is the set of vestments used at high mass (a chasuble for the celebrating priest, a dalmatic for the deacon, a tunicle for the sub-deacon, and a cope for the assisting priest).
	www.jacobite.ca /gazetteer/Lazio/Montefiascone.htm (1267 words)

	Hawaiian Astronomical Society - Scutum
		King John III Sobieski, king of Poland fought a battle on September 12, 1683 against the forces of the Ottoman Empire.
		King John led not just his own troops, but those of other European nations.
		He won a decisive victory, checking the Ottoman's expansion into Europe, and saving it from the Islamic "infidel." Johannes Hevelius, who died a scant four years after the battle knew King John II of Poland (John III's father?).
	www.hawastsoc.org /deepsky/sct (519 words)

	Siege of Vienna: 1683
		On May 21, 1674, Sobieski was elected king as John III by the Diet.
		Earlier that year on March 31, 1683, King John III had signed the Treaty of Warsaw with the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold.
		Jan III Sobieski was not only looked upon as the savior of Vienna, but as a savior of the whole Europe from the Ottoman Turks.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/EastEurope/ViennaSiege.html (630 words)

	James III and VIII
		He was henceforward recognised by the Jacobites as "King James III and VIII".
		He was immediately recognised as king by the courts of France, Spain, and Modena, as well as by the Holy See, but he failed to win the recognition of the Emperor.
		On May 9 (O.S.), May 19 (N.S.), 1719, at Bologna, James was married by proxy to Clementina Sobieska, daughter of James Sobieski and of his wife, Princess Hedwig of Pfalz-Neuburg, and grand-daughter of King John III of Poland.
	www.jacobite.ca /kings/james3.htm (723 words)

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